這一次搞懂Spring自定義標籤以及註解解析原理

前言

在上一篇文章中分析了Spring是如何解析默認標籤的,並封裝爲BeanDefinition註冊到緩存中,這一篇就來看看對於像context這種自定義標籤是如何解析的。同時咱們經常使用的註解如:@Service、@Component、@Controller標註的類也是須要在xml中配置<context:component-scan>才能自動注入到IOC容器中,因此本篇也會重點分析註解解析原理。java

正文

自定義標籤解析原理

在上一篇分析默認標籤解析時看到過這個類DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader的方法parseBeanDefinitionsnode

protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
		if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
			NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();
			for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {
				Node node = nl.item(i);
				if (node instanceof Element) {
					Element ele = (Element) node;
					if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {

						//默認標籤解析
						parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);
					}
					else {

						//自定義標籤解析
						delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
		}
	}

如今咱們就來看看parseCustomElement這個方法,但在點進去以前不妨想一想自定義標籤解析應該怎麼作。spring

public BeanDefinition parseCustomElement(Element ele, @Nullable BeanDefinition containingBd) {
		String namespaceUri = getNamespaceURI(ele);
		if (namespaceUri == null) {
			return null;
		}
		NamespaceHandler handler = this.readerContext.getNamespaceHandlerResolver().resolve(namespaceUri);
		if (handler == null) {
			error("Unable to locate Spring NamespaceHandler for XML schema namespace [" + namespaceUri + "]", ele);
			return null;
		}
		return handler.parse(ele, new ParserContext(this.readerContext, this, containingBd));
	}

能夠看到和默認標籤解析是同樣的,只不過由decorate方法改成了parse方法,但具體是如何解析的呢?這裏我就以component-scan標籤的解析爲例,看看註解是如何解析爲BeanDefinition對象的。緩存

註解解析原理

進入到parse方法中,首先會進入NamespaceHandlerSupport類中:app

public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
		BeanDefinitionParser parser = findParserForElement(element, parserContext);
		return (parser != null ? parser.parse(element, parserContext) : null);
	}

首先經過findParserForElement方法去找到對應的解析器,而後委託給解析器ComponentScanBeanDefinitionParser解析。在往下看以前,咱們先想想,若是是咱們本身要去實現這個註解解析過程會怎麼作。是否是應該首先經過配置的basePackage屬性,去掃描該路徑下全部的class文件,而後判斷class文件是否符合條件,便是否標註了@Service、@Component、@Controller等註解,若是有,則封裝爲BeanDefinition對象並註冊到容器中去?下面就來驗證咱們的猜測:ide

public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
		String basePackage = element.getAttribute(BASE_PACKAGE_ATTRIBUTE);
		basePackage = parserContext.getReaderContext().getEnvironment().resolvePlaceholders(basePackage);
		String[] basePackages = StringUtils.tokenizeToStringArray(basePackage,
				ConfigurableApplicationContext.CONFIG_LOCATION_DELIMITERS);

		// Actually scan for bean definitions and register them.
		// 創造ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner對象,用來掃描basePackage包下符合條件(默認是@Component標註的類)的類,
		// 並建立BeanDefinition類註冊到緩存中
		ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = configureScanner(parserContext, element);
		Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = scanner.doScan(basePackages);
		registerComponents(parserContext.getReaderContext(), beanDefinitions, element);

		return null;
	}

能夠看到流程和咱們猜測的基本一致,首先建立了一個掃描器ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner對象,而後經過這個掃描器去掃描classpath下的文件並註冊,最後調用了registerComponents方法,這個方法的做用稍後來說,咱們先來看看掃描器是如何建立的:源碼分析

protected ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner configureScanner(ParserContext parserContext, Element element) {
		boolean useDefaultFilters = true;
		if (element.hasAttribute(USE_DEFAULT_FILTERS_ATTRIBUTE)) {
			useDefaultFilters = Boolean.valueOf(element.getAttribute(USE_DEFAULT_FILTERS_ATTRIBUTE));
		}

		// Delegate bean definition registration to scanner class.
		ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner = createScanner(parserContext.getReaderContext(), useDefaultFilters);
		scanner.setBeanDefinitionDefaults(parserContext.getDelegate().getBeanDefinitionDefaults());
		scanner.setAutowireCandidatePatterns(parserContext.getDelegate().getAutowireCandidatePatterns());

		if (element.hasAttribute(RESOURCE_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE)) {
			scanner.setResourcePattern(element.getAttribute(RESOURCE_PATTERN_ATTRIBUTE));
		}

		...

		parseTypeFilters(element, scanner, parserContext);

		return scanner;
	}


	public ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner(BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, boolean useDefaultFilters,
			Environment environment, @Nullable ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {

		Assert.notNull(registry, "BeanDefinitionRegistry must not be null");
		this.registry = registry;

		if (useDefaultFilters) {
			registerDefaultFilters();
		}
		setEnvironment(environment);
		setResourceLoader(resourceLoader);
	}

	protected void registerDefaultFilters() {
		this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(Component.class));
		ClassLoader cl = ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider.class.getClassLoader();
		try {
			this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(
					((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.annotation.ManagedBean", cl)), false));
			logger.trace("JSR-250 'javax.annotation.ManagedBean' found and supported for component scanning");
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			// JSR-250 1.1 API (as included in Java EE 6) not available - simply skip.
		}
		try {
			this.includeFilters.add(new AnnotationTypeFilter(
					((Class<? extends Annotation>) ClassUtils.forName("javax.inject.Named", cl)), false));
			logger.trace("JSR-330 'javax.inject.Named' annotation found and supported for component scanning");
		}
		catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
			// JSR-330 API not available - simply skip.
		}
	}

	protected void parseTypeFilters(Element element, ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner scanner, ParserContext parserContext) {
		// Parse exclude and include filter elements.
		ClassLoader classLoader = scanner.getResourceLoader().getClassLoader();
		// 將component-scan的子標籤include-filter和exclude-filter添加到scanner中
		NodeList nodeList = element.getChildNodes();
		for (int i = 0; i < nodeList.getLength(); i++) {
			Node node = nodeList.item(i);
			if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
				String localName = parserContext.getDelegate().getLocalName(node);
				try {
					if (INCLUDE_FILTER_ELEMENT.equals(localName)) {
						TypeFilter typeFilter = createTypeFilter((Element) node, classLoader, parserContext);
						scanner.addIncludeFilter(typeFilter);
					}
					else if (EXCLUDE_FILTER_ELEMENT.equals(localName)) {
						TypeFilter typeFilter = createTypeFilter((Element) node, classLoader, parserContext);
						scanner.addExcludeFilter(typeFilter);
					}
				}
				catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
					parserContext.getReaderContext().warning(
							"Ignoring non-present type filter class: " + ex, parserContext.extractSource(element));
				}
				catch (Exception ex) {
					parserContext.getReaderContext().error(
							ex.getMessage(), parserContext.extractSource(element), ex.getCause());
				}
			}
		}
	}

上面不重要的方法我已經刪掉了,首先獲取use-default-filters屬性,傳入到ClassPathBeanDefinitionScanner構造器中判斷是否使用默認的過濾器,若是是就調用registerDefaultFilters方法將@Component註解過濾器添加到includeFilters屬性中;建立後緊接着調用了parseTypeFilters方法去解析include-filterexclude-filter子標籤,並分別添加到includeFiltersexcludeFilters標籤中(關於這兩個標籤的做用這裏再也不贅述),因此這一步就是建立包含過濾器的class掃描器,接着就能夠調用scan方法完成掃描註冊了(若是咱們要自定義註解是否是也能夠這樣實現呢?)。post

protected Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> doScan(String... basePackages) {
		Assert.notEmpty(basePackages, "At least one base package must be specified");
		Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions = new LinkedHashSet<>();
		for (String basePackage : basePackages) {
			// 這裏就是實際掃描符合條件的類並封裝爲ScannedGenericBeanDefinition對象
			Set<BeanDefinition> candidates = findCandidateComponents(basePackage);
			// 接着在每一個單獨解析未解析的信息並註冊到緩存中
			for (BeanDefinition candidate : candidates) {
				ScopeMetadata scopeMetadata = this.scopeMetadataResolver.resolveScopeMetadata(candidate);
				candidate.setScope(scopeMetadata.getScopeName());
				String beanName = this.beanNameGenerator.generateBeanName(candidate, this.registry);
				if (candidate instanceof AbstractBeanDefinition) {
					postProcessBeanDefinition((AbstractBeanDefinition) candidate, beanName);
				}
				// 解析@Lazy、@Primary、@DependsOn等註解
				if (candidate instanceof AnnotatedBeanDefinition) {
					AnnotationConfigUtils.processCommonDefinitionAnnotations((AnnotatedBeanDefinition) candidate);
				}
				if (checkCandidate(beanName, candidate)) {
					BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder = new BeanDefinitionHolder(candidate, beanName);
					definitionHolder =
							AnnotationConfigUtils.applyScopedProxyMode(scopeMetadata, definitionHolder, this.registry);
					beanDefinitions.add(definitionHolder);
					registerBeanDefinition(definitionHolder, this.registry);
				}
			}
		}
		return beanDefinitions;
	}

	public Set<BeanDefinition> findCandidateComponents(String basePackage) {
		if (this.componentsIndex != null && indexSupportsIncludeFilters()) {
			return addCandidateComponentsFromIndex(this.componentsIndex, basePackage);
		}
		else {
			// 主要看這,掃描全部符合條件的class文件並封裝爲ScannedGenericBeanDefinition
			return scanCandidateComponents(basePackage);
		}
	}

	private Set<BeanDefinition> scanCandidateComponents(String basePackage) {
		Set<BeanDefinition> candidates = new LinkedHashSet<>();
		try {
			String packageSearchPath = ResourcePatternResolver.CLASSPATH_ALL_URL_PREFIX +
					resolveBasePackage(basePackage) + '/' + this.resourcePattern;
			// 獲取class文件並加載爲Resource
			Resource[] resources = getResourcePatternResolver().getResources(packageSearchPath);
			boolean traceEnabled = logger.isTraceEnabled();
			boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
			for (Resource resource : resources) {
				if (traceEnabled) {
					logger.trace("Scanning " + resource);
				}
				if (resource.isReadable()) {
					try {
						// 獲取SimpleMetadataReader對象,該對象持有AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor對象
						MetadataReader metadataReader = getMetadataReaderFactory().getMetadataReader(resource);
						if (isCandidateComponent(metadataReader)) {
							// 將AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor對象設置到ScannedGenericBeanDefinition中
							ScannedGenericBeanDefinition sbd = new ScannedGenericBeanDefinition(metadataReader);
							sbd.setResource(resource);
							sbd.setSource(resource);
							if (isCandidateComponent(sbd)) {
								if (debugEnabled) {
									logger.debug("Identified candidate component class: " + resource);
								}
								candidates.add(sbd);
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return candidates;
	}

這個方法實現很複雜,首先是掃描找到符合條件的類並封裝成BeanDefinition對象,接着去設置該對象是否可做爲根據類型自動裝配的標記,而後解析@Lazy、@Primary、@DependsOn等註解,最後纔將其註冊到容器中。
須要注意的是和xml解析不一樣的是在掃描過程當中,建立的是ScannedGenericBeanDefinition對象:
在這裏插入圖片描述
該類是GenericBeanDefinition對象的子類,並持有了AnnotationMetadata對象的引用,進入下面這行代碼:學習

MetadataReader metadataReader = getMetadataReaderFactory().getMetadataReader(resource);

咱們能夠發現AnnotationMetadata其實是AnnotationMetadataReadingVisitor對象:在這裏插入圖片描述
從上圖中咱們能夠看到該對象具備不少屬性,基本上包含了咱們類的全部信息,因此後面在對象實例化時須要的信息都是來自於這裏。
以上就是Spring註解的掃描解析過程,如今還剩一個方法registerComponents,它是作什麼的呢?this

protected void registerComponents(
			XmlReaderContext readerContext, Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> beanDefinitions, Element element) {

		Object source = readerContext.extractSource(element);
		CompositeComponentDefinition compositeDef = new CompositeComponentDefinition(element.getTagName(), source);

		for (BeanDefinitionHolder beanDefHolder : beanDefinitions) {
			compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(beanDefHolder));
		}

		// Register annotation config processors, if necessary.
		boolean annotationConfig = true;
		if (element.hasAttribute(ANNOTATION_CONFIG_ATTRIBUTE)) {
			annotationConfig = Boolean.valueOf(element.getAttribute(ANNOTATION_CONFIG_ATTRIBUTE));
		}
		if (annotationConfig) {
			Set<BeanDefinitionHolder> processorDefinitions =
					AnnotationConfigUtils.registerAnnotationConfigProcessors(readerContext.getRegistry(), source);
			for (BeanDefinitionHolder processorDefinition : processorDefinitions) {
				compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(processorDefinition));
			}
		}

		readerContext.fireComponentRegistered(compositeDef);
	}

在該標籤中有一個屬性annotation-config,該屬性的做用是,當配置爲true時,纔會去註冊一個個BeanPostProcessor類,這個類很是重要,好比:ConfigurationClassPostProcessor支持@Configuration註解,AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor支持@Autowired註解,CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor支持@Resource、@PostConstruct、@PreDestroy等註解。這裏只是簡單提提,詳細分析留待後篇。
至此,自定義標籤和註解的解析原理就分析完了,下面就看看如何定義咱們本身的標籤。

定義咱們本身的標籤

經過上面的分析,我相信對於定義本身的標籤流程應該大體清楚了,以下:

  1. 首先定義一個標籤,並在classpath/META-INF文件夾下建立一個spring.schema文件,在文件中指定標籤url和xsd文件的對應關係(xsd是定義標籤規範的文件)
  2. 其次定義其NamespaceHandler類,讓它繼承NamespaceHandlerSupport類;
  3. 而後定義標籤對應的解析器,並實現parse方法,在parse方法中解析咱們的標籤,將其封裝爲BeanDefinition對象並註冊到容器中;
  4. 最後在classpath/META-INF文件夾下建立一個spring.handler文件,並定義標籤的命名空間和NamespaceHandler的映射關係。

這就是咱們從以前的源碼分析中理解到的,但這裏實際還忽略了一個步驟,這也是以前分析時沒講到的,你能想到是什麼麼?咱們設計的標籤需不須要一個規範?不可能讓其餘人隨便寫,不然怎麼識別呢?所以須要一個規範約束。一樣,在Spring的META-INF文件夾下都會有一個spring.schemas文件,該文件和spring.handler文件同樣,定義了約束文件和約束命名空間的映射關係,下面就是context的spring.schemas文件部份內容:

http\://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd=org/springframework/context/config/spring-context.xsd
......
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd=org/springframework/cache/config/spring-cache.xsd

可是這個文件是在何時被讀取的呢?是否是應該在解析xml以前就把規範設置好?實際上就是在調用XmlBeanDefinitionReaderdoLoadDocument方法時讀取的該文件:

protected Document doLoadDocument(InputSource inputSource, Resource resource) throws Exception {
		return this.documentLoader.loadDocument(inputSource, getEntityResolver(), this.errorHandler,
				getValidationModeForResource(resource), isNamespaceAware());
	}

	protected EntityResolver getEntityResolver() {
		if (this.entityResolver == null) {
			// Determine default EntityResolver to use.
			ResourceLoader resourceLoader = getResourceLoader();
			if (resourceLoader != null) {
				this.entityResolver = new ResourceEntityResolver(resourceLoader);
			}
			else {
				this.entityResolver = new DelegatingEntityResolver(getBeanClassLoader());
			}
		}
		return this.entityResolver;
	}

	public DelegatingEntityResolver(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
		this.dtdResolver = new BeansDtdResolver();
		this.schemaResolver = new PluggableSchemaResolver(classLoader);
	}

	public static final String DEFAULT_SCHEMA_MAPPINGS_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.schemas";
	public PluggableSchemaResolver(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) {
		this.classLoader = classLoader;
		this.schemaMappingsLocation = DEFAULT_SCHEMA_MAPPINGS_LOCATION;
	}

總結

經過兩篇文章完成了對Spring XML標籤和註解解析的源碼分析,總體流程多看幾遍仍是不復雜,關鍵是要學習到其中的設計思想:裝飾、模板、委託、SPI;掌握其中咱們可使用到的擴展點:xml解析先後擴展、自定義標籤擴展、自定義註解擴展(本篇沒有講解,能夠思考一下);深入理解BeanDefinition對象,能夠看到全部標籤和註解類都會封裝爲該對象,所以接下來對象實例化都是根據該對象進行的。

相關文章
相關標籤/搜索