今天整理了一下在django項目中如何使用mongodb, 環境以下:
ubuntu18.04, django2.0.5, drf3.9, mongoengine0.16mysql
第一步:在settings.py中配置mongodb和mysql,配置以下(能夠同時使用mysql和mongodb):git
DATABASES = { 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql', # 數據庫引擎 'NAME': 'django_test2', # 你要存儲數據的庫名,事先要建立之 'USER': 'root', # 數據庫用戶名 'PASSWORD': 'wyzane', # 密碼 'HOST': 'localhost', # 主機 'PORT': '3306', # 數據庫使用的端口 }, 'mongotest': { 'ENGINE': None, } } import mongoengine # 鏈接mongodb中數據庫名稱爲mongotest5的數據庫 conn = mongoengine.connect("mongotest")
第二步:向mongodb中插入數據
1.插入json類型數據github
models.py: import mongoengine class StudentModel(mongoengine.Document): name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) age = mongoengine.IntField() password = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) views.py: from rest_framework.views import APIView class FirstMongoView(APIView): def post(self, request): name = request.data["name"] age = request.data["age"] password = request.data["password"] StudentModel.objects.create(name=name, age=age, password=password) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))
插入數據格式爲:sql
{ "name": "nihao", "age": 18, "password": "123456" }
2.插入含有list的json數據mongodb
models.py: import mongoengine class Student2Model(mongoengine.Document): name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) # 用於存儲list類型的數據 score = mongoengine.ListField() views.py: from rest_framework.views import APIView class FirstMongo2View(APIView): def post(self, request): name = request.data["name"] score = request.data["score"] Student2Model.objects.create(name=name, score=score) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))
插入數據格式爲:數據庫
{ "name": "test", "score": [12, 13] }
3.插入含有dict和list的複雜json數據django
models.py: import mongoengine class Student3Model(mongoengine.Document): name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) # DictField用於存儲字典類型的數據 score = mongoengine.DictField() views.py: from rest_framework.views import APIView class FirstMongo3View(APIView): def post(self, request): name = request.data["name"] score = request.data["score"] Student3Model.objects.create(name=name, score=score) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code=10000))
插入數據格式爲:json
{ "name": "test", "score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": 13} } 或者: { "name": "test", "score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": 14}} } 或者: { "name": "test", "score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": {"xiaoliu": 12, "xiaojian": 18}}} } 或者: { "name": "test", "score": {"xiaoming": 12, "xiaoli": {"xiaozhao": {"xiaoliu": 12, "xiaojian": [12,13,14]}}} }
第三步:查詢mongodb中的數據
1.查詢並序列化複雜json數據ubuntu
serializers.py: class StudentSerializer(serializers.Serializer): name = serializers.CharField() score = serializers.DictField() # 序列化複雜的json數據 # DictField與EmbeddedDocumentField相似,可是比EmbeddedDocumentField更靈活 views.py: class FirstMongo4View(APIView): def get(self, request): student_info = Student3Model.objects.all() # 增長過濾條件 # student_info = Student3Model.objects.filter(name="test1") ser = StudentSerializer(instance=student_info, many=True) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code="10000", data=ser.data))
2.序列化mongodb中含有嵌套關係的兩個documentpost
models.py: class AuthorModel(mongoengine.EmbeddedDocument): author_name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=32) age = mongoengine.IntField() class BookModel(mongoengine.Document): book_name = mongoengine.StringField(max_length=64) publish = mongoengine.DateTimeField(default=datetime.datetime.utcnow()) words = mongoengine.IntField() author = mongoengine.EmbeddedDocumentField(AuthorModel) serializers.py: 序列化時注意與rest_framework的序列化中DictField()的區別 from rest_framework_mongoengine import serializers as s1 class AuthorSerializer(s1.DocumentSerializer): # DocumentSerializer繼承自drf中的ModelSerializer,用於代替ModelSerializer序列化mongodb中的document. # 具體能夠到官網上查看 class Meta: model = AuthorModel fields = ('author_name', 'age') class BookSerializer(s1.DocumentSerializer): author = AuthorSerializer() class Meta: model = BookModel fields = ('book_name', 'publish', 'words', 'author') AuthorSerializer還能夠這樣寫: class AuthorSerializer(s1.EmbeddedDocumentSerializer): # EmbeddedDocumentSerializer繼承了DocumentSerializer class Meta: model = AuthorModel fields = ('author_name', 'age') views.py: class BookView(APIView): def get(self, request): """ 查詢數據 :param request: :return: """ books = BookModel.objects.all() ser = BookSerializer(instance=books, many=True) return Response(dict(msg="OK", code="10000", data=ser.data))
序列化mongodb中相關聯的兩個表時,若是序列化器繼承自rest_framework中的Serializer和ModelSerializer,會拋出以下異常:
Django serialization to JSON error: 'MetaDict' object has no attribute 'concrete_model'
此時,序列化器須要繼承自rest_framework_mongoengine的類,具體能夠查看官網:
http://umutbozkurt.github.io/...
今天就聊到這裏,若有問題,歡迎交流。