我的總結OLinux上安裝oracle11G Data Guard

時間 2019-11-08

標籤我的總結 olinux 安裝 oracle11g oracle data guard 欄目 Oracle 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、準備環境html

一、swap要求java

swap最好設置3G以上，若是安裝過程當中報swap不足，可參考：
https://www.jianshu.com/p/46635a12c8d0

二、官網必須安裝包列表：linux

binutils-2.20.51.0.2-5.11.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1-1.10-1 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-69.el6.i686
gcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
gcc-c++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (i686)
glibc-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6 (x86_64)
glibc-devel-2.12-1.7.el6.i686
ksh
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (i686)
libgcc-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel-4.4.4-13.el6.i686
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6 (x86_64)
libaio-devel-0.3.107-10.el6.i686
make-3.81-19.el6
sysstat-9.0.4-11.el6 (x86_64)

Centos6

binutils-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7.x86_64 
compat-libcap1-1.10-3.el7.x86_64 
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.i686
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-71.el7.x86_64
gcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
gcc-c++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.i686 
glibc-devel-2.17-36.el7.x86_64 
ksh
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.i686 
libaio-devel-0.3.109-9.el7.x86_64 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libgcc-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.i686 
libstdc++-devel-4.8.2-3.el7.x86_64 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.i686 
libXi-1.7.2-1.el7.x86_64 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.i686 
libXtst-1.2.2-1.el7.x86_64 
make-3.82-19.el7.x86_64 
sysstat-10.1.5-1.el7.x86_64

centos7

詳細信息參考官網：c++

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#BABCFJFG數據庫

本例子採用Oracle Linux自帶的預裝包實現：centos

詳細參考：bash

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1091

2.1.5 Installing the Oracle Preinstallation RPM or Oracle Validated RPM with ULN Support

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操做系統安裝後，使用oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall包準備環境網絡

https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1091

Start a terminal session and enter the following command as root, depending on your platform.

Oracle Linux 6:

# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall
Oracle Linux 5 or Oracle Linux 4:

# yum install oracle-validated
You should see output indicating that you have subscribed to the Oracle Linux channel, and that packages are being installed. For example:

el5_u6_i386_base
el5_u6_x86_64_patch
Oracle Linux automatically creates a standard (not role-allocated) Oracle installation owner and groups, and sets up other kernel configuration settings as required for Oracle installations.

預裝包說明

選擇對應6.5的版本，使enable=1session

[root@Oracle-A ~]# vi /etc/yum
yum/         yum.conf     yum.repos.d/ 

[root@Oracle-A ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo 
[public_ol6_latest]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[public_ol6_ga_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever GA installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/0/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[public_ol6_u1_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 1 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/1/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[public_ol6_u2_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 2 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/2/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[public_ol6_u3_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 3 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/3/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[public_ol6_u4_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 4 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/4/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0

[public_ol6_u5_base]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Update 5 installation media copy ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/5/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1

[public_ol6_UEK_latest]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=$uek

[public_ol6_UEKR3_latest]
name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 3 for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEKR3/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=$uekr3

[public_ol6_UEK_base]
name=Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL6/UEK/base/$basearch/
gpgkey=http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol6
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
~
"/etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol6.repo" 69L, 2545C written

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[root@Oracle-A ~]# yum install oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall

校驗結果：oracle

[root@oel63 ~]# cd /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/results/
[root@oel63 results]# ls
orakernel.log
[root@oel63 results]# more orakernel.log
Adding group oinstall with gid 54321
Adding group dba
Adding user oracle with user id 54321, initial login group oinstall, supplementary group dba and  home directory /home/oracle
Changing ownership of /home/oracle to oracle:oinstall
Please set password for oracle user
uid=54321(oracle) gid=54321(oinstall) groups=54321(oinstall),54322(dba)
Creating oracle user passed

Verifying  kernel parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding fs.file-max = 6815744 
Adding kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
Adding kernel.shmmni = 4096 
kernel.shmall is higher than preinstall config.
kernel.shmall = 4294967296
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104
Changing kernel.shmmax to match preinstall config
Adding net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
Adding net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
Adding net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
Adding net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 
Adding fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 
Adding net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 
Setting kernel parameters as per oracle recommendations...
Altered file /etc/sysctl.conf
Original file backed up at /etc/sysctl.conf.orabackup
Verifying & setting of kernel parameters passed

Setting user limits using /etc/security/limits.conf

Verifying oracle user OS limits as per Oracle recommendations...
Adding oracle soft nofile  1024
Adding oracle hard nofile  65536
  .............

Setting kernel boot parameters as per Oracle recommendations...
Boot parameters will be effected on next reboot
Altered file /boot/grub/grub.conf
Original file backed up at /boot/grub/grub.conf.orabackup
Verifying & setting of boot parameters passed

Disabling Transparent Hugepages. 
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1

Disabling defrag. 
Refer Oracle Note:1557478.1

Taking a backup of old config files under /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup/May-16-2014-14-53-37 
#最後一句給出了相關的備份信息 

#下面是查看備份文件
[root@oel63 results]# cd /var/log/oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall/backup
[root@oel63 backup]# ls
May-16-2014-14-53-37
[root@oel63 backup]# cd May-16-2014-14-53-37/
[root@oel63 May-16-2014-14-53-37]# ls
grub.conf  limits.conf  orakernel.log  sysctl.conf

#校驗Oracle用戶，注，須要爲Oracle用戶修改密碼，此處省略
[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/passwd |grep oracle
oracle:x:54321:54321::/home/oracle:/bin/bash
[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/group |grep dba      
dba:x:54322:oracle
[root@oel63 ~]# cat /etc/group |grep oinstall
oinstall:x:54321:

參考連接:

How I Simplified Oracle Database 12c and 11g Installations on Oracle Linux 6

How I Simplified Oracle Database Installation on Oracle Linux 5

Oracle 11g 在RedHat Linux 5.8_x64平臺的安裝手冊 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104745.htm

Linux-6-64下安裝Oracle 12C筆記 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-07/86805.htm

在CentOS 6.4下安裝Oracle 11gR2(x64) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-02/97374.htm

Oracle 11gR2 在VMWare虛擬機中安裝步驟 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2013-09/89579p2.htm

Debian 下安裝 Oracle 11g XE R2 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-03/98881.htm

更多Oracle相關信息見Oracle 專題頁面 http://www.linuxidc.com/topicnews.aspx?tid=12

本文永久更新連接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-09/106127.htm

2、安裝數據庫軟件

建立所需目錄：

Oracle Base Directory:
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle

Oracle Inventory Directory:
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory

Oracle Home Directory:
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

可選：
Direcotories for Oracle DATA or Recovery Files:
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/oradata
[root@Oracle-A /]# mkdir -p /u01/fast_recovery_area
本例中使用默認的$oracle_base/flash_recovery_area

Software Installation Directories
You must specify the directory in which the Oracle Database software is installed, or the location where the product binary files are copied from the installation media. You must choose a location that has enough disk space to contain the software and is accessible by the operating system user performing the installation.

You also specify the location of the Oracle base directory, which is used by all Oracle software products installed on the server. The first time you install Oracle Database software on a server, you are prompted to specify the location of the inventory directory, called oraInventory. This directory provides a centralized inventory of all Oracle software products installed on the server. You should use the same value for the Oracle inventory directory each time you perform an Oracle software installation on the server.

文檔中的目錄說明

修改目錄屬性：

chown -R oracle.oinstalll /u01

修改環境變動

# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile  #添加以下內容

ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle;
export ORACLE_BASE
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1;
export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=orcl;
export ORACLE_SID
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib;
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$HOME/bin;
export PATH

修改/etc/hosts文件

[root@Oracle-A tmp]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.56.201 Oracle-A

上傳安裝文件

[root@Oracle-A tmp]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
[root@Oracle-A tmp]# unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
[root@Oracle-A tmp]# xhost +
[root@Oracle-A tmp]$ export DISPLAY=192.168.56.1:0.0
[oracle@Oracle-A 11.2.0]$ cd /tmp/database/

配置xmanager

設置好鏈接後，在命令輸入以下內容：

/usr/bin/xterm -ls -display $DISPLAY

用Xstart命令行中啓動安裝程序

成功後，調用出安裝界面，忘記修改/etc/hosts/時，會報以下圖的錯誤

安裝過程，本例先安裝軟件，再建立數據庫。

開始進行安裝。

最後運行兩個腳本

VirtualBox克隆另外一臺虛擬機

複製時候，選擇從新初始化全部MAC地址

配置從庫的主機信息。

刪除UUID

若是網絡不通，能夠採起如下兩種方法，我用的第1種，直接刪除：

解決辦法：
經過查看新VM的文件/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules，發現多了幾個網卡接口，咱們每更新一次網卡MAC地址，都只會在該文件內追加信息。咱們有兩種方法解決該問題：
1. 刪除70-persistent-net.rules文件，重啓；
2. 咱們只需按照新VM的設置信息將70-persistent-net.rules文件內的多餘網卡去掉，而後將正確MAC地址那一行改成對應於eth0便可，而後重啓；

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主庫上建立數據庫，發現不認dbca命令

oracle@edrsr12p1 Desktop]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [orcl] ? orcl 
ORACLE_HOME = [/home/oracle] ? /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
[oracle@edrsr12p1 Desktop]$ dbca

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修改Standby的環境變量

修改後正常：

字符集選擇時，要慎重。

建立監聽：

$netca,第一個listener一路回車便可。

SQL> desc v$instance;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 INSTANCE_NUMBER                                    NUMBER
 INSTANCE_NAME                                      VARCHAR2(16)
 HOST_NAME                                          VARCHAR2(64)
 VERSION                                            VARCHAR2(17)
 STARTUP_TIME                                       DATE
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(12)
 PARALLEL                                           VARCHAR2(3)
 THREAD#                                            NUMBER
 ARCHIVER                                           VARCHAR2(7)
 LOG_SWITCH_WAIT                                    VARCHAR2(15)
 LOGINS                                             VARCHAR2(10)
 SHUTDOWN_PENDING                                   VARCHAR2(3)
 DATABASE_STATUS                                    VARCHAR2(17)
 INSTANCE_ROLE                                      VARCHAR2(18)
 ACTIVE_STATE                                       VARCHAR2(9)
 BLOCKED                                            VARCHAR2(3)

SQL> select instance_name from v$instance;

INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl

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完成安裝後，開始安裝物理DATAGuard，先調整主庫

一、Enable force logging

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FOR
---
YES

二、查詢當前日誌組和文件分佈並建立轉化爲備庫時使用的redo log文件，要求Standby redo log的組數要多於online redo log，而且兩者的日誌文件大小相同。

SQL> col member format a50
SQL> select group#,member from v$logfile;

    GROUP# MEMBER
---------- --------------------------------------------------
         3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
         2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
         1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log

SQL> select group#,bytes/(1024*1024) from v$log;

GROUP# BYTES/(1024*1024)
---------- -----------------
1 50
2 50
3 50

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 4 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo04.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 5 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo05.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 6 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo06.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 7 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo07.log' size 50m;

Database altered.

查看一下當前的redo log

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo04.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo05.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo06.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/std_redo07.log

注：Standby redo log 的組數參考公式：(online redolog級數+1)*數據庫線程數，RAC線程爲2.

Standby redolog的組成員數和大小也儘可能和online redo同樣。

設置主庫初始化參數

SQL> create pfile from spfile;

File created.

SQL> !
[oracle@Oracle-A bin]$ ls -l $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
total 24
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jun 23 14:54 hc_orcl.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15  2009 init.ora
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 938 Jun 23 15:43 initorcl.ora #新建立的 -rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   24 Jun 23 14:52 lkORCL
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1536 Jun 23 14:54 orapworcl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2560 Jun 23 14:55 spfileorcl.ora

編輯這個生成的初始化參數文件

查看歸檔的路徑：

Oracle11g版本，ORACLE默認的日誌歸檔路徑爲閃回恢復區（$ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area）。對於這個路徑，Oracle有一個限制，就是默認只有4G的空間，並且不僅是歸檔日誌的默認路徑，也是備份文件和閃回日誌的默認地址，這樣的話歸檔日誌鎖使用的空間就達不到4G，在沒有設置好這個路徑大小的狀況下，不少系統都遇到過歸檔日誌滿而沒法歸檔致使數據庫夯住的問題。

歸檔路徑說明

SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode              Archive Mode
Automatic archival             Enabled
Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     1
Next log sequence to archive   3
Current log sequence           3

這裏能夠看到Archive destination的值爲USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST，能夠理解爲USE(使用)DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST這個路徑

查看DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST路徑

SQL> show parameter db_recovery;

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest                string      /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer 4182M

下面的參數是空的

SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;

NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_1 string
log_archive_dest_10 string
log_archive_dest_11 string
log_archive_dest_12 string
log_archive_dest_13 string
log_archive_dest_14 string
log_archive_dest_15 string
log_archive_dest_16 string
log_archive_dest_17 string
log_archive_dest_18 string
log_archive_dest_19 string

由上能夠很清楚的看到DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST路徑參數的值默認爲/u01/oracle/fast_recovery_area，而且Oracle設置的大小爲4G。
默認狀況下，歸檔日誌會存放到閃回恢復區（$ORACLE_BASE/fast_recovery_area）內，若是閃回恢復區已經使用到4G，歸檔日誌就有可能沒法繼續歸檔，數據庫夯住。

具體參考：https://blog.csdn.net/u011364306/article/details/49276717

vi /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora

如下爲增長內容:

db_unique_name=orcl
log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orclstdby)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl'
log_archive_dest_2='service=orclstdby lgwro async valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=orclstdby' #lgwro async選一
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_stat_2=enable
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
fal_server=orclstdby
fal_client=orcl
standby_file_management=auto
standby_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'

比原文少了建立相關archive log的目錄，這裏臨時使用默認路徑，有問題，後面再修改。

shutdown 實例

SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

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測試一下參數文件：

SQL> startup pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

再shutdown實例

啓動到mount狀態：

SQL> startup mount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorcl.ora';

[oracle@Oracle-A ~]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Mon Jun 25 15:35:31 2018

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1507351096, not open)

RMAN>

編輯standby數據庫參數文件

[oracle@Oracle-A dbs]$ scp initorcl.ora oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorclstdby.ora

$vi initorclstdby.ora

[oracle@Oracle-B dbs]$ vi initorclstdby.ora
fal_server=orclstdby
fal_client=orcl
orcl.__db_cache_size=352321536
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=8388608
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=335544320
orcl.__sga_target=503316480
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=125829120
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.4.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orclstdby/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4385144832
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=838860800
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
db_unique_name=orclstdby
log_archive_config='dg_config=(orcl,orclstdby)'
log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orclstdby'
log_archive_dest_2='service=orcl async
valid_for=(online_logfiles,primary_roles) db_unique_name=orcl'
log_archive_dest_state_1=enable
log_archive_dest_state_2=enable
db_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby'
log_file_name_convert='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby'
fal_server=orcl
standby_file_management=auto
standby_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area'

在主庫上建立備庫的控制文件

SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclstdby01.ctl';

在備庫上建立對應目錄，如backup、歸檔目錄，本例爲閃回下，control文件存放目錄，並將相應文件複製過去

cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/
mkdir -p orclstdby

scp initorcl.ora oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorclstdby.ora
scp /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/orclstdby01.ctl oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/
scp orapworcl oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
[oracle@Oracle-A dbs]$ scp -r /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orclstdby/

通過一系列的目錄對比、複製文件、修改參數文件後，終於能夠把備庫啓動到Mount狀態

對備庫的參數文件再次修改，控制文件名的名稱，不符合：

*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/orclstdby/orclstdby02.ctl'

SQL> startup mount pfile='/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initorclstdby.ora';

ORA-32006: STANDBY_ARCHIVE_DEST initialization parameter has been deprecated
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 536874064 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
Database mounted.

建立主庫和備庫的監聽，可用圖形界面或直接編輯listener.ora

編輯Net service names,主庫和備份庫複製便可，監聽也折騰了一段時間，圖形建立的能夠，而手工編輯按文檔的不行，後用圖形配置後，進行了些更改，OK!

主庫的監聽配置文件
$cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin

[oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)

ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle

備庫的listener.ora

[oracle@Oracle-B admin]$ cat listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orclstdby)
(SID_NAME = orclstdby)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
)
)

LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))
)
)

編輯tnsnames.ora

[oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ cat tnsnames.ora 
orcl =
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (address = (protocol=tcp)(host = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521))
    (connect_data =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
   )

orclstdby =
  (DESCRIPTION=
    (address = (protocol=tcp)(host = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521))
    (connect_data =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orclstdby)
    )
   )

複製至備庫

[oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ scp tnsnames.ora oracle@192.168.56.202:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin

[oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ lsnrctl stop

oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2018 21:42:02

Starting /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1//bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
System parameter file is /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/Oracle-A/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Oracle-A)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=Oracle-A)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
Start Date 26-JUN-2018 21:42:05
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/Oracle-A/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=Oracle-A)(PORT=1521)))
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully

備庫也啓動lsnrctl start

TNSPing測試一下，在主庫備庫分別操做

oracle@Oracle-A admin]$ tnsping orclstdby

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2018 21:42:48

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (address = (protocol=tcp)(host = 192.168.56.202)(PORT = 1521)) (connect_data = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orclstdby)))
OK (0 msec)

[oracle@Oracle-B admin]$ tnsping orcl

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 26-JUN-2018 21:46:47

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION= (address = (protocol=tcp)(host = 192.168.56.201)(PORT = 1521)) (connect_data = (SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)))
OK (0 msec)

停掉備庫監聽

在備庫建立spfile

SQL> conn / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> create spfile from pfile

File created.

SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 536874064 bytes
Database Buffers 289406976 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
SQL> alter database mount standby database;

Database altered.

在備庫恢復主庫備份的數據

[oracle@Oracle-B dbs]$ rman target /

RMAN> restore database;

Starting restore at 26-JUN-18
Starting implicit crosscheck backup at 26-JUN-18
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=134 device type=DISK
Crosschecked 4 objects
Finished implicit crosscheck backup at 26-JUN-18

Starting implicit crosscheck copy at 26-JUN-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
Finished implicit crosscheck copy at 26-JUN-18

searching for all files in the recovery area
cataloging files...
no files cataloged

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/example01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180625T173322_fm1fq2md_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_25/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20180625T173322_fm1fq2md_.bkp tag=TAG20180625T173322
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore com

RMAN> restore archivelog all;

Starting restore at 26-JUN-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting archived log restore to default destination
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=3
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=4
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=5
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=6
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=7
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring archived log
archived log thread=1 sequence=8
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20180625T174228_fm1g84xw_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2018_06_25/o1_mf_annnn_TAG20180625T174228_fm1g84xw_.bkp tag=TAG20180625T174228
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished restore at 26-JUN-18

備庫準備接收Redo log

SQL> alter database drop standby logfile group 4;

Database altered.

SQL>  alter database drop standby logfile group 5;

Database altered.

SQL>  alter database drop standby logfile group 6;

Database altered.

SQL>  alter database drop standby logfile group 7;

Database altered.

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

SQL> alter database add standby logfile
2 group 4 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo04.log') size 50m,
3 group 5 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo05.log') size 50m,
4 group 6 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo06.log') size 50m,
5 group 7 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo07.log') size 50m;

Database altered.

SQL> select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo03.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo02.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/redo01.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo04.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo05.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo06.log
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orclstdby/orclstdby_redo07.log

檢查主備庫監聽狀態

打開主庫

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

View Code

打開備庫並應用redo

SQL> select open_mode from v$database;

OPEN_MODE
--------------------
MOUNTED

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

Database altered.

檢查後有錯誤，參數文件可能須要修改後面繼續。

Dataguard運行狀態檢查：

檢查生產端:
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PRIMARY
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
            18
SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest where dest_id=1 or dest_id=2;
DEST_NAME                      STATUS    ERROR
------------------------------ --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1             VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2             ERROR     ORA-16191: Primary log shipping client not logged on standby
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2                   string      SERVICE=standby arch ASYNC VAL
                                                 ID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMAR
                                                 Y_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl
                                                 
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_state_2
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_state_2             string      ENABLE
SQL> show parameter remote_login_passwordfile
NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile            string      EXCLUSIVE
經查，參數配置均沒問題
檢查DG端；
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
            13

主庫進程檢查，應有lns進程：

SQL> select process from v$managed_standby;

PROCESS
---------
ARCH
ARCH
ARCH
ARCH
LNS


備庫進程檢查：            
SQL> select process,pid,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS          PID STATUS
--------- ---------- ------------
ARCH            2400 CONNECTED
ARCH            2402 CONNECTED
ARCH            2404 CONNECTED
ARCH            2406 CONNECTED                                                                                         
未發現RFS進程
查alert日誌
[oracle@primary trace]$ tail -f alert_orcl.log |more
      returning error ORA-16191
------------------------------------------------------------
Wed Aug 05 16:43:54 2015
Error 1017 received logging on to the standby
------------------------------------------------------------
Check that the primary and standby are using a password file
and remote_login_passwordfile is set to SHARED or EXCLUSIVE, 
and that the SYS password is same in the password files.
      returning error ORA-16191
------------------------------------------------------------
remote_login_passwordfile參數配置，經查沒問題
問題估計在密碼文件這塊，當初搭建DG時，在主備兩端經過 orapwd file=orapworcl password=oracle 生成
現將DG端密碼文件刪掉，從生產端scp密碼文件到DG端，問題解決
[oracle@standby dbs]$ rm -rf orapworcl 
[oracle@primary dbs]$ scp orapworcl oracle@192.168.186.88:/u01/app/base/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/
oracle@192.168.186.88's password: 
orapworcl                                                                                                                         100% 1536     1.5KB/s   00:00
驗證生產端：
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PRIMARY
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = DEFER scope=both; 
System altered.
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_state_2 = ENABLE scope=both;
System altered.
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
            20
            
SQL> select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest where dest_id=1 or dest_id=2;
DEST_NAME                      STATUS    ERROR
------------------------------ --------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1             VALID
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2             VALID
驗證DG端：
SQL> select database_role from v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE
----------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;
MAX(SEQUENCE#)
--------------
            20
SQL> select process,pid,status from v$managed_standby;
PROCESS          PID STATUS
--------- ---------- ------------
ARCH            2400 CONNECTED
ARCH            2402 CONNECTED
ARCH            2404 CONNECTED
ARCH            2406 CONNECTED
RFS             2611 IDLE
RFS             2613 IDLE
RFS             2615 IDLE
7 rows selected.
RFS進程正常，歸檔日誌已經同步

若是進程有問題:

不存在的話，查看oracle alert.log日誌，查看日誌是否報錯。若是日誌沒有報錯，執行以下腳本

在主庫和備庫均執行

alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE;

做者：如有所思11
連接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/c96b73f8df80
來源：簡書
簡書著做權歸做者全部，任何形式的轉載都請聯繫做者得到受權並註明出處。

View Code

從我這邊實際狀況看，把複製過來的orapworcl複製一個備庫的實例名的密碼文件，故障排除。

cp /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworcl /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/orapworclstdby

校驗命令：

SELECT STATUS, GAP_STATUS FROM V$ARCHIVE_DEST_STATUS WHERE DEST_ID = 2;

角色切換

Data Guard provides the V$DATAGUARD_STATS view that can be used to evaluate each standby database in terms of the currency of the data in the standby database, and the time it will take to perform a role transition if all available redo data is applied to the standby database. For example:

SQL> COLUMN NAME FORMAT A24
SQL> COLUMN VALUE FORMAT A16     
SQL> COLUMN DATUM_TIME FORMAT A24
SQL> SELECT NAME, VALUE, DATUM_TIME FROM V$DATAGUARD_STATS;
 
NAME                     VALUE            DATUM_TIME
------------------------ ---------------- ------------------------
transport lag            +00 00:00:00     06/18/2009 12:22:06
apply lag                +00 00:00:00     06/18/2009 12:22:06
apply finish time        +00 00:00:00.000
estimated startup time   9

This query output shows that the standby database has received and applied all redo generated by the primary database. These statistics were computed using data received from the primary database as of 12:22.06 on 06/18/09.

If a standby database currently running in maximum protection mode will be involved in the fail over, first place it in maxi mum performance mode by issuing the following statement on the standby database:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE SET STANDBY DATABASE TO MAXIMIZE PERFORMANCE;

Query the SWITCHOVER_STATUS column of the V$DATABASE view on the primary database.For example:

SQL> SELECT SWITCHOVER_STATUS FROM V$DATABASE;

SWITCHOVER_STATUS 
 ----------------- 
 TO STANDBY 
 1 row selected

Issue the following SQL statement on the target physical standby database:

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY WITH SESSION SHUTDOWN;

Open the new primary database.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE OPEN;

Start Redo Apply on the new physical standby database.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE  DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

Restart Redo Apply if it has stopped at any of the other physical standby databases in your Data Guard configuration.

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE USING CURRENT LOGFILE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION;

故障處理一

ORA-02253:an incompatible media recovery is active

天在standby 數據庫上執行

alter database  recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 

報以下錯誤：

ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01153: an incompatible media recovery is active

從字面意思理解應該是「存在一個不兼容的介質恢復」。

仔細檢查發現上面已經執行過一次

alter database  recover managed standby database disconnect from session; 

猜測應該是重複啓用日誌應用所致。故取消應用

alter database recover managed standby database cancel;

從新開啓應用

alter database  recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session; 

問題解決，沒有報錯。