python shutil模塊簡單介紹

python shutil模塊簡單介紹

簡介

shutil模塊提供了大量的文件的高級操做。特別針對文件拷貝和刪除，主要功能爲目錄和文件操做以及壓縮操做。

shutil 模塊方法：

copy(src, dst)
        Copy data and mode bits ("cp src dst") # 複製數據和權限，相對於cp命令
        
        The destination may be a directory.  # 目標數據能夠爲目錄
    
    copy2(src, dst)
        Copy data and all stat info ("cp -p src dst").  # 拷貝文件和狀態信息
        
        The destination may be a directory.
    
    copyfile(src, dst)  # 拷貝文件
        Copy data from src to dst
    
    copyfileobj(fsrc, fdst, length=16384)  # 將文件內容拷貝到另外一個文件
        copy data from file-like object fsrc to file-like object fdst
    
    copymode(src, dst)  # 僅拷貝權限,內容,用戶,組不變
        Copy mode bits from src to dst
    
    copystat(src, dst)  # 僅拷貝狀態信息
        Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst
    
    copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)  # 遞歸複製
        Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().
    
    get_archive_formats()  # 返回支持的 壓縮格式列表
        Returns a list of supported formats for archiving and unarchiving.
        
        Each element of the returned sequence is a tuple (name, description)
    
    ignore_patterns(*patterns) # 至關於copytree
        Function that can be used as copytree() ignore parameter.
        
        Patterns is a sequence of glob-style patterns
        that are used to exclude files
        # 模式是一個序列，用於排除文件glob方式模式
    
    make_archive(base_name, format, root_dir=None, base_dir=None, verbose=0, dry_run=0, owner=None, group=None, logger=None) 
        Create an archive file (eg. zip or tar). # 建立壓縮文件
        參數介紹：
        base_name: 壓縮包的文件名, 也可使壓縮包的路徑.
        format: 壓縮種類
        root_dir: 要壓縮的文件夾路徑，默認爲當前路徑
        owner: 壓縮用戶，默認爲當前用戶
        group: 組，默認爲當前組
    
    move(src, dst)  # 移動文件，相對於Linux的「mv」命令
        Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
        similar to the Unix "mv" command.
    
    register_archive_format(name, function, extra_args=None, description='')
        Registers an archive format. # 返回支持的 壓縮格式列表
    
    rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None)  # 遞歸刪除目錄樹
        Recursively delete a directory tree.

shutil 模塊使用簡單示例：

建立壓縮文件（shutil.make_archive）

# cat shutil_test01.py 
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- conding:utf-8 -*-

from shutil import make_archive
import os

archive_name = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', 'myarchive'))
root_dir = os.path.expanduser(os.path.join('~', '.ssh'))
make_archive(archive_name, 'gztar', root_dir)