MySQL 主從同步
MySQL主從介紹
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MySQL主從又叫作Replication、AB複製。簡單講就是A和B兩臺機器作主從後，在A上寫數據，另一臺B也會跟着寫數據，二者數據實時同步的mysql
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MySQL主從是基於binlog的，主上須開啓binlog才能進行主從sql
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主從過程大體有3個步驟vim
- 主將更改操做記錄到binlog裏
- 從將主的binlog事件(sql語句)同步到從本機上並記錄在relaylog裏
- 從根據relaylog裏面的sql語句按順序執行
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主上有一個log dump線程，用來和從的I/O線程傳遞binlogcentos
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從上有兩個線程，其中I/O線程用來同步主的binlog並生成relaylog(中繼日誌)，另一個SQL線程用來把relaylog裏面的sql語句落地bash
原理圖
配置 - 主
在配置文件中mysqld模塊下添加兩行(注意值中最好不要有特殊符號，好比橫線，可能會致使啓動失敗)
server-id = 134master
log_bin = syntest服務器
[root@test-a ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@test-a ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# [mysql]
[client]
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 134master
log_bin = syntest
#skip-grant-tables
datadir=/data/mysql
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/db.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql.server]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
[root@test-a ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart # 啓動
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
[root@test-a ~]# ls -lh /data/mysql # 能夠看到有新生成以syntest開頭的文件
total 185M
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Nov 25 15:29 auto.cnf
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 19 Dec 6 15:25 db1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 351 Dec 17 14:28 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 76M Dec 17 14:28 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 48M Dec 17 14:28 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 48M Nov 25 15:29 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12M Dec 17 14:28 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Nov 25 15:29 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Dec 7 15:57 mysql2
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8.0K Nov 25 15:29 performance_schema
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 154 Dec 17 14:28 syntest.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 17 Dec 17 14:28 syntest.index
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8.0K Nov 25 15:29 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 57 Dec 7 08:28 test_db0
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Dec 14 09:15 zrlog
[root@test-a ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p zrlog > /bak/zrlog.sql
Enter password:
[root@test-a ~]# ls /bak/
zrlog.sql
[root@test-a ~]# mysql -uroot -p -e "create database syn_zrlog"
Enter password:
[root@test-a ~]# mysql -uroot -p syn_zrlog < /bak/zrlog.sql
Enter password:
[root@test-a ~]# ls /data/mysql/
auto.cnf ibdata1 ibtmp1 performance_schema syn_zrlog zrlog
db1 ib_logfile0 mysql syntest.000001 sys
ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile1 mysql2 syntest.index test_db0
[root@test-a ~]# ls /data/mysql/ -lh
total 185M
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 56 Nov 25 15:29 auto.cnf
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 19 Dec 6 15:25 db1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 351 Dec 17 14:28 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 76M Dec 17 14:42 ibdata1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 48M Dec 17 14:42 ib_logfile0
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 48M Nov 25 15:29 ib_logfile1
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 12M Dec 17 14:40 ibtmp1
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Nov 25 15:29 mysql
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Dec 7 15:57 mysql2
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8.0K Nov 25 15:29 performance_schema
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 14K Dec 17 14:42 syntest.000001
-rw-r-----. 1 mysql mysql 17 Dec 17 14:28 syntest.index
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Dec 17 14:42 syn_zrlog
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 8.0K Nov 25 15:29 sys
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 57 Dec 7 08:28 test_db0
drwxr-x---. 2 mysql mysql 4.0K Dec 14 09:15 zrlog
[root@test-a ~]# grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.77.129' identified by 'test111'
-bash: grant: command not found
[root@test-a ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.23-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.77.129' identified by 'test111'
-> ;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> show grants for repl@192.168.77.129
-> ;
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for repl@192.168.77.129 |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'192.168.77.129' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush tables with read lock; # 鎖表，不讓再繼續讀寫，保證數據一致
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
| syntest.000001 | 13691 | | | |
+----------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
[root@test-a ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p test_db0 > /bak/test_db0.sql
Enter password:
[root@test-a ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p db1 > /bak/db1.sql
Enter password:
配置 - 從
編輯my.cnf，配置server-id=129slave，要求和主不同socket
[root@centos0 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[root@centos0 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# [mysql]
[client]
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port = 3306
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock
server-id = 129
#skip-grant-tables
datadir=/data/mysql
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/db.err
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid
character-set-server = utf8
[mysql.server]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
[root@centos0 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS
[root@centos0 ~]# scp 192.168.77.134:/bak/*.sql /bak/
The authenticity of host '192.168.77.134 (192.168.77.134)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is ad:9c:a3:94:7d:9b:e6:be:02:67:d0:ab:0c:de:2e:f3.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '192.168.77.134' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
root@192.168.77.134's password:
db1.sql 100% 1258 1.2KB/s 00:00
test_db0.sql 100% 1787 1.8KB/s 00:00
zrlog.sql 100% 9935 9.7KB/s 00:00
[root@centos0 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.23
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-- 建立對應的庫並恢復
mysql> create database db1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> create database test_db0;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.05 sec)
mysql> create database zrlog;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
[root@centos0 ~]# mysql -uroot db1 < /bak/db1.sql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@centos0 ~]# ^[[Cm^Cql -uroot db1 < /bak/db1.sql
[root@centos0 ~]#
[root@centos0 ~]#
[root@centos0 ~]# mysql -uroot -p db1 < /bak/db1.sql
Enter password:
[root@centos0 ~]# mysql -uroot -p test_db0 < /bak/test_db0.sql
Enter password:
[root@centos0 ~]# mysql -uroot -p zrlog < /bak/zrlog.sql
Enter password:
[root@centos0 ~]# ls /data/mysql/
auto.cnf ib_buffer_pool ib_logfile0 ibtmp1 performance_schema test_db0
db1 ibdata1 ib_logfile1 mysql sys zrlog
[root@centos0 ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.7.23 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> stop slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.03 sec)
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.77.134', master_user='repl', master_password='test111', master_log_file='syntest.000001', master_log_pos=13691;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.20 sec)
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.77.134
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: syntest.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 13691
Relay_Log_File: centos0-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 318
Relay_Master_Log_File: syntest.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 13691
Relay_Log_Space: 527
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 140509184
Master_UUID: e43279dd-f083-11e8-b63a-000c29b95699
Master_Info_File: /data/mysql/master.info
SQL_Delay: 0
SQL_Remaining_Delay: NULL
Slave_SQL_Running_State: Slave has read all relay log; waiting for more updates
Master_Retry_Count: 86400
Master_Bind:
Last_IO_Error_Timestamp:
Last_SQL_Error_Timestamp:
Master_SSL_Crl:
Master_SSL_Crlpath:
Retrieved_Gtid_Set:
Executed_Gtid_Set:
Auto_Position: 0
Replicate_Rewrite_DB:
Channel_Name:
Master_TLS_Version:
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
從配置完成後經過show slave status看Slave_IO_Running和Slave_SQL_Running是Yes則說明同步配置成功，這時須要去主庫服務上打開表鎖ide
mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 # 主從延遲的時間測試
一些主要參數說明
主服務器上
binlog-do-db= //僅同步指定的庫
binlog-ignore-db= //忽略指定庫
從服務器上
replicate_do_db= // 不經常使用 replicate_ignore_db= //不經常使用 replicate_do_table= //不經常使用 replicate_ignore_table= //不經常使用 replicate_wild_do_table= //如aming.%, 支持通配符%
replicate_wild_ignore_table=ui
測試主從同步
主庫上:
mysql> use test_db0; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; +--------------------+ | Tables_in_test_db0 | +--------------------+ | test_tb1 | +--------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table test_tb1; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.33 sec)
從庫上查看:
mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec)
同步OK.
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