HttpClient使用詳細教程

時間 2019-11-14

原文原文鏈接

Http協議的重要性相信不用我多說了，HttpClient相比傳統JDK自帶的URLConnection，增長了易用性和靈活性（具體區別，往後咱們再討論），它不只是客戶端發送Http請求變得容易，並且也方便了開發人員測試接口（基於Http協議的），即提升了開發的效率，也方便提升代碼的健壯性。所以熟練掌握HttpClient是很重要的必修內容，掌握HttpClient後，相信對於Http協議的瞭解會更加深刻。html

org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient與org.apache.http.client.HttpClient的區別java

Commons的HttpClient項目如今是生命的盡頭，再也不被開發,  
已被Apache HttpComponents項目HttpClient和的HttpCore  
模組取代，提供更好的性能和更大的靈活性。

1、簡介

HttpClient是Apache Jakarta Common下的子項目，用來提供高效的、最新的、功能豐富的支持HTTP協議的客戶端編程工具包，而且它支持HTTP協議最新的版本和建議。HttpClient已經應用在不少的項目中，好比Apache Jakarta上很著名的另外兩個開源項目Cactus和HTMLUnit都使用了HttpClient。web

下載地址: http://hc.apache.org/downloads.cgiapache

2、特性

1. 基於標準、純淨的java語言。實現了Http1.0和Http1.1編程

2. 以可擴展的面向對象的結構實現了Http所有的方法（GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, HEAD, OPTIONS, and TRACE）。segmentfault

3. 支持HTTPS協議。tomcat

4. 經過Http代理創建透明的鏈接。服務器

5. 利用CONNECT方法經過Http代理創建隧道的https鏈接。session

6. Basic, Digest, NTLMv1, NTLMv2, NTLM2 Session, SNPNEGO/Kerberos認證方案。多線程

7. 插件式的自定義認證方案。

8. 便攜可靠的套接字工廠使它更容易的使用第三方解決方案。

9. 鏈接管理器支持多線程應用。支持設置最大鏈接數，同時支持設置每一個主機的最大鏈接數，發現並關閉過時的鏈接。

10. 自動處理Set-Cookie中的Cookie。

11. 插件式的自定義Cookie策略。

12. Request的輸出流能夠避免流中內容直接緩衝到socket服務器。

13. Response的輸入流能夠有效的從socket服務器直接讀取相應內容。

14. 在http1.0和http1.1中利用KeepAlive保持持久鏈接。

15. 直接獲取服務器發送的response code和 headers。

16. 設置鏈接超時的能力。

17. 實驗性的支持http1.1 response caching。

18. 源代碼基於Apache License 可免費獲取。

3、使用方法

使用HttpClient發送請求、接收響應很簡單，通常須要以下幾步便可。

1. 建立HttpClient對象。

2. 建立請求方法的實例，並指定請求URL。若是須要發送GET請求，建立HttpGet對象；若是須要發送POST請求，建立HttpPost對象。

3. 若是須要發送請求參數，可調用HttpGet、HttpPost共同的setParams(HetpParams params)方法來添加請求參數；對於HttpPost對象而言，也可調用setEntity(HttpEntity entity)方法來設置請求參數。

4. 調用HttpClient對象的execute(HttpUriRequest request)發送請求，該方法返回一個HttpResponse。

5. 調用HttpResponse的getAllHeaders()、getHeaders(String name)等方法可獲取服務器的響應頭；調用HttpResponse的getEntity()方法可獲取HttpEntity對象，該對象包裝了服務器的響應內容。程序可經過該對象獲取服務器的響應內容。

6. 釋放鏈接。不管執行方法是否成功，都必須釋放鏈接

最簡單post請求, 源自 http://my.oschina.net/xinxingegeya/blog/282683

package a;
 
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
 
public class First {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", ""));
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", ""));
        HttpEntity reqEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "utf-8");
  
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
        .setConnectTimeout(5000)//1、鏈接超時：connectionTimeout-->指的是鏈接一個url的鏈接等待時間
                .setSocketTimeout(5000)// 2、讀取數據超時：SocketTimeout-->指的是鏈接上一個url，獲取response的返回等待時間
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                .build();
  
        HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://cnivi.com.cn/login");
        post.setEntity(reqEntity);
        post.setConfig(requestConfig);
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
  
        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
            HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
            String message = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "utf-8");
            System.out.println(message);
        } else {
            System.out.println("請求失敗");
        }
    }
 
}

4、實例

主文件

package com.test;
    
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.security.KeyManagementException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.ParseException;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLContexts;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.TrustSelfSignedStrategy;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.MultipartEntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.FileBody;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.junit.Test;
public class HttpClientTest {
　　//方法見下........
}

HttpClientUtils工具類

package com.bobo.code.web.controller.technology.httpcomponents;
 
 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
  
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.*;
  
public class HttpClientUtils {
  
    private static PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = null;
    private static HttpClientBuilder httpBuilder = null;
    private static RequestConfig requestConfig = null;
  
    private static int MAXCONNECTION = 10;
  
    private static int DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION = 5;
  
    private static String IP = "cnivi.com.cn";
    private static int PORT = 80;
  
    static {
        //設置http的狀態參數
        requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
                .setSocketTimeout(5000)
                .setConnectTimeout(5000)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
                .build();
  
        HttpHost target = new HttpHost(IP, PORT);
        connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        connectionManager.setMaxTotal(MAXCONNECTION);//客戶端總並行連接最大數
        connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(DEFAULTMAXCONNECTION);//每一個主機的最大並行連接數
        connectionManager.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(target), 20);
        httpBuilder = HttpClients.custom();
        httpBuilder.setConnectionManager(connectionManager);
    }
  
    public static CloseableHttpClient getConnection() {
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = httpBuilder.build();
        return httpClient;
    }
  
  
    public static HttpUriRequest getRequestMethod(Map<String, String> map, String url, String method) {
        List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
        Set<Map.Entry<String, String>> entrySet = map.entrySet();
        for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : entrySet) {
            String name = e.getKey();
            String value = e.getValue();
            NameValuePair pair = new BasicNameValuePair(name, value);
            params.add(pair);
        }
        HttpUriRequest reqMethod = null;
        if ("post".equals(method)) {
            reqMethod = RequestBuilder.post().setUri(url)
                    .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
                    .setConfig(requestConfig).build();
        } else if ("get".equals(method)) {
            reqMethod = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(url)
                    .addParameters(params.toArray(new BasicNameValuePair[params.size()]))
                    .setConfig(requestConfig).build();
        }
        return reqMethod;
    }
  
    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        Map<String, String> map = new HashMap<String, String>();
        map.put("account", "");
        map.put("password", "");
  
        HttpClient client = getConnection();
        HttpUriRequest post = getRequestMethod(map, "http://cnivi.com.cn/login", "post");
        HttpResponse response = client.execute(post);
  
        if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200) {
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            String message = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
            System.out.println(message);
        } else {
            System.out.println("請求失敗");
        }
    }
}

get方式

/**
     * 發送 get請求
     */ 
    public void get() { 
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
        try { 
            // 建立httpget.   
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com/"); 
            System.out.println("executing request " + httpget.getURI()); 
            // 執行get請求.   
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); 
            try { 
                // 獲取響應實體   
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
                System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
                // 打印響應狀態   
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 
                if (entity != null) { 
                    // 打印響應內容長度   
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); 
                    // 打印響應內容   
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity)); 
                } 
                System.out.println("------------------------------------"); 
            } finally { 
                response.close(); 
            } 
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (ParseException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } finally { 
            // 關閉鏈接,釋放資源   
            try { 
                httpclient.close(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
        } 
    }

post方式

/**
     * 發送 post請求訪問本地應用並根據傳遞參數不一樣返回不一樣結果
     */ 
    public void post() { 
        // 建立默認的httpClient實例.   
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
        // 建立httppost   
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 
        // 建立參數隊列   
        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("type", "house")); 
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; 
        try { 
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); 
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); 
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); 
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 
            try { 
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
                if (entity != null) { 
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); 
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
                } 
            } finally { 
                response.close(); 
            } 
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { 
            e1.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } finally { 
            // 關閉鏈接,釋放資源   
            try { 
                httpclient.close(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
        } 
    }

post方式亂碼補充　

若是有亂碼,能夠償試使用 StringEntity 來替換HttpEntity:

StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二個參數，設置後纔會對，內容進行編碼
        content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
        content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
        httppost.setEntity(content);

具體SOAP協議代碼以下:

package com.isoftstone.core.service.impl;
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Scanner;
 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.EntityBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.jdom.Document;
import org.jdom.Element;
 
import com.isoftstone.core.common.constant.RequestConstants;
import com.isoftstone.core.common.tools.XmlTool;
import com.isoftstone.core.service.intf.ServiceOfStringPara;
/**
 * 德勤訂價系統,由核心主動調用
 * @author King
 *
 */
public class DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl implements ServiceOfStringPara {
    private  String serviceUrl = "http://10.30.0.35:7001/ZSInsUW/Auto/PricingService";
 
    private static Logger log = Logger.getLogger(DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl.class.getName());
 
    public String invoke(String sRequest) {
        
        StringBuffer soapRequestData = new StringBuffer();
        soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Envelope");
        soapRequestData.append("  xmlns:soapenv=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\" ");
        soapRequestData.append("  xmlns:prov=\"http://provider.webservice.zsins.dtt.com/\">");
        soapRequestData.append(" <soapenv:Header/> ");
        soapRequestData.append("<soapenv:Body>");
        soapRequestData.append("<prov:executePrvPricing>");
        soapRequestData.append("<arg0>");
        soapRequestData.append("<![CDATA[" + sRequest + "]]>");
        soapRequestData.append("</arg0>");
        soapRequestData.append("</prov:executePrvPricing>");
        soapRequestData.append(" </soapenv:Body>");
        soapRequestData.append("</soapenv:Envelope>");
 
        HttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost(serviceUrl);
 
        StringEntity content =new StringEntity(soapRequestData.toString(), Charset.forName("UTF-8"));// 第二個參數，設置後纔會對，內容進行編碼
        content.setContentType("application/soap+xml; charset=UTF-8");
        content.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
        httppost.setEntity(content);
        
        //用下面的服務器端以UTF-8接收到的報文會亂碼,緣由未知
//        HttpEntity reqEntity = EntityBuilder.create().setContentType(
//                ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN) // .TEXT_PLAIN
//                .setText(soapRequestData.toString()).build();
//        httppost.setEntity(reqEntity);
//        httppost.addHeader("Content-Type",
//                "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
        HttpResponse response = null;
        Document doc = null;
        String returnXml = null;
        String sentity = null;
        try {
            response = httpclient.execute(httppost);
            HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
            if (resEntity != null) {
                sentity = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, "UTF-8");
                doc = XmlTool.getDocument(sentity, RequestConstants.ENCODE);
                System.out.println(doc.toString());
                Element eRoot = doc.getRootElement();
                Element body = eRoot.getChild("Body", eRoot.getNamespace());
                Element resp = (Element) body.getChildren().get(0);
                Element returnele = resp.getChild("return");
                returnXml = returnele.getText().toString();
            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            log.info("發送給德勤訂價系統的請求報文：\n" + soapRequestData.toString());
            log.info("德勤訂價系統返回的響應報文：\n" + sentity);
            log.info("返回給核心的的報文:\n" + returnXml);
        }
        return returnXml;
    }
    
    
    public String getServiceUrl() {
        return serviceUrl;
    }
 
 
    public void setServiceUrl(String serviceUrl) {
        this.serviceUrl = serviceUrl;
    }
 
 
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        File file = new File("D:/浙商項目資料/z浙江資料/t唐建華/德勤訂價調試報文.txt");
        System.out.println(file.exists());
        
        String temp2 = null;
        StringBuilder sb2 = new StringBuilder();
        InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(file),"GBK");
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
        temp2 = br.readLine();
        
        while( temp2 != null ){
            sb2.append(temp2);
            temp2 = br.readLine();
        }
        String sss = sb2.toString();
//        System.out.println(sss.toString());
        new DeloittePricingSingleCarImpl().invoke(sss);
    }
}

post提交表單

/**
     * post方式提交表單（模擬用戶登陸請求）
     */ 
    public void postForm() { 
        // 建立默認的httpClient實例.   
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
        // 建立httppost   
        HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 
        // 建立參數隊列   
        List<NameValuePair> formparams = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>(); 
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("username", "admin")); 
        formparams.add(new BasicNameValuePair("password", "123456")); 
        UrlEncodedFormEntity uefEntity; 
        try { 
            uefEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(formparams, "UTF-8"); 
            httppost.setEntity(uefEntity); 
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getURI()); 
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 
            try { 
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
                if (entity != null) { 
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
                    System.out.println("Response content: " + EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8")); 
                    System.out.println("--------------------------------------"); 
                } 
            } finally { 
                response.close(); 
            } 
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e1) { 
            e1.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } finally { 
            // 關閉鏈接,釋放資源   
            try { 
                httpclient.close(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
        } 
    }

文件上傳

/**
     * 上傳文件
     */ 
    public void upload() { 
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault(); 
        try { 
            HttpPost httppost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/myDemo/Ajax/serivceFile.action"); 
   
            FileBody bin = new FileBody(new File("F:\\image\\sendpix0.jpg")); 
            StringBody comment = new StringBody("A binary file of some kind", ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN); 
   
            HttpEntity reqEntity = MultipartEntityBuilder.create().addPart("bin", bin).addPart("comment", comment).build(); 
   
            httppost.setEntity(reqEntity); 
   
            System.out.println("executing request " + httppost.getRequestLine()); 
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httppost); 
            try { 
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); 
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity(); 
                if (resEntity != null) { 
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + resEntity.getContentLength()); 
                } 
                EntityUtils.consume(resEntity); 
            } finally { 
                response.close(); 
            } 
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } finally { 
            try { 
                httpclient.close(); 
            } catch (IOException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } 
        } 
    }

ssl鏈接

/**
     * HttpClient鏈接SSL
     */ 
    public void ssl() { 
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null; 
        try { 
            KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType()); 
            FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(new File("d:\\tomcat.keystore")); 
            try { 
                // 加載keyStore d:\\tomcat.keystore   
                trustStore.load(instream, "123456".toCharArray()); 
            } catch (CertificateException e) { 
                e.printStackTrace(); 
            } finally { 
                try { 
                    instream.close(); 
                } catch (Exception ignore) { 
                } 
            } 
            // 相信本身的CA和全部自簽名的證書 
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContexts.custom().loadTrustMaterial(trustStore, new TrustSelfSignedStrategy()).build(); 
            // 只容許使用TLSv1協議 
            SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslcontext, new String[] { "TLSv1" }, null, 
                    SSLConnectionSocketFactory.BROWSER_COMPATIBLE_HOSTNAME_VERIFIER); 
            httpclient = HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build(); 
            // 建立http請求(get方式) 
            HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("https://localhost:8443/myDemo/Ajax/serivceJ.action"); 
            System.out.println("executing request" + httpget.getRequestLine()); 
            CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpget); 
            try { 
                HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); 
                System.out.println("----------------------------------------"); 
                System.out.println(response.getStatusLine()); 
                if (entity != null) { 
                    System.out.println("Response content length: " + entity.getContentLength()); 
                    System.out.println(EntityUtils.toString(entity)); 
                    EntityUtils.consume(entity); 
                } 
            } finally { 
                response.close(); 
            } 
        } catch (ParseException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (IOException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) { 
            e.printStackTrace(); 
        } finally { 
            if (httpclient != null) { 
                try { 
                    httpclient.close(); 
                } catch (IOException e) { 
                    e.printStackTrace(); 
                } 
            } 
        } 
    }

關於RequestConfig的配置:

源自:

http://segmentfault.com/a/1190000000587944

http://blog.csdn.net/walkerjong/article/details/51710945

public void requestConfig(){
//      新建一個RequestConfig：
        RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()
            //1、鏈接目標服務器超時時間：ConnectionTimeout-->指的是鏈接一個url的鏈接等待時間
            .setConnectTimeout(5000)
            //2、讀取目標服務器數據超時時間：SocketTimeout-->指的是鏈接上一個url，獲取response的返回等待時間
            .setSocketTimeout(5000)
            //3、從鏈接池獲取鏈接的超時時間:ConnectionRequestTimeout
            .setConnectionRequestTimeout(5000)
            .build();
         
//      這個超時能夠設置爲客戶端級別,做爲全部請求的默認值：
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
            .setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig)
            .build();
//       httpclient.execute(httppost);的時候可讓httppost直接享受到httpclient中的默認配置.
         
//      Request不會繼承客戶端級別的請求配置，因此在自定義Request的時候，須要將客戶端的默認配置拷貝過去：
        HttpGet httpget = new HttpGet("http://www.apache.org/");
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.copy(defaultRequestConfig)
            .setProxy(new HttpHost("myotherproxy", 8080))
            .build();
        httpget.setConfig(requestConfig);
//      httpget能夠單獨地使用新copy的requestConfig請求配置,不會對別的request請求產生影響
    }

httpGet或httpPost 的abort()和releaseConnection()差別

//httpPost.abort();//中斷請求,接下來能夠開始另外一段請求,因此我的理應,用這個應該能夠在session中虛擬登陸
 //httpPost.releaseConnection();//釋放請求.若是釋放了至關於要清空session

根因此上差別,可知模擬登陸能夠以下: 源自 http://bbs.csdn.net/topics/390195343

package com.bms.core;
   
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
   
import org.apache.http.Consts;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
   
import com.bms.util.CommonUtil;
   
public class Test2 {
   
    /**
     * @param args
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ClientProtocolException
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
        DefaultHttpClient httpclient = new DefaultHttpClient();
   
         HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
         String body = "";
         HttpResponse response;
         HttpEntity entity;
         response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
         entity = response.getEntity();
         body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);//這個就是頁面源碼了
         httpGet.abort();//中斷請求,接下來能夠開始另外一段請求
         System.out.println(body);
         //httpGet.releaseConnection();//釋放請求.若是釋放了至關於要清空session
         //如下是post方法
         HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com");//必定要改爲能夠提交的地址,這裏用百度代替
         List <NameValuePair> nvps = new ArrayList <NameValuePair>();
         nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "1"));//名值對
         nvps.add(new BasicNameValuePair("account", "xxxx"));
         httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nvps, Consts.UTF_8));
         response = httpclient.execute(httpPost);
         entity = response.getEntity();
         body = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
         System.out.println("Login form get: " + response.getStatusLine());//這個能夠打印狀態
         httpPost.abort();
         System.out.println(body);
         httpPost.releaseConnection();
    }
   
}

源自 http://blog.csdn.net/wangpeng047/article/details/19624529#reply

HttpClient 4.3教程

個人源碼

httpclient異常狀況分析

我項目中用到的HttpClientUtil (2016/12/17)

package com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
import com.isoftstone.pcis.isc.util.ProperUtil;
 
public class HttpClientUtil {
    
    private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null; 
    
    static final int maxTotal=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("maxTotal")).intValue();//總最大鏈接數
    static final int defaultMaxPerRoute=Integer.valueOf(ProperUtil.get("corePoolSize")).intValue();//每條線路最大鏈接數 = 本系統核心線程數 , 這樣永遠不會超過最大鏈接
    
     public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
            
            if (null == httpclient) {
                synchronized (HttpClientUtil.class) {
                    if (null == httpclient) {
                        httpclient = getNewHttpClient();
                    }
                }
            }
            
            return httpclient;
        }
     
       private static CloseableHttpClient getNewHttpClient() {
 
          
            // 設置鏈接池
            ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
            LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
            Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
            PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
            // 配置最大鏈接數
            cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
            // 配置每條線路的最大鏈接數
            cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);
            
            // 請求重試處理
            HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
                @Override
                public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception,
                        int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
                    if (executionCount >= 2) {// 若是已經重試了2次，就放棄
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 若是服務器丟掉了鏈接，那麼就重試
                        return true;
                    }
                    if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重試SSL握手異常
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超時
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目標服務器不可達
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 鏈接被拒絕
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手異常
                        return false;
                    }
 
                    HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
                    HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
                    
                    if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
                        return true;
                    }
                    return false;
                }
 
            };
            
            CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient=null;
        
                newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom()
                                           .setConnectionManager(cm)
//                                           .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig)
                                           .setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler)
                                           .build();
                
             return newHttpclient;
       }
}

我本身整理的HttpClientTool (2017/06/01)

package com.isoftstone.core.util;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InterruptedIOException;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException;
 
import org.apache.http.HttpEntityEnclosingRequest;
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.HttpRequest;
import org.apache.http.NoHttpResponseException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpRequestRetryHandler;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.config.Registry;
import org.apache.http.config.RegistryBuilder;
import org.apache.http.conn.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.http.conn.routing.HttpRoute;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.ConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.LayeredConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.socket.PlainConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLConnectionSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.protocol.HttpContext;
 
/**
 * org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient連接池生成工具
 * @reference http://www.cnblogs.com/whatlonelytear/articles/4835538.html
 * @author King
 * @date 20170601
 */
public class HttpClientTool {
 
    // org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient
    private static CloseableHttpClient httpclient = null;
 
    // 這裏就直接默認固定了,由於如下三個參數在新建的method中仍然能夠從新配置並被覆蓋.
    static final int connectionRequestTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,從池中獲取連接超時時間
    static final int connectTimeout = 5000;// ms毫秒,創建連接超時時間
    static final int socketTimeout = 30000;// ms毫秒,讀取超時時間
 
    // 總配置,主要涉及是如下兩個參數,若是要做調整沒有用到properties會比較後麻煩,但鑑於一經粘貼,隨處可用的特色,就再也不作依賴性配置化處理了.
    // 並且這個參數同一家公司基本不會變更.
    static final int maxTotal = 500;// 最大總併發,很重要的參數
    static final int maxPerRoute = 100;// 每路併發,很重要的參數
 
    // 正常狀況這裏應該配成MAP或LIST
    // 細化配置參數,用來對每路參數作精細化處理,能夠管控各ip的流量,好比默認配置請求baidu:80端口最大100個併發連接,
    static final String detailHostName = "http://www.baidu.com";// 每一個細化配置之ip(不重要,在特殊場景頗有用)
    static final int detailPort = 80;// 每一個細化配置之port(不重要,在特殊場景頗有用)
    static final int detailMaxPerRoute = 100;// 每一個細化配置之最大併發數(不重要,在特殊場景頗有用)
 
    public static CloseableHttpClient getHttpClient() {
        if (null == httpclient) {
            synchronized (HttpClientTool.class) {
                if (null == httpclient) {
                    httpclient = init();
                }
            }
        }
        return httpclient;
    }
 
    /**
     * 連接池初始化 這裏最重要的一點理解就是. 讓CloseableHttpClient 一直活在池的世界裏, 可是HttpPost卻一直用完就消掉.
     * 這樣可讓連接一直保持着.
     * 
     * @return
     */
    private static CloseableHttpClient init() {
        CloseableHttpClient newHttpclient = null;
 
        // 設置鏈接池
        ConnectionSocketFactory plainsf = PlainConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
        LayeredConnectionSocketFactory sslsf = SSLConnectionSocketFactory.getSocketFactory();
        Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> registry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory> create().register("http", plainsf).register("https", sslsf).build();
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(registry);
        // 將最大鏈接數增長
        cm.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
        // 將每一個路由基礎的鏈接增長
        cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(maxPerRoute);
 
        // 細化配置開始,其實這裏用Map或List的for循環來配置每一個連接,在特殊場景頗有用.
        // 將每一個路由基礎的鏈接作特殊化配置,通常用不着
        HttpHost httpHost = new HttpHost(detailHostName, detailPort);
        // 將目標主機的最大鏈接數增長
        cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost), detailMaxPerRoute);
        // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost2),
        // detailMaxPerRoute2);//能夠有細化配置2
        // cm.setMaxPerRoute(new HttpRoute(httpHost3),
        // detailMaxPerRoute3);//能夠有細化配置3
        // 細化配置結束
 
        // 請求重試處理
        HttpRequestRetryHandler httpRequestRetryHandler = new HttpRequestRetryHandler() {
            @Override
            public boolean retryRequest(IOException exception, int executionCount, HttpContext context) {
                if (executionCount >= 2) {// 若是已經重試了2次，就放棄
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof NoHttpResponseException) {// 若是服務器丟掉了鏈接，那麼就重試
                    return true;
                }
                if (exception instanceof SSLHandshakeException) {// 不要重試SSL握手異常
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof InterruptedIOException) {// 超時
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof UnknownHostException) {// 目標服務器不可達
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof ConnectTimeoutException) {// 鏈接被拒絕
                    return false;
                }
                if (exception instanceof SSLException) {// SSL握手異常
                    return false;
                }
 
                HttpClientContext clientContext = HttpClientContext.adapt(context);
                HttpRequest request = clientContext.getRequest();
                // 若是請求是冪等的，就再次嘗試
                if (!(request instanceof HttpEntityEnclosingRequest)) {
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        // 配置請求的超時設置
        RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout).setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout).build();
        newHttpclient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).setRetryHandler(httpRequestRetryHandler).build();
        return newHttpclient;
    }
}