CentOS 搭建 K8S，一次性成功，收藏了！
一. 爲何是k8s v1.16.0？
最新版的v1.16.2試過了，一直沒法安裝完成，安裝到kubeadm init那一步執行後，報了不少錯，如：node xxx not found等。centos7都重裝了幾回，仍是沒法解決。用了一天都沒安裝完，差點放棄。後來在網上搜到的安裝教程基本都是v1.16.0的，我不太相信是v1.16.2的坑因此先前沒打算降級到v1.16.0。沒辦法了就試着安裝v1.16.0版本，居然成功了。記錄在此，避免後來者踩坑。node
本篇文章，安裝大步驟以下：linux
- 安裝docker-ce 18.09.9（全部機器）
- 設置k8s環境前置條件（全部機器）
- 安裝k8s v1.16.0 master管理節點
- 安裝k8s v1.16.0 node工做節點
- 安裝flannel（master）
這裏有重要的一步，請記住本身master和node之間通訊的ip，如個人master的ip爲192.168.99.104，node的ip爲：192.168.99.105. 請確保使用這兩個ip在master和node上能互相ping通，這個master的ip 192.168.99.104接下來配置k8s的時候須要用到。git
個人環境：github
- 操做系統：win10
- 虛擬機：virtual box
- linux發行版：CentOS7
- linux內核(使用uname -r查看)：3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64
- master和node節點通訊的ip(master)：192.168.99.104
二. 安裝docker-ce 18.09.9（全部機器）
全部安裝k8s的機器都須要安裝docker，命令以下：docker
# 安裝docker所需的工具 yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 # 配置阿里雲的docker源 yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo # 指定安裝這個版本的docker-ce yum install -y docker-ce-18.09.9-3.el7 # 啓動docker systemctl enable docker && systemctl start docker
三. 設置k8s環境準備條件（全部機器）
安裝k8s的機器須要2個CPU和2g內存以上，這個簡單，在虛擬機裏面配置一下就能夠了。而後執行如下腳本作一些準備操做。全部安裝k8s的機器都須要這一步操做。json
# 關閉防火牆 systemctl disable firewalld systemctl stop firewalld # 關閉selinux # 臨時禁用selinux setenforce 0 # 永久關閉 修改/etc/sysconfig/selinux文件設置 sed -i 's/SELINUX=permissive/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/g" /etc/selinux/config # 禁用交換分區 swapoff -a # 永久禁用，打開/etc/fstab註釋掉swap那一行。 sed -i 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab # 修改內核參數 cat <<EOF > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1 EOF sysctl --system
四. 安裝k8s v1.16.0 master管理節點
若是還沒安裝docker，請參照本文步驟二安裝docker-ce 18.09.9（全部機器）安裝。若是沒設置k8s環境準備條件，請參照本文步驟三設置k8s環境準備條件（全部機器）執行。centos
以上兩個步驟檢查完畢以後，繼續如下步驟。api
- 安裝kubeadm、kubelet、kubectl
因爲官方k8s源在google，國內沒法訪問，這裏使用阿里雲yum源app
# 執行配置k8s阿里雲源 cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF # 安裝kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet yum install -y kubectl-1.16.0-0 kubeadm-1.16.0-0 kubelet-1.16.0-0 # 啓動kubelet服務 systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
- 初始化k8s 如下這個命令開始安裝k8s須要用到的docker鏡像，由於沒法訪問到國外網站，因此這條命令使用的是國內的阿里雲的源(registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers)。另外一個很是重要的是：這裏的--apiserver-advertise-address使用的是master和node間能互相ping通的ip，我這裏是192.168.99.104，剛開始在這裏被坑了一個晚上，你請本身修改下ip執行。這條命令執行時會卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull，大概須要2分鐘，請耐心等待。
# 下載管理節點中用到的6個docker鏡像，你可使用docker images查看到 # 這裏須要大概兩分鐘等待，會卡在[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using ''kubeadm config images pull kubeadm init --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.16.0 --apiserver-advertise-address 192.168.99.104 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --token-ttl 0
上面安裝完後，會提示你輸入以下命令，複製粘貼過來，執行便可。工具
# 上面安裝完成後，k8s會提示你輸入以下命令，執行 mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
- 記住node加入集羣的命令 上面kubeadm init執行成功後會返回給你node節點加入集羣的命令，等會要在node節點上執行，須要保存下來，若是忘記了，可使用以下命令獲取。
kubeadm token create --print-join-command
以上，安裝master節點完畢。可使用kubectl get nodes查看一下，此時master處於NotReady狀態，暫時不用管。
五. 安裝k8s v1.16.0 node工做節點
若是還沒安裝docker，請參照本文步驟二安裝docker-ce 18.09.9（全部機器）安裝。若是沒設置k8s環境準備條件，請參照本文步驟三設置k8s環境準備條件（全部機器）執行。
以上兩個步驟檢查完畢以後，繼續如下步驟。
- 安裝kubeadm、kubelet
# 執行配置k8s阿里雲源 cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo [kubernetes] name=Kubernetes baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/ enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 repo_gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg EOF # 安裝kubeadm、kubectl、kubelet yum install -y kubeadm-1.16.0-0 kubelet-1.16.0-0 # 啓動kubelet服務 systemctl enable kubelet && systemctl start kubelet
- 加入集羣 這裏加入集羣的命令每一個人都不同，能夠登陸master節點，使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command 來獲取。獲取後執行以下。
# 加入集羣，若是這裏不知道加入集羣的命令，能夠登陸master節點，使用kubeadm token create --print-join-command 來獲取 kubeadm join 192.168.99.104:6443 --token ncfrid.7ap0xiseuf97gikl --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:47783e9851a1a517647f1986225f104e81dbfd8fb256ae55ef6d68ce9334c6a2
加入成功後，能夠在master節點上使用kubectl get nodes命令查看到加入的節點。
六. 安裝flannel（master機器）
以上步驟安裝完後，機器搭建起來了，但狀態仍是NotReady狀態，以下圖，master機器須要安裝flanneld。
- 下載官方fannel配置文件 使用wget命令，地址爲：(https://raw.githubusercontent...，這個地址國內訪問不了，因此我把內容複製下來，爲了不前面文章過長，我把它粘貼到文章末尾第八個步驟附錄了。這個yml配置文件中配置了一個國內沒法訪問的地址(quay.io)，我已經將其改成國內能夠訪問的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com)。咱們新建一個kube-flannel.yml文件，複製粘貼該內容便可。
- 安裝fannel
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
七. 大功告成
至此，k8s集羣搭建完成，以下圖節點已爲Ready狀態，大功告成，完結撒花。
八. 附錄
這是kube-flannel.yml文件的內容，已經將沒法訪問的地址(quay.io)所有改成國內能夠訪問的地址(quay-mirror.qiniu.com)。咱們新建一個kube-flannel.yml文件，複製粘貼該內容便可。
---
apiVersion: policy/v1beta1
kind: PodSecurityPolicy
metadata:
name: psp.flannel.unprivileged
annotations:
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: docker/default
seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: docker/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/allowedProfileNames: runtime/default
apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
spec:
privileged: false
volumes:
- configMap
- secret
- emptyDir
- hostPath
allowedHostPaths:
- pathPrefix: "/etc/cni/net.d"
- pathPrefix: "/etc/kube-flannel"
- pathPrefix: "/run/flannel"
readOnlyRootFilesystem: false
# Users and groups
runAsUser:
rule: RunAsAny
supplementalGroups:
rule: RunAsAny
fsGroup:
rule: RunAsAny
# Privilege Escalation
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
defaultAllowPrivilegeEscalation: false
# Capabilities
allowedCapabilities: ['NET_ADMIN']
defaultAddCapabilities: []
requiredDropCapabilities: []
# Host namespaces
hostPID: false
hostIPC: false
hostNetwork: true
hostPorts:
- min: 0
max: 65535
# SELinux
seLinux:
# SELinux is unused in CaaSP
rule: 'RunAsAny'
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
rules:
- apiGroups: ['extensions']
resources: ['podsecuritypolicies']
verbs: ['use']
resourceNames: ['psp.flannel.unprivileged']
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- pods
verbs:
- get
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes
verbs:
- list
- watch
- apiGroups:
- ""
resources:
- nodes/status
verbs:
- patch
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
name: flannel
roleRef:
apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
kind: ClusterRole
name: flannel
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
name: flannel
namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
data:
cni-conf.json: |
{
"name": "cbr0",
"cniVersion": "0.3.1",
"plugins": [
{
"type": "flannel",
"delegate": {
"hairpinMode": true,
"isDefaultGateway": true
}
},
{
"type": "portmap",
"capabilities": {
"portMappings": true
}
}
]
}
net-conf.json: |
{
"Network": "10.244.0.0/16",
"Backend": {
"Type": "vxlan"
}
}
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-amd64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- amd64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-amd64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm64
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm64
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm64
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-arm
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- arm
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-arm
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-ppc64le
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- ppc64le
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-ppc64le
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
name: kube-flannel-ds-s390x
namespace: kube-system
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
selector:
matchLabels:
app: flannel
template:
metadata:
labels:
tier: node
app: flannel
spec:
affinity:
nodeAffinity:
requiredDuringSchedulingIgnoredDuringExecution:
nodeSelectorTerms:
- matchExpressions:
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/os
operator: In
values:
- linux
- key: beta.kubernetes.io/arch
operator: In
values:
- s390x
hostNetwork: true
tolerations:
- operator: Exists
effect: NoSchedule
serviceAccountName: flannel
initContainers:
- name: install-cni
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- cp
args:
- -f
- /etc/kube-flannel/cni-conf.json
- /etc/cni/net.d/10-flannel.conflist
volumeMounts:
- name: cni
mountPath: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
containers:
- name: kube-flannel
image: quay-mirror.qiniu.com/coreos/flannel:v0.11.0-s390x
command:
- /opt/bin/flanneld
args:
- --ip-masq
- --kube-subnet-mgr
resources:
requests:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
limits:
cpu: "100m"
memory: "50Mi"
securityContext:
privileged: false
capabilities:
add: ["NET_ADMIN"]
env:
- name: POD_NAME
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.name
- name: POD_NAMESPACE
valueFrom:
fieldRef:
fieldPath: metadata.namespace
volumeMounts:
- name: run
mountPath: /run/flannel
- name: flannel-cfg
mountPath: /etc/kube-flannel/
volumes:
- name: run
hostPath:
path: /run/flannel
- name: cni
hostPath:
path: /etc/cni/net.d
- name: flannel-cfg
configMap:
name: kube-flannel-cfg
原文：https://www.jianshu.com/p/25c...
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