python內置模塊（四）

----------------------------接 python內置模塊（三）---------------------------

11、hashlib模塊 

        用於加密相關的操做，3.x裏代替了md5模塊和sha模塊，主要提供 SHA1, SHA224, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512 ,MD5 算法

        import hashlib

        

        m = hashlib.md5()

        m.update(b"Hello")

        m.update(b"It's me")

        print(m.digest())

        m.update(b"It's been a long time since last time we ...")

        

        print(m.digest()) #2進制格式hash

        print(len(m.hexdigest())) #16進制格式hash

        

        # ######## md5 ########

        

        hash = hashlib.md5()

        hash.update(b'admin')

        print(hash.hexdigest())

        

        # ######## sha1 ########

        

        hash = hashlib.sha1()

        hash.update(b'admin')

        print(hash.hexdigest())

        

        # ######## sha256 ########

        

        hash = hashlib.sha256()

        hash.update(b'admin')

        print(hash.hexdigest())

        

        

        # ######## sha384 ########

        

        hash = hashlib.sha384()

        hash.update(b'admin')

        print(hash.hexdigest())

        

        # ######## sha512 ########

        

        hash = hashlib.sha512()

        hash.update(b'admin')

        print(hash.hexdigest())

        

另外python 還有一個 hmac 模塊，它內部對咱們建立 key 和 內容 再進行處理而後再加密

        import hmac

        h = hmac.new(b'shuoming')

        h.update(b'test')

        print(h.hexdigest())

        
12、logging模塊

            不少程序都有記錄日誌的需求，而且日誌中包含的信息即有正常的程序訪問日誌，還可能有錯誤、警告等信息輸出，python的logging模塊提供了標準的日誌接口，你能夠經過它存儲各類格式的日誌，logging的日誌能夠分爲 debug(), info(), warning(), error() and critical() 5個級別：




Level	When it’s used
DEBUG	Detailed information, typically of interest only when diagnosing problems.
INFO	Confirmation that things are working as expected.
WARNING	An indication that something unexpected happened, or indicative of some problem in the near future (e.g. ‘disk space low’). The software is still working as expected.
ERROR	Due to a more serious problem, the software has not been able to perform some function.
CRITICAL	A serious error, indicating that the program itself may be unable to continue running.

        1.將日誌信息輸出到屏幕終端


        import logging

        logging.warning("user [alex] attempted wrong password more than 3 times")

        logging.critical("server is down")

        2.將日誌信息輸出到文件中

        import logging

        logging.basicConfig(filename='example.log',level=logging.INFO)

        logging.debug('This message should go to the log file')

        logging.info('So should this')

        logging.warning('And this, too')

        其中下面這句中的level=loggin.INFO意思是，把日誌紀錄級別設置爲INFO，也就是說，只有比日誌是INFO或比INFO級別更高的日誌纔會被紀錄到文件裏，在這個例子， 第一條日誌是不會被紀錄的，若是但願紀錄debug的日誌，那把日誌級別改爲DEBUG就好了。

        另外還能夠加上時間和日期等：

       logging.basicConfig(filename='log.log',

               format = '%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(module)s:  %(message)s' ,

               datefmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %p' ,

               level = 10 )

        3.將日誌信息同時輸出到文件和終端

    import logging

     

    #create logger（全局日誌級別信息，優先級最高）

    logger = logging.getLogger('TEST-LOG')

    logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

     

     

    # create console handler and set level to debug（建立輸出終端信息及日誌級別）

    ch = logging.StreamHandler()

    ch.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

     

    # create file handler and set level to warning（建立輸出到日誌文件信息及日誌級別）

    fh = logging.FileHandler("access.log")

    fh.setLevel(logging.WARNING)

    # create formatter （建立日誌格式）

    formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s - %(message)s')

     

    # add formatter to ch and fh（定選日誌輸出格式）

    ch.setFormatter(formatter)

    fh.setFormatter(formatter)

     

    # add ch and fh to logger（添加輸出方式）

    logger.addHandler(ch)

    logger.addHandler(fh)

     

    # 'application' code（日誌信息）

    logger.debug('debug message')

    logger.info('info message')

    logger.warn('warn message')

    logger.error('error message')

    logger.critical('critical message')

    

--------------------------------接 內置模塊（五）------------------------------------