Asp.net Core全局異常監控和記錄日誌

前言

          系統異常監控能夠說是重中之重,系統不可能一直運行良好,開發和運維也不可能24小時盯着系統,系統拋異常後咱們應當在第一時間收到異常信息。在Asp.net Core裏我使用攔截器和中間件兩種方式來監控異常。全局異常監控的數據最好仍是寫入數據庫,方便查詢。html

配置NLog

QQ截圖20191031103620.jpg

NLog配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<nlog xmlns="http://www.nlog-project.org/schemas/NLog.xsd"
      xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
      autoReload="true"
      internalLogLevel="info"
      internalLogFile="d:\temp\internal-nlog.txt">

  <!-- the targets to write to -->
  <targets>
    <!-- write logs to file  -->
    <target xsi:type="File" name="allfile" fileName="d:\temp\nlog-all-${shortdate}.log"
            layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=EventId.Id}|${uppercase:${level}}|${logger}|${message} ${exception}" />

    <!-- another file log, only own logs. Uses some ASP.NET core renderers -->
    <target xsi:type="File" name="ownFile-web" fileName="d:\temp\nlog-own-${shortdate}.log"
            layout="${longdate}|${event-properties:item=EventId.Id}|${uppercase:${level}}|${logger}|${message} ${exception}|url: ${aspnet-request-url}|action: ${aspnet-mvc-action}" />

    <!-- write to the void aka just remove -->
    <target xsi:type="Null" name="blackhole" />
  </targets>

  <!-- rules to map from logger name to target -->
  <rules>
    <!--All logs, including from Microsoft-->
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="allfile" />

    <!--Skip Microsoft logs and so log only own logs-->
    <logger name="Microsoft.*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="blackhole" final="true" />
    <logger name="*" minlevel="Trace" writeTo="ownFile-web" />
  </rules>
</nlog>

注入NLog

       在Program.cs裏注入NLog依賴,添加依賴前須要導入兩個命名空間Microsoft.Extensions.Logging、 NLog.Web。前端

public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        CreateHostBuilder(args).Build().Run();
    }

    public static IHostBuilder CreateHostBuilder(string[] args) =>
        Host.CreateDefaultBuilder(args)
        .ConfigureWebHostDefaults(webBuilder =>
                                  {
                                      webBuilder.UseStartup<Startup>();
                                  })
        .ConfigureLogging(logging=> 
                          {
                              logging.ClearProviders();
                              logging.SetMinimumLevel(Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LogLevel.Trace);
                          })
        .UseNLog(); 
}

攔截器

     在Asp.Mvc裏最經常使用的攔截器,在Asp.net Core裏也是支持的。先定義攔截器,再注入攔截器,這裏自定義攔截器實現接口IExceptionFilter,接口會要求實現OnException方法,當系統發生未捕獲的異常時就會觸發這個方法。這裏全局異常信息最好能放入數據庫裏,方便後臺查詢,再就是拋異常後最好能給負責人發郵件和發送報警短信,也能夠直接撥打電話。nginx

public class GlobalExceptionFilter : IExceptionFilter
{

    private IWebHostEnvironment _env;
    private ILogger<GlobalExceptionFilter> _logger;

    public GlobalExceptionFilter(IWebHostEnvironment _env,ILogger<GlobalExceptionFilter> _logger)
    {
         this._env = _env;
         this._logger = _logger;
    }

    public void OnException(ExceptionContext context)
    {

        if (context.Exception.GetType() == typeof(BusException))
        {
            //若是是自定義異常,則不作處理
        }
        else
        {

        }

         //日誌入庫
         //向負責人發報警郵件,異步
         //向負責人發送報警短信或者報警電話,異步

         Exception ex = context.Exception;
         //這裏給系統分配標識,監控異常確定不止一個系統。
         int sysId = 1; 
         //這裏獲取服務器ip時,須要考慮若是是使用nginx作了負載,這裏要兼容負載後的ip,
         //監控了ip方便定位究竟是那臺服務器出故障了
         string ip = context.HttpContext.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString();

         _logger.LogError($"系統編號:{sysId},主機IP:{ip},堆棧信息:{ex.StackTrace},異常描述:{ex.Message}");
         context.Result = new JsonResult(ResultBody.error(ex.Message));
         context.ExceptionHandled = true;
     }
}

     在Startup.ConfigureServices方法裏注入全局異常處理攔截器。web

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
    services.AddControllersWithViews();
    //注入全局異常處理
    services.AddMvc(option =>
    {
        option.Filters.Add(typeof(GlobalExceptionFilter));
    });
}

     OK,定義了攔截器後,咱們本身拋一個未捕獲的異常試試。如圖,都會返回統一的JSON返回值。
QQ截圖20191031101525.jpg
若是未使用全局異常捕獲,則直接拋出以下異常
QQ截圖20191031101516.jpg
         客戶端拋出異常後,可查看磁盤寫入日誌,這裏看到我關注的系統編號,主機ip,堆棧信息和異常描述信息。
QQ截圖20191031160132.jpg數據庫

中間件

定義中間件,定義中間件時先導入日誌命名空間Microsoft.Extensions.Logging。服務器

public class GlobalExceptionMiddleware
{
    private readonly RequestDelegate next;
    private ILogger<GlobalExceptionMiddleware> logger;
    public GlobalExceptionMiddleware(RequestDelegate next, ILogger<GlobalExceptionMiddleware> logger)
    {
        this.next = next;
        this.logger = logger;
    }

    public async Task Invoke(HttpContext context)
    {
        try
        {
            await next.Invoke(context);
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            await HandleExceptionAsync(context, ex);
        }
    }


    private async Task HandleExceptionAsync(HttpContext context, Exception e)
    {
        if (e.GetType() == typeof(BusException))
        {
            //若是是自定義異常,則不作處理
        }
        else
        {

        }

        //記日誌

        int sysId = 1;
        string ip = context.Connection.RemoteIpAddress.ToString();
        logger.LogError($"系統編號:{sysId},主機IP:{ip},堆棧信息:{e.StackTrace},異常描述:{e.Message}");
        string result = System.Text.Json.JsonSerializer.Serialize(ResultBody.error(e.Message));
        await context.Response.WriteAsync(result);
    }
}

在Startup.Configure方法裏註冊中間件。mvc

public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env,ILoggerFactory loggerFactory)
{
    if (env.IsDevelopment())
    {
        app.UseDeveloperExceptionPage();
    }
    else
    {
        app.UseExceptionHandler("/Home/Error");
    }

    //註冊異常處理中間件
    app.UseMiddleware<GlobalExceptionMiddleware>();

    app.UseStaticFiles();

    app.UseRouting();

    app.UseAuthorization();

    app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
                     {
                         endpoints.MapControllerRoute(
                             name: "default",
                             pattern: "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}");
                     });
}

中間件這裏處理異常最後向客戶端響應寫入了一個字符串,這是個攔截器處理方式不一樣的地方。固然對客戶端或者前端來講仍是JSON對象更直觀些。app

參考連接

http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-rropkebi-by.html
http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-vqjgxurg-ca.html
https://www.jianshu.com/p/cab597211136運維

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