【本文版權歸微信公衆號"代碼藝術"(ID:onblog)全部,如果轉載請務必保留本段原創聲明,違者必究。】算法
在Java併發編程中,InheritableThreadLocal 與 ThreadLocal 均可以用於線程間通訊,不一樣的是 InheritableThreadLocal 繼承了 ThreadLocal,而且擴展了 ThreadLocal。使用類 InheritableThreadLocal 可以使子線程繼承父線程的值。相反,類 ThreadLocal 不能實現值繼承。編程
使用示例:數組
public class LocalThread extends Thread { private static InheritableThreadLocal local = new InheritableThreadLocal(); @Override public void run() { System.out.println("thread線程:"+ local.get()); } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { local.set("main的值"); LocalThread t = new LocalThread(); t.start(); System.out.println("main線程:"+ local.get()); } }
分析下 InheritableThreadLocal 類源碼:微信
public class InheritableThreadLocal<T> extends ThreadLocal<T> { /** * Computes the child's initial value for this inheritable thread-local * variable as a function of the parent's value at the time the child * thread is created. This method is called from within the parent * thread before the child is started. * <p> * This method merely returns its input argument, and should be overridden * if a different behavior is desired. * * @param parentValue the parent thread's value * @return the child thread's initial value */ protected T childValue(T parentValue) { return parentValue; } /** * Get the map associated with a ThreadLocal. * * @param t the current thread */ ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) { return t.inheritableThreadLocals; } /** * Create the map associated with a ThreadLocal. * * @param t the current thread * @param firstValue value for the initial entry of the table. */ void createMap(Thread t, T firstValue) { t.inheritableThreadLocals = new ThreadLocalMap(this, firstValue); } }
能夠看到,getMap() 方法和 creatMap() 方法都是重寫的 ThreadLocal 類方法,區別在於把 ThreadLocal 中的 threadLocals 換成了 inheritableThreadLocals,這兩個變量都是ThreadLocalMap類型,而且都是Thread類的屬性,源碼以下:併發
/* ThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is maintained * by the ThreadLocal class. */ ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null; /* * InheritableThreadLocal values pertaining to this thread. This map is * maintained by the InheritableThreadLocal class. */ ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap inheritableThreadLocals = null;
inheritableThreadLocal 如何實現值繼承的呢?繼續看下面的代碼:ide
/** * Construct a new map including all Inheritable ThreadLocals * from given parent map. Called only by createInheritedMap. * * @param parentMap the map associated with parent thread. */ private ThreadLocalMap(ThreadLocalMap parentMap) { Entry[] parentTable = parentMap.table; int len = parentTable.length; setThreshold(len); table = new Entry[len]; for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) { Entry e = parentTable[j]; if (e != null) { @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") ThreadLocal<Object> key = (ThreadLocal<Object>) e.get(); if (key != null) { Object value = key.childValue(e.value); Entry c = new Entry(key, value); int h = key.threadLocalHashCode & (len - 1); while (table[h] != null) h = nextIndex(h, len); table[h] = c; size++; } } } }
在構造方法的完整源代碼算法中能夠發現,子線程將父線程中的 table 對象以複製的方式賦值給子線程的 table 數組,這個過程是在建立 Thread 類對象時發生的,也就說明當子線程對象建立完畢後,子線程中的數據就是主線程中舊的數據,主線程使用新的數據時,子線程仍是使用舊的數據,由於主子線程使用兩個 Entry[] 對象數組各自存儲本身的值。this
這部分涉及到 Java 的值傳遞。對於對象來講,值的內容實際上是對象的引用。當在父線程中修改對象的某一屬性,子線程因爲引用着相同對象,因此能夠感知到,本質上是在操做同一塊內存地址。線程
對於基本數據類型(int、long)來講,因爲傳遞的是值,在父線程改變了數據後,子線程依舊使用的是舊的數據。這裏尤爲要提 String 字符串,String 雖然不是基本數據類型,可是因爲內部字符數組被 final 修飾帶來的不可變型,當父線程修改其 String 類型數據時,等於替換掉該 String 對象,而並非修改原 String 對象的值,因此子線程依舊不會發生變化。對象
另外,重寫類 InheritableThreadLocal 的 childValue() 方法能夠對繼承的值進行加工,好比經過調用clone() 方法返回 parentValue 的淺拷貝,以達到子線程沒法影響父線程的目的。blog
代碼以下:
public class Local extends InheritableThreadLocal { @Override protected Object initialValue() { return new Date(); } @Override protected Object childValue(Object parentValue) { return parentValue+"[子線程加強版]"; // parentValue.clone(); } }
【本文版權歸微信公衆號"代碼藝術"(ID:onblog)全部,如果轉載請務必保留本段原創聲明,違者必究。!】