SpringCloud系列第05節之服務消費Ribbon和Feign

Ribbon

Ribbon 是一個基於 HTTP 和 TCP 客戶端的負載均衡器java

它能夠在客戶端配置 ribbonServerList(服務端列表),而後輪詢請求以實現均衡負載git

它在聯合 Eureka 使用時github

ribbonServerList 會被 DiscoveryEnabledNIWSServerList 重寫,擴展成從 Eureka 註冊中心獲取服務端列表web

同時它也會用 NIWSDiscoveryPing 來取代 IPing,它將職責委託給 Eureka 來肯定服務端是否已經啓動spring

Feign

Spring Cloud Netflix 的微服務都是以 HTTP 接口的形式暴露的,因此能夠用 Apache 的 HttpClient 或 Spring 的 RestTemplate 去調用apache

而 Feign 是一個使用起來更加方便的 HTTP 客戶端,它用起來就好像調用本地方法一樣,徹底感覺不到是調用的遠程方法瀏覽器

總結起來就是:發佈到註冊中心的服務方接口,是 HTTP 的,也能夠不用 Ribbon 或者 Feign,直接瀏覽器同樣可以訪問app

只不過 Ribbon 或者 Feign 調用起來要方便一些,最重要的是:它倆都支持軟負載均衡負載均衡

注意:spring-cloud-starter-feign 裏面已經包含了 spring-cloud-starter-ribbon(Feign 中也使用了 Ribbon)maven

示例代碼

示例代碼以下(也能夠直接從 Github 下載:https://github.com/v5java/demo-cloud-05-ribbon-feign

它是由五個模塊組成的 Maven 工程,其中包含一個註冊中心、兩個服務提供者、兩個服務消費者(分別由Ribbon和Feign實現)

這是公共的 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.jadyer.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo-cloud-05</artifactId>
    <version>1.1</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <modules>
        <module>service-client-01</module>
        <module>service-client-02</module>
        <module>service-discovery</module>
        <module>service-server-01</module>
        <module>service-server-02</module>
    </modules>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>1.4.5.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Camden.SR6</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.5.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
</project>

註冊中心

這是註冊中心的 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.jadyer.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo-cloud-05</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>service-discovery</artifactId>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka-server</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

這是註冊中心的配置文件 /src/main/resources/application.yml

server:
  port: 1100

eureka:
  server:
    enable-self-preservation: false       # 關閉自我保護模式(缺省爲打開)
    eviction-interval-timer-in-ms: 1000   # 續期時間,即掃描失效服務的間隔時間(缺省爲60*1000ms)
  client:
    # 設置是否從註冊中心獲取註冊信息(缺省true)
    # 由於這是一個單點的EurekaServer,不須要同步其它EurekaServer節點的數據,故設爲false
    fetch-registry: false
    # 設置是否將本身做爲客戶端註冊到註冊中心(缺省true)
    # 這裏爲不須要(查看@EnableEurekaServer註解的源碼,會發現它間接用到了@EnableDiscoveryClient)
    register-with-eureka: false
    # 在未設置defaultZone的狀況下,註冊中心在本例中的默認地址就是http://127.0.0.1:1100/eureka/
    # 但奇怪的是,啓動註冊中心時,控制檯仍是會打印這個地址的節點:http://localhost:8761/eureka/
    # 而實際服務端註冊時,要使用1100端口的才能註冊成功,8761端口的會註冊失敗並報告異常
    serviceUrl:
      # 實際測試:若修改尾部的eureka爲其它的,好比/myeureka,註冊中心啓動沒問題,但服務端在註冊時會失敗
      # 報告異常:com.netflix.discovery.shared.transport.TransportException: Cannot execute request on any known server
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:${server.port}/eureka/

這是註冊中心的 SpringBoot 啓動類 ServiceDiscoveryBootStrap.java

package com.jadyer.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer;

//建立服務註冊中心
@EnableEurekaServer
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceDiscoveryBootStrap {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceDiscoveryBootStrap.class, args);
    }
}

服務提供方01

這是第一個服務提供方的 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.jadyer.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo-cloud-05</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>service-server-01</artifactId>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

這是第一個服務提供方的配置文件 /src/main/resources/application.yml

server:
  port: 2100

spring:
  application:
    name: CalculatorServer                        # 指定發佈的微服務名(之後調用時,只需該名稱便可訪問該服務)

eureka:
  instance:
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
    prefer-ip-address: true                       # 設置微服務調用地址爲IP優先(缺省爲false)
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5          # 心跳時間,即服務續約間隔時間(缺省爲30s)
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 15      # 發呆時間,即服務續約到期時間(缺省爲90s)
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true                               # 開啓健康檢查(依賴spring-boot-starter-actuator)
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:1100/eureka/  # 指定服務註冊中心的地址

這是第一個服務提供方的 SpringBoot 啓動類 ServiceServer01BootStarp.java

package com.jadyer.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;

/**
 * 經過 @EnableEurekaClient 註解,爲服務提供方賦予註冊和發現服務的能力
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * 也可使用org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.@EnableDiscoveryClient註解
 * 詳見如下兩篇文章的介紹
 * http://cloud.spring.io/spring-cloud-static/Camden.SR3/#_registering_with_eureka
 * https://spring.io/blog/2015/01/20/microservice-registration-and-discovery-with-spring-cloud-and-netflix-s-eureka
 * ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 * Created by 玄玉<https://jadyer.cn/> on 2017/1/9 16:00.
 */
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceServer01BootStarp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceServer01BootStarp.class, args);
    }
}

這是第一個服務提供方暴露的數學運算服務 CalculatorController.java

package com.jadyer.demo;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * 服務提供方暴露的數學運算服務
 * Created by 玄玉<https://jadyer.cn/> on 2017/1/9 16:00.
 */
@RestController
public class CalculatorController {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
    @Resource
    private DiscoveryClient client;

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    public int add(int a, int b){
        //加運算
        int result = a + b;
        //輸出服務信息
        ServiceInstance instance = client.getLocalServiceInstance();
        logger.info("uri={},serviceId={},result={}", instance.getUri(), instance.getServiceId(), result);
        //返回結果
        return result;
    }
}

服務提供方02

除了啓動端口爲2200外,其代碼與服務提供方01的徹底相同

服務消費方Ribbon

這是服務消費方Ribbon的 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.jadyer.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo-cloud-05</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>service-client-01</artifactId>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

這是服務消費方Ribbon的配置文件 /src/main/resources/application.yml

server:
  port: 3100

spring:
  application:
    name: client-consumer-ribbon

eureka:
  instance:
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
    prefer-ip-address: true
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 15
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:1100/eureka/

這是服務消費方Ribbon的 SpringBoot 啓動類 ServiceClient01BootStarp.java

package com.jadyer.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceClient01BootStarp {
    //開啓軟均衡負載
    @LoadBalanced
    @Bean
    RestTemplate restTemplate() {
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceClient01BootStarp.class, args);
    }
}

這是服務消費方Ribbon的遠程服務調用實現 CalculatorService.java

package com.jadyer.demo.ribbon;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

@Service
class CalculatorService {
    @Resource
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    int addService(int a, int b){
        String reqURL = "http://CalculatorServer/add?a=" + a + "&b=" + b;
        return restTemplate.getForEntity(reqURL, Integer.class).getBody();
    }
}

這是服務消費方Ribbon的調用示例 ConsumerController.java

package com.jadyer.demo.ribbon;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * 服務調用方
 * Created by 玄玉<https://jadyer.cn/> on 2017/1/10 18:23.
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/demo/ribbon")
public class ConsumerController {
    @Resource
    private CalculatorService calculatorService;

    @RequestMapping("/toadd")
    int toadd(int a, int b){
        return calculatorService.addService(a, b);
    }
}

服務消費方Feign

這是服務消費方Feign的 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.jadyer.demo</groupId>
        <artifactId>demo-cloud-05</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>service-client-02</artifactId>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

這是服務消費方Feign的配置文件 /src/main/resources/application.yml

server:
  port: 3200

spring:
  application:
    name: client-consumer-feign

eureka:
  instance:
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port}
    prefer-ip-address: true
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 15
  client:
    healthcheck:
      enabled: true
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:1100/eureka/

這是服務消費方Feign的 SpringBoot 啓動類 ServiceClient02BootStarp.java

package com.jadyer.demo;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;

//開啓Feign功能
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableEurekaClient
@SpringBootApplication
public class ServiceClient02BootStarp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ServiceClient02BootStarp.class, args);
    }
}

這是服務消費方Feign的遠程服務調用實現 CalculatorService.java

package com.jadyer.demo.feign;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;

//綁定該接口到CalculatorServer服務,並通知Feign組件對該接口進行代理(不須要編寫接口實現)
@FeignClient(value="CalculatorServer")
interface CalculatorService {
    ////@PathVariable這種也是支持的
    //@RequestMapping(value="/add/{a}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    //int myadd(@PathVariable("a") int a, @RequestParam("b") int b);

    //經過SpringMVC的註解來配置所綁定的服務下的具體實現
    @RequestMapping(value="/add", method=RequestMethod.GET)
    int myadd(@RequestParam("a") int a, @RequestParam("b") int b);
}

這是服務消費方Feign的調用示例 ConsumerController.java

package com.jadyer.demo.feign;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;

/**
 * 服務調用方
 * Created by 玄玉<https://jadyer.cn/> on 2017/1/10 18:23.
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/demo/feign")
public class ConsumerController {
    @Resource
    private CalculatorService calculatorService;

    @RequestMapping("/toadd")
    int toadd(int a, int b){
        return calculatorService.myadd(a, b);
    }
}

驗證服務消費和軟負載均衡

本文中的示例(Ribbon和Feign)都會將請求走軟負載均衡後,打到服務端

驗證方式就是:分別屢次訪問下面的兩個服務消費URL,兩個服務端打印的請求日誌是均等輸出的

http://10.16.64.133:3100/demo/ribbon/toadd?a=11&b=22

http://10.16.64.133:3200/demo/feign/toadd?a=11&b=22

若沒有走 Ribbon 或者 Feigin,而是直接瀏覽器訪問服務方的接口

以下兩個地址,也能夠訪問成功,只不過沒法享受到軟負載均衡

http://10.16.64.133:2100/add?a=3&b=13

http://10.16.64.133:2200/add?a=3&b=13

最後,補充一張註冊中心的頁面截圖:

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