java隨機數

In this article, we’re going to show how to generate a random String in Java – first using the standard Java libraries and the using the Apache Commons Lang library.

This article is part of the 「Java – Back to Basic」 series here on Baeldung.

1. Generate Random Unbounded String with Plain Java

Let’s start simple and generate a random String bounded to 7 characters:

@Test public void givenUsingPlainJava_whenGeneratingRandomStringUnbounded_thenCorrect() { byte[] array = new byte[7]; // length is bounded by 7 new Random().nextBytes(array); String generatedString = new String(array, Charset.forName("UTF-8"));

System.out.println(generatedString);

} Keep in mind that the new String will not be anything remotely alphanumeric.

2. Generate Random Bounded String with Plain Java

Next – let’s look at creating a more constrained random String; we’re going to generate a random String using lowercase alphabetic letters and a set length:

@Test public void givenUsingPlainJava_whenGeneratingRandomStringBounded_thenCorrect() {

int leftLimit = 97; // letter 'a'
int rightLimit = 122; // letter 'z'
int targetStringLength = 10;
StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(targetStringLength);
for (int i = 0; i < targetStringLength; i++) {
    int randomLimitedInt = leftLimit + (int) 
      (new Random().nextFloat() * (rightLimit - leftLimit + 1));
    buffer.append((char) randomLimitedInt);
}
String generatedString = buffer.toString();

System.out.println(generatedString);

}

3. Generate Bounded Random String with Apache Commons Lang

The Commons Lang library from Apache helps a lot with random String generation. Let’s take a look at generating a bounded String using only letters:

@Test public void givenUsingApache_whenGeneratingRandomStringBounded_thenCorrect() {

int length = 10;
boolean useLetters = true;
boolean useNumbers = false;
String generatedString = RandomStringUtils.random(length, useLetters, useNumbers);

System.out.println(generatedString);

} So – instead of all the low-level code in the Java example – this one is done with a simple one-liner. ** 4. Generate Alphabetic String with Apache Commons Lang**

Another very simple example – this time a bounded String with only alphabetic characters, but without passing boolean flags into the API: @Test public void givenUsingApache_whenGeneratingRandomAlphabeticString_thenCorrect() { String generatedString = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphabetic(10);

System.out.println(generatedString);

}

5. Generate Alphanumeric String with Apache Commons Lang

And finally – the same random bounded String but this time – numeric: @Test public void givenUsingApache_whenGeneratingRandomAlphanumericString_thenCorrect() { String generatedString = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10);

System.out.println(generatedString);

} And there you have it – creating bounded and unbounded Strings with either plain Java or the Apache Commons Library.

6. Conclusion

Through different implementation methods we were able to generate bound and unbound strings, using plain Java or the Apache Commons Library.

The implementation of all of these examples and snippets can be found in the GitHub project. This is a Maven-based project so it should be easy to import and run.