Python隨筆(三)、python基礎

1、練習：

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
""" 
@author:Administrator 
@file: dictionary.py
@time: 2017/11/19 
"""
'''
有以下集合[11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,110,121,132,143,154,165,176,187]，將全部大於66的值保存在字典的第一個key中，將小於66的值保存在第二個key的值中
即：{'k1'：大於66，'k2':小於66}
'''
######方法一
#dic = {}
#all_list = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,110,121,132,143,154,165,176,187]
#for i in all_list:
#    if i > 66:
#        if "k1" in dic.keys():
#            dic["k1"].append(i)
#        else:
#            dic['k1'] = [i,]
#    else:
#        if "k2" in dic.keys():
#            dic["k2"].append(i)
#        else:
#            dic['k2'] = [i,]
#print(dic['k1'])
#print(dic['k2'])

#方法2、
all_list = [11,22,33,44,55,66,77,88,99,110,121,132,143,154,165,176,187]
dic = {'k1':[],'k2':[]}
for item in all_list:
    if item>66:
        dic["k1"].append(item)
    else:
        dic["k2"].append(item)
print(dic['k1'])
print(dic['k2'])

set集合：

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
""" 
@author:Administrator 
@file: set.py
@time: 2017/11/20 
"""
#爬蟲
s1 = set()
s1.add("alex")
print(s1)
s1.add('alex')
print(s1)

返回結果：

{'alex'}

{'alex'}

#訪問速度快

#天生解決了重複問題

clear

copy

過濾重複功能：

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
""" 
@author:Administrator 
@file: set.py
@time: 2017/11/20 
"""
#爬蟲
s2 = set(["alex","eric","tony","alex"])
print(s2)

返回結果：

{'eric', 'alex', 'tony'}

difference

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
""" 
@author:Administrator 
@file: set.py
@time: 2017/11/20 
"""
#爬蟲
s2 = set(["alex","eric","tony","alex"])
print(s2)

s3 = s2.difference(["alex","eric"])
print(s3)

返回結果：

{'tony', 'eric', 'alex'}

{'tony'}

difference

difference_update

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
""" 
@author:Administrator 
@file: set.py
@time: 2017/11/20 
"""
#爬蟲
#去除重複的集合
s2 = set(["alex","eric","tony","alex"])
print(s2)
#與s2不相同的部分
s3 = s2.difference(["alex","eric"])
print(s3)
#刪除當前set中的全部包含在參數集合裏的
s4 = s2.difference_update(["alex","eric"])
print(s4)

返回結果：

{'tony', 'eric', 'alex'}

{'tony'}

None

intersection    取交集

isdisjoint         若是沒有交集返回true

issubset           是不是子集

issuperset        是不是父集

pop                  移除

remove             移除

symmetric_difference_update   差集

union                並集

update              更新

# 數據庫中原有

old_dict  =  {

     "#1" :{  'hostname' :c1,  'cpu_count' :  2 ,  'mem_capicity' :  80  },

     "#2" :{  'hostname' :c1,  'cpu_count' :  2 ,  'mem_capicity' :  80  }

     "#3" :{  'hostname' :c1,  'cpu_count' :  2 ,  'mem_capicity' :  80  }

}

  

# cmdb 新彙報的數據

new_dict  =  {

     "#1" :{  'hostname' :c1,  'cpu_count' :  2 ,  'mem_capicity' :  800  },

     "#3" :{  'hostname' :c1,  'cpu_count' :  2 ,  'mem_capicity' :  80  }

     "#4" :{  'hostname' :c2,  'cpu_count' :  2 ,  'mem_capicity' :  80  }

}

交集：要更新的數據

差集：原來，要更新

一、原來沒有  --》 新加入

二、原來有      --》 更新

三、新無，原來有  --》原來刪除

三個列表：

    要更新的數據

    要刪除

    要添加

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
""" 
@author:Administrator 
@file: set.py
@time: 2017/11/20 
"""


# 數據庫中原有
old_dict = {
    "#1":{ 'hostname':"c1", 'cpu_count': 2, 'mem_capicity': 80 },
    "#2":{ 'hostname':"c1", 'cpu_count': 2, 'mem_capicity': 80 },
    "#3":{ 'hostname':"c1", 'cpu_count': 2, 'mem_capicity': 80 },
}

# cmdb 新彙報的數據
new_dict = {
    "#1":{ 'hostname':"c1", 'cpu_count': 2, 'mem_capicity': 800 },
    "#3":{ 'hostname':"c1", 'cpu_count': 2, 'mem_capicity': 80 },
    "#4":{ 'hostname':"c2", 'cpu_count': 2, 'mem_capicity': 80 },
}
old = set(old_dict.keys())
new = set(new_dict.keys())
#更新的集合
update_set = old.intersection(new)
#刪除的集合
delete_set = old.symmetric_difference(new)
#添加的集合
add_set = new.symmetric_difference(update_set)
print(update_set)
print(delete_set)
print(add_set)
print(old)
print(new)

返回結果：

{'#1', '#3'}

{'#2', '#4'}

None

{'#1', '#2', '#3'}

{'#4'}

例子：

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
""" 
@author:Administrator 
@file: s1.py
@time: 2017/11/20 
"""
s1 = set([11,22,33])
s2 = set([22,44])
ret1 = s1.difference(s2)
ret2 = s1.symmetric_difference(s2)
print(ret1)
print(ret2)

返回結果：

{33, 11}

{33, 11, 44}

collections系列

http://www.cnblogs.com/wupeiqi/articles/5115190.html

collections   計數器     

most_common      最多的次數

element                 全部的元素

orderedDict   有序字典

pop

popitem

setdefault     設置默認值

update         更新原來的數據

默認字典：

可命名元祖：建立類

雙向隊列（deque）

http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-kdfuwkyc-bz.html

單向隊列(queue),須要導入queue模塊

https://www.cnblogs.com/zhenwei66/p/6599136.html

郵件模塊：

#!usr/bin/env python 
#-*- coding:utf-8 _*-  
""" 
@author:Administrator 
@file: mail.py 
@time: 2017/12/19 
"""
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.utils import formataddr
def mail():
    ret = True
    try:
        msg = MIMEText('how are you,you are a good men','plain','utf-8')
        msg["From"] = formataddr(["陳繼鬆",'chenjisong@wtoip.com'])
        msg["To"] = formataddr(["406564728@qq.com",'406564728@qq.com'])
        msg['Subject'] = "主題"

        server = smtplib.SMTP("smtp.wtoip.com",25)
        server.login("chenjisong@wtoip.com","**************")
        server.sendmail('chenjisong@wtoip.com',["406564728@qq.com",], msg.as_string())
        server.quit()
        return ret
    except Exception:
        ret = False
        return ret

ret = mail()
if ret:
    print('發送成功')
else:
    print('發送失敗')

默認參數：

def show(a1,a2=999,a3=333,a4=444,a5=555):
    print(a1,a2,a3,a4,a5)
show(111,222,333,444,555)

指定參數：

def show(a1,a2):
    print(a1,a2)
show(a2=33334,a1=555556)

動態參數，個數無限制
def show(**arg):
    print(arg,type(arg))
show(a1=123,a2=456,a3=789)
返回結果:
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
{'a1': 123, 'a2': 456, 'a3': 789} <class 'dict'>

動態參數(強強聯合)：
def show(*args,**kwargs):
    print(args,type(args))
    print(kwargs,type(kwargs))
show(11,222,33,44,n1=88,alex="sb")
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
(11, 222, 33, 44) <class 'tuple'>
{'n1': 88, 'alex': 'sb'} <class 'dict'>

def show(*args,**kwargs):
    print(args,type(args))
    print(kwargs,type(kwargs))
l = [11,22,33,44]
d = {'n1':88,'alex':'sb'}
show(l,d)
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
([11, 22, 33, 44], {'n1': 88, 'alex': 'sb'}) <class 'tuple'>
{} <class 'dict'>

若是我想把l放入列表裏面，把d放入字典裏面，則：
def show(*args,**kwargs):
    print(args,type(args))
    print(kwargs,type(kwargs))
l = [11,22,33,44]
d = {'n1':88,'alex':'sb'}
show(*l,**d)
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
(11, 22, 33, 44) <class 'tuple'>
{'n1': 88, 'alex': 'sb'} <class 'dict'>

22 python s12 day3 使用動態參數實現字符串格式化
一、
alex = sb的三種方式：
s1 = "{name} is {acter}"
d = {'name':'alex','acter':'sb'}
#result = s1.format(name='alex',acter='sb')
result = s1.format(**d)
print(result)
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
alex is sb

二、字符串格式化
s1 = "{name} is {acter}"
result = s1.format(name='alex',acter='sb')
print(result)
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
alex is sb

三、
s1 = "{0} is {1}"
l = ['alex','sb']
result = s1.format('alex','sb')
result = s1.format(*l)
print(result)
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
alex is sb

23 python s12 day3 Python lambda表達式
def func(a):
    a +=1
    return a
result = func(4)
print(result)
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
5
lambda表達式,簡單函數的表示方式：
func = lambda a: a+1
#建立形式參數a
#函數內容a+1,並把結果return
ret = func(99)
print(ret)
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
100

2四、內置函數：
#絕對值：
a = -100
b = a.__abs__()
print(b)
返回結果：
E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py
100

更多詳見：http://www.runoob.com/python/python-built-in-functions.html map的巧用:li = [11,22,33,44]new_li = map(lambda x:x+100,li)l = list(new_li)print(l)返回結果：E:\Python36\python.exe C:/Users/Administrator/PycharmProjects/2017-12-10/2017-12-19/s4.py[111, 122, 133, 144]