CentOS7的LVM動態擴容

時間 2019-11-10

原文原文鏈接

# 問題

CentOS7上面的磁盤空間有點緊張，須要擴容。php

解決

查詢當前磁盤狀態

[root@xxx ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0               2:0    1    4K  0 disk 
sda               8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2            8:2    0 15.5G  0 part 
  ├─centos-swap 253:0    0  1.6G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
  └─centos-root 253:1    0 13.9G  0 lvm  /
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
loop0             7:0    0  4.3G  0 loop /mnt/iso

查詢當前文件系統狀態

[root@xxx ~]# df -h
文件系統                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 掛載點
/dev/mapper/centos-root   14G   14G   20K  100% /
devtmpfs                 3.8G     0  3.8G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  442M  3.4G   12% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  295M  202M   60% /boot
tmpfs                    782M   12K  782M    1% /run/user/42
/dev/loop0               4.3G  4.3G     0  100% /mnt/iso
tmpfs                    782M     0  782M    0% /run/user/0

查看當前磁盤分區狀況

[root@xxx ~]# gdisk /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present


***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
to GPT format!
***************************************************************


Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 419430400 sectors, 200.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): FE64D670-2841-445E-974F-12A258105C57
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 419430366
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 385877949 sectors (184.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1026047   500.0 MiB   8300  Linux filesystem
   2         1026048        33554431   15.5 GiB    8E00  Linux LVM

lvm擴容

建立8e

[root@xxx ~]# gdisk /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: MBR only
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present


***************************************************************
Found invalid GPT and valid MBR; converting MBR to GPT format
in memory. THIS OPERATION IS POTENTIALLY DESTRUCTIVE! Exit by
typing 'q' if you don't want to convert your MBR partitions
to GPT format!
***************************************************************


Command (? for help): n
Partition number (3-128, default 3): 
First sector (34-419430366, default = 33554432) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (33554432-419430366, default = 419430366) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +84G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): L
0700 Microsoft basic data  0c01 Microsoft reserved    2700 Windows RE          
3000 ONIE boot             3001 ONIE config           4100 PowerPC PReP boot   
4200 Windows LDM data      4201 Windows LDM metadata  7501 IBM GPFS            
7f00 ChromeOS kernel       7f01 ChromeOS root         7f02 ChromeOS reserved   
8200 Linux swap            8300 Linux filesystem      8301 Linux reserved      
8302 Linux /home           8400 Intel Rapid Start     8e00 Linux LVM           
a500 FreeBSD disklabel     a501 FreeBSD boot          a502 FreeBSD swap        
a503 FreeBSD UFS           a504 FreeBSD ZFS           a505 FreeBSD Vinum/RAID  
a580 Midnight BSD data     a581 Midnight BSD boot     a582 Midnight BSD swap   
a583 Midnight BSD UFS      a584 Midnight BSD ZFS      a585 Midnight BSD Vinum  
a800 Apple UFS             a901 NetBSD swap           a902 NetBSD FFS          
a903 NetBSD LFS            a904 NetBSD concatenated   a905 NetBSD encrypted    
a906 NetBSD RAID           ab00 Apple boot            af00 Apple HFS/HFS+      
af01 Apple RAID            af02 Apple RAID offline    af03 Apple label         
af04 AppleTV recovery      af05 Apple Core Storage    be00 Solaris boot        
bf00 Solaris root          bf01 Solaris /usr & Mac Z  bf02 Solaris swap        
bf03 Solaris backup        bf04 Solaris /var          bf05 Solaris /home       
bf06 Solaris alternate se  bf07 Solaris Reserved 1    bf08 Solaris Reserved 2  
bf09 Solaris Reserved 3    bf0a Solaris Reserved 4    bf0b Solaris Reserved 5  
c001 HP-UX data            c002 HP-UX service         ea00 Freedesktop $BOOT   
eb00 Haiku BFS             ed00 Sony system partitio  ed01 Lenovo system partit
Press the <Enter> key to see more codes: 8e00
ef00 EFI System            ef01 MBR partition scheme  ef02 BIOS boot partition 
fb00 VMWare VMFS           fb01 VMWare reserved       fc00 VMWare kcore crash p
fd00 Linux RAID            
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00
Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 419430400 sectors, 200.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): F8A75D30-20AF-412A-A7CD-F66D4A57D232
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 419430366
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 209717181 sectors (100.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1026047   500.0 MiB   8300  Linux filesystem
   2         1026048        33554431   15.5 GiB    8E00  Linux LVM
   3        33554432       209715199   84.0 GiB    8E00  Linux LVM

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda.
Warning: The kernel is still using the old partition table.
The new table will be used at the next reboot.
The operation has completed successfully.

這裏須要注意的地方就是，擴容了84G，而且使用8e00。node

更新8e

[root@xxx ~]# partprobe -s
/dev/sda: gpt partitions 1 2 3
[root@xxx ~]# lsblk
NAME            MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
fd0               2:0    1    4K  0 disk 
sda               8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1            8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
├─sda2            8:2    0 15.5G  0 part 
│ ├─centos-swap 253:0    0  1.6G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
│ └─centos-root 253:1    0 13.9G  0 lvm  /
└─sda3            8:3    0   84G  0 part 
sr0              11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
loop0             7:0    0  4.3G  0 loop /mnt/iso

驗證8e

[root@xxx ~]# gdisk -l /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.10

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sda: 419430400 sectors, 200.0 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): F8A75D30-20AF-412A-A7CD-F66D4A57D232
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 419430366
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 209717181 sectors (100.0 GiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1026047   500.0 MiB   8300  Linux filesystem
   2         1026048        33554431   15.5 GiB    8E00  Linux LVM
   3        33554432       209715199   84.0 GiB    8E00  Linux LVM

PV階段

現有PV

[root@xxx ~]# pvdisplay
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               15.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3970
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          3970
  PV UUID               S13vMN-W0wQ-HCae-fPKa-bClZ-RzW0-39xc9C

如今PV的大小是15G。linux

建立PV

[root@xxx ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

驗證PV

[root@xxx ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               centos
  PV Size               15.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3970
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          3970
  PV UUID               S13vMN-W0wQ-HCae-fPKa-bClZ-RzW0-39xc9C
   
  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "84.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               84.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               Ssb5Y6-gD5q-heAE-sil9-oIU3-kdX8-B0pqLS

VG階段

現有VG

[root@xxx ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <15.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3970
  Alloc PE / Size       3970 / <15.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               F3IvIs-uz92-m9d6-XYYL-0QvN-xqs8-qxD9fC

VG也是15G。centos

擴容VG

[root@xxx ~]# vgextend centos /dev/sda3
  Volume group "centos" successfully extended

在這個階段遇到Couldn't create temporary archive name.問題，只須要清理一部分無用文件騰出一點點磁盤空間便可。api

驗證VG

[root@xxx ~]# vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               centos
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               99.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              25473
  Alloc PE / Size       3970 / <15.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       21503 / <84.00 GiB
  VG UUID               F3IvIs-uz92-m9d6-XYYL-0QvN-xqs8-qxD9fC

Free部分已經不是0了。bash

LV階段

現有LV

[root@xxx ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                c2sXrl-GC3c-nXbi-lED4-MqXx-5FPx-872laM
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time tamtest.hngytobacco.com, 2017-06-26 12:02:56 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                1.60 GiB
  Current LE             410
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                r2qZe6-X3zx-D7te-U0t0-iJDF-VyWf-xl5by8
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time tamtest.hngytobacco.com, 2017-06-26 12:02:57 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <13.91 GiB
  Current LE             3560
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

這裏主要擴容這個LV：/dev/centos/root。app

擴容LV

[root@xxx ~]# lvresize -L +83.99GB /dev/centos/root
  Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 83.99 GiB.
  Size of logical volume centos/root changed from <13.91 GiB (3560 extents) to <97.90 GiB (25062 extents).
  Logical volume centos/root successfully resized

驗證LV

[root@xxx ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                c2sXrl-GC3c-nXbi-lED4-MqXx-5FPx-872laM
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time tamtest.hngytobacco.com, 2017-06-26 12:02:56 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                1.60 GiB
  Current LE             410
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/centos/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                centos
  LV UUID                r2qZe6-X3zx-D7te-U0t0-iJDF-VyWf-xl5by8
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time tamtest.hngytobacco.com, 2017-06-26 12:02:57 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <97.90 GiB
  Current LE             25062
  Segments               2
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

更新擴容

[root@xxx ~]# xfs_growfs /
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-root isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=911360 blks
         =                       sectsz=512   attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0        finobt=0 spinodes=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=3645440, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal               bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=512   sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 3645440 to 25663488

驗證擴容

[root@xxx ~]# df -lh
文件系統                 容量  已用  可用 已用% 掛載點
/dev/mapper/centos-root   98G   14G   84G   15% /
devtmpfs                 3.8G     0  3.8G    0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G  442M  3.4G   12% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G    0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                497M  295M  202M   60% /boot
tmpfs                    782M   12K  782M    1% /run/user/42
/dev/loop0               4.3G  4.3G     0  100% /mnt/iso
tmpfs                    782M     0  782M    0% /run/user/0