Windows之IOCP

  IOCP全稱I/O Completion Port,中文譯爲I/O完成端口。IOCP是一個異步I/O的Windows API,它能夠高效地將I/O事件通知給應用程序,相似於Linux中的Epoll,關於epoll能夠參考 linux之epoll

1. 簡介

  IOCP模型屬於一種通信模型,適用於Windows平臺下高負載服務器的一個技術。在處理大量用戶併發請求時,若是採用一個用戶一個線程的方式那將形成CPU在這成千上萬的線程間進行切換,後果是不可想象的。而IOCP完成端口模型則徹底不會如此處理,它的理論是並行的線程數量必須有一個上限-也就是說同時發出500個客戶請求,不該該容許出現500個可運行的線程。目前來講,IOCP完成端口是Windows下性能最好的I/O模型,同時它也是最複雜的內核對象。它避免了大量用戶併發時原有模型採用的方式,極大的提升了程序的並行處理能力。html

2. 原理圖

  一共包括三部分:完成端口(存放重疊的I/O請求),客戶端請求的處理,等待者線程隊列(必定數量的工做者線程,通常採用CPU*2個)linux

  完成端口中所謂的[端口]並非咱們在TCP/IP中所提到的端口,能夠說是徹底沒有關係。它其實就是一個通知隊列,由操做系統把已經完成的重疊I/O請求的通知放入其中。當某項I/O操做一旦完成,某個能夠對該操做結果進行處理的工做者線程就會收到一則通知。ios

  一般狀況下,咱們會在建立必定數量的工做者線程來處理這些通知,也就是線程池的方法。線程數量取決於應用程序的特定須要。理想的狀況是,線程數量等於處理器的數量,不過這也要求任何線程都不該該執行諸如同步讀寫、等待事件通知等阻塞型的操做,以避免線程阻塞。每一個線程都將分到必定的CPU時間,在此期間該線程能夠運行,而後另外一個線程將分到一個時間片並開始執行。若是某個線程執行了阻塞型的操做,操做系統將剝奪其未使用的剩餘時間片並讓其它線程開始執行。也就是說,前一個線程沒有充分使用其時間片,當發生這樣的狀況時,應用程序應該準備其它線程來充分利用這些時間片。windows

3. IOCP優勢

  基於IOCP的開發是異步IO的,決定了IOCP所實現的服務器的高吞吐量。服務器

  經過引入IOCP,會大大減小Thread切換帶來的額外開銷,最小化的線程上下文切換,減小線程切換帶來的巨大開銷,讓CPU把大量的事件用於線程的運行。當與該完成端口相關聯的可運行線程的總數目達到了該併發量,系統就會阻塞,網絡

4. IOCP應用

4.1 建立和關聯完成端口

//功能:建立完成端口和關聯完成端口
 HANDLE WINAPI CreateIoCompletionPort(
     *    __in   HANDLE FileHandle,              // 已經打開的文件句柄或者空句柄,通常是客戶端的句柄
     *    __in   HANDLE ExistingCompletionPort,  // 已經存在的IOCP句柄
     *    __in   ULONG_PTR CompletionKey,        // 完成鍵,包含了指定I/O完成包的指定文件
     *    __in   DWORD NumberOfConcurrentThreads // 真正併發同時執行最大線程數,通常推介是CPU核心數*2
     * );
//建立完成端口句柄
HANDLE completionPort = CreateIoCompletionPort(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE, NULL, 0, 0);

4.2 與socket進行關聯

typedef struct{
    SOCKET socket;//客戶端socket
    SOCKADDR_STORAGE ClientAddr;//客戶端地址
}PER_HANDLE_DATA, *LPPER_HANDLE_DATA;
//與socket進行關聯
CreateIoCompletionPort((HANDLE)(PerHandleData -> socket), 
          completionPort, (DWORD)PerHandleData, 0);

4.3 獲取隊列完成狀態

//功能:獲取隊列完成狀態
/*
返回值:
調用成功,則返回非零數值,相關數據存於lpNumberOfBytes、lpCompletionKey、
lpoverlapped變量中。失敗則返回零值。
*/ BOOL GetQueuedCompletionStatus( HANDLE CompletionPort, //完成端口句柄 LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytes, //一次I/O操做所傳送的字節數 PULONG_PTR lpCompletionKey, //當文件I/O操做完成後,用於存放與之關聯的CK LPOVERLAPPED *lpOverlapped, //IOCP特定的結構體 DWORD dwMilliseconds); //調用者的等待時間 /*

4.4 用於IOCP的特色函數

//用於IOCP的特定函數
typedef struct _OVERLAPPEDPLUS{
    OVERLAPPED ol;      //一個固定的用於處理網絡消息事件返回值的結構體變量
    SOCKET s, sclient;  int OpCode;  //用來區分本次消息的操做類型(在完成端口的操做裏面,
                       是以消息通知系統,讀數據/寫數據,都是要發這樣的
                       消息結構體過去的)
WSABUF wbuf;     //讀寫緩衝區結構體變量 DWORD dwBytes, dwFlags; //一些在讀寫時用到的標誌性變量 }OVERLAPPEDPLUS;

4.5 投遞一個隊列完成狀態

//功能:投遞一個隊列完成狀態
BOOL PostQueuedCompletionStatus( 
  HANDLE CompletlonPort, //指定想向其發送一個完成數據包的完成端口對象
  DW0RD dwNumberOfBytesTrlansferred, //指定—個值,直接傳遞給GetQueuedCompletionStatus
                        函數中對應的參數
  DWORD dwCompletlonKey, //指定—個值,直接傳遞給GetQueuedCompletionStatus函數中對應的參數   LPOVERLAPPED lpoverlapped, ); //指定—個值,直接傳遞給GetQueuedCompletionStatus
                    函數中對應的參數

5. 示例

#include <winsock2.h>
#include <windows.h>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")
#pragma comment(lib,"kernel32.lib")

HANDLE g_hIOCP;

enum IO_OPERATION{IO_READ,IO_WRITE};

struct IO_DATA{
    OVERLAPPED                  Overlapped;
    WSABUF                      wsabuf;
    int                         nBytes;
    IO_OPERATION                opCode;
    SOCKET                      client;
};

char buffer[1024];

DWORD WINAPI WorkerThread (LPVOID WorkThreadContext) {
    IO_DATA *lpIOContext = NULL; 
    DWORD nBytes = 0;
    DWORD dwFlags = 0; 
    int nRet = 0;

    DWORD dwIoSize = 0; 
    void * lpCompletionKey = NULL;
    LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped = NULL;

    while(1){
        GetQueuedCompletionStatus(g_hIOCP, &dwIoSize,(LPDWORD)&lpCompletionKey,(LPOVERLAPPED *)&lpOverlapped, INFINITE);

        lpIOContext = (IO_DATA *)lpOverlapped;
        if(dwIoSize == 0)
        {
            cout << "Client disconnect" << endl;
            closesocket(lpIOContext->client);
            delete lpIOContext;
            continue;
        }

        if(lpIOContext->opCode == IO_READ) // a read operation complete
        {
            ZeroMemory(&lpIOContext->Overlapped, sizeof(lpIOContext->Overlapped));
            lpIOContext->wsabuf.buf = buffer;
            lpIOContext->wsabuf.len = strlen(buffer)+1;
            lpIOContext->opCode = IO_WRITE;
            lpIOContext->nBytes = strlen(buffer)+1;
            dwFlags = 0;
            nBytes = strlen(buffer)+1;
            nRet = WSASend(
                lpIOContext->client,
                &lpIOContext->wsabuf, 1, &nBytes,
                dwFlags,
                &(lpIOContext->Overlapped), NULL);
            if( nRet == SOCKET_ERROR && (ERROR_IO_PENDING != WSAGetLastError()) ) {
                cout << "WASSend Failed::Reason Code::"<< WSAGetLastError() << endl;
                closesocket(lpIOContext->client);
                delete lpIOContext;
                continue;
            }
            memset(buffer, NULL, sizeof(buffer));
        }
        else if(lpIOContext->opCode == IO_WRITE) //a write operation complete
        {
            // Write operation completed, so post Read operation.
            lpIOContext->opCode = IO_READ; 
            nBytes = 1024;
            dwFlags = 0;
            lpIOContext->wsabuf.buf = buffer;
            lpIOContext->wsabuf.len = nBytes;
            lpIOContext->nBytes = nBytes;
            ZeroMemory(&lpIOContext->Overlapped, sizeof(lpIOContext->Overlapped));

            nRet = WSARecv(
                lpIOContext->client,
                &lpIOContext->wsabuf, 1, &nBytes,
                &dwFlags,
                &lpIOContext->Overlapped, NULL);
            if( nRet == SOCKET_ERROR && (ERROR_IO_PENDING != WSAGetLastError()) ) {
                cout << "WASRecv Failed::Reason Code1::"<< WSAGetLastError() << endl;
                closesocket(lpIOContext->client);
                delete lpIOContext;
                continue;
            } 
            cout<<lpIOContext->wsabuf.buf<<endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}
void main ()
{
    WSADATA wsaData;
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);

    SOCKET    m_socket = WSASocket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP, NULL,0,WSA_FLAG_OVERLAPPED);

    sockaddr_in server;
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_port = htons(6000);
    server.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);

    bind(m_socket ,(sockaddr*)&server,sizeof(server));

    listen(m_socket, 8);

    SYSTEM_INFO sysInfo;
    GetSystemInfo(&sysInfo);
    int g_ThreadCount = sysInfo.dwNumberOfProcessors * 2;

    g_hIOCP = CreateIoCompletionPort(INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE,NULL,0,g_ThreadCount);

    //CreateIoCompletionPort((HANDLE)m_socket,g_hIOCP,0,0);

    for( int i=0;i < g_ThreadCount; ++i){
        HANDLE  hThread;
        DWORD   dwThreadId;
        hThread = CreateThread(NULL, 0, WorkerThread, 0, 0, &dwThreadId);
        CloseHandle(hThread);
    }

    while(1)
    {
        SOCKET client = accept( m_socket, NULL, NULL );
        cout << "Client connected." << endl;


        if (CreateIoCompletionPort((HANDLE)client, g_hIOCP, 0, 0) == NULL){
            cout << "Binding Client Socket to IO Completion Port Failed::Reason Code::"<< GetLastError() << endl;
            closesocket(client);
        }
        else { //post a recv request
            IO_DATA * data = new IO_DATA;
            memset(buffer, NULL ,1024);
            memset(&data->Overlapped, 0 , sizeof(data->Overlapped));
            data->opCode = IO_READ;
            data->nBytes = 0;
            data->wsabuf.buf  = buffer;
            data->wsabuf.len  = sizeof(buffer);
            data->client = client;
            DWORD nBytes= 1024 ,dwFlags=0;
            int nRet = WSARecv(client,&data->wsabuf, 1, &nBytes,
                &dwFlags,
                &data->Overlapped, NULL);
            if(nRet == SOCKET_ERROR  && (ERROR_IO_PENDING != WSAGetLastError())){
                cout << "WASRecv Failed::Reason Code::"<< WSAGetLastError() << endl;
                closesocket(client);
                delete data;
            }
            cout<<data->wsabuf.buf<<endl;
        }
    }
    closesocket(m_socket);
    WSACleanup();
}
Server.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <WinSock2.h>
using namespace std;

#pragma comment(lib,"ws2_32.lib")

void main()
{
    WSADATA wsaData;  
    WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData);

    sockaddr_in server;
    server.sin_family = AF_INET;
    server.sin_port   = htons(6000);
    server.sin_addr.S_un.S_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");

    SOCKET client = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP);

    int flag;
    flag = connect(client, (sockaddr*)&server, sizeof(server));
    if(flag < 0){
        cout<<"error!"<<endl;
        return;
    }
    while(1){
        cout<<"sent hello!!!!"<<endl;
        char buffer[1024];
        strcpy(buffer,"hello");
        send(client, buffer, 1024, 0);

        memset(buffer, NULL, sizeof(buffer));

        cout<<"recv: "<<endl;
        int rev = recv(client, buffer, 1024, 0);
        if(rev == 0)
            cout<<"recv nothing!"<<endl;
        cout<<buffer<<endl;
        Sleep(10000);
    }

    closesocket(client);
    WSACleanup();
}
client.cpp
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