原文連接👉 Jackson使用指南java
從事JAVA開發工做以來,一直都離不開Jackson的序列化反序列化,對於Jackson的使用也一直處於夠用但不深刻的狀態,下面是平常使用過程當中對Jackson的總結。node
像普通屬性同樣序列化Mapgit
public class ExtendableBean {
public String name;
private Map<String, String> properties;
@JsonAnyGetter
public Map<String, String> getProperties() {
return properties;
}
}
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序列化示例:github
{
"name":"My bean",
"attr2":"val2",
"attr1":"val1"
}
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將指定的方法標記爲
getter
方法。能夠用來代替@JsonProperty
json
public class MyBean {
public int id;
private String name;
@JsonGetter("name")
public String getTheName() {
return name;
}
}
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序列化示例:數組
{
"id": 1,
"name":"My bean"
}
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用在類上,在序列化的時候自定義屬性輸出順序app
@JsonPropertyOrder({ "name", "id" })
public class MyBean {
public int id;
public String name;
}
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序列化示例:ide
{
"name":"My bean",
"id": 1
}
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徹底按照原樣序列化屬性的值函數
public class RawBean {
public String name;
@JsonRawValue
public String json;
}
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例如:jsonp
RawBean bean = new RawBean("My bean", "{\"attr\":false}");
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將序列化爲:
{
"name":"My bean",
"json":{
"attr":false
}
}
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而不是:
{
"name":"My bean",
"json":"{\"attr\":false}"
}
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定義整個實體的序列化方法,Jackson將會使用該方法的輸出做爲序列化輸出。
public enum TypeEnumWithValue {
TYPE1(1, "Type A"), TYPE2(2, "Type 2");
private Integer id;
private String name;
// standard constructors
@JsonValue
public String getName() {
return name;
}
}
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序列化示例:
{
"name": "Type 2"
}
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若是須要將實體包裝一層,可使用
@JsonRootName
來指定根包裝器的名稱
@JsonRootName(value = "user")
public class UserWithRoot {
public int id;
public String name;
}
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序列化示例:
{
"user": {
"id": 1,
"name": "John"
}
}
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若是不用該註解,將會序列化爲:
{
"id": 1,
"name": "John"
}
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用於指定自定義序列化器來序列化實體
public class Event {
public String name;
@JsonSerialize(using = CustomDateSerializer.class)
public Date eventDate;
}
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自定義序列化器以下:
public class CustomDateSerializer extends StdSerializer<Date> {
private static SimpleDateFormat formatter
= new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy hh:mm:ss");
public CustomDateSerializer() {
this(null);
}
public CustomDateSerializer(Class<Date> t) {
super(t);
}
@Override
public void serialize( Date value, JsonGenerator gen, SerializerProvider arg2) throws IOException, JsonProcessingException {
gen.writeString(formatter.format(value));
}
}
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輸出示例:
{
"name": "test",
"eventDate": "20-12-2014 02:30:00"
}
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指定反序列化使用的構造函數或方法
待反序列化Json示例:
{
"id":1,
"theName":"My bean"
}
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public class BeanWithCreator {
public int id;
public String name;
@JsonCreator
public BeanWithCreator(@JsonProperty("id") int id, @JsonProperty("theName") String name) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
}
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指定某個字段從注入賦值,而不是從Json
public class BeanWithInject {
@JacksonInject
public int id;
public String name;
}
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示例用法:
String json = "{\"name\":\"My bean\"}";
InjectableValues inject = new InjectableValues.Std()
.addValue(int.class, 1);
BeanWithInject bean = new ObjectMapper().reader(inject)
.forType(BeanWithInject.class)
.readValue(json);
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在反序列化時,將Map當成普通屬性
待反序列化Json:
{
"name":"My bean",
"attr2":"val2",
"attr1":"val1"
}
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public class ExtendableBean {
public String name;
private Map<String, String> properties;
@JsonAnySetter
public void add(String key, String value) {
properties.put(key, value);
}
}
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properties
字段的值將會是由 attr2 -> val2,attr1 -> val1
組成的鍵值對。
將方法標記爲
setter
方法,能夠指定屬性名稱
public class MyBean {
public int id;
private String name;
@JsonSetter("name")
public void setTheName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
}
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用於指定自定義反序列化器來反序列化實體
public class Event {
public String name;
@JsonDeserialize(using = CustomDateDeserializer.class)
public Date eventDate;
}
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對應的反序列化器:
public class CustomDateDeserializer extends StdDeserializer<Date> {
private static SimpleDateFormat formatter
= new SimpleDateFormat("dd-MM-yyyy hh:mm:ss");
public CustomDateDeserializer() {
this(null);
}
public CustomDateDeserializer(Class<?> vc) {
super(vc);
}
@Override
public Date deserialize( JsonParser jsonparser, DeserializationContext context) throws IOException {
String date = jsonparser.getText();
try {
return formatter.parse(date);
} catch (ParseException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
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在類上指定要忽略的屬性
@JsonIgnoreProperties({ "id" })
public class BeanWithIgnore {
public int id;
public String name;
}
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在具體屬性上忽略,使其不參與序列化過程
public class BeanWithIgnore {
@JsonIgnore
public int id;
public String name;
}
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與@JsonIgnoreProperties
是等效的。
用在類上,將忽略該類全部屬性
public class User {
public int id;
public Name name;
@JsonIgnoreType
public static class Name {
public String firstName;
public String lastName;
}
}
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用於排除值爲
empty/null/default
的屬性
@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NULL)
public class MyBean {
public int id;
public String name;
}
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強制序列化私有屬性,無論它有沒有
getter
方法
@JsonAutoDetect(fieldVisibility = Visibility.ANY)
public class PrivateBean {
private int id;
private String name;
}
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通常都是組合起來使用,有下面三個註解:
指定序列化中包含的類型信息的詳細信息
指定帶註釋類型的子類型
指定用於帶註釋的類的邏輯類型名稱
public class Zoo {
public Animal animal;
@JsonTypeInfo(
use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME,
include = As.PROPERTY,
property = "type")
@JsonSubTypes({
@JsonSubTypes.Type(value = Dog.class, name = "dog"),
@JsonSubTypes.Type(value = Cat.class, name = "cat")
})
public static class Animal {
public String name;
}
@JsonTypeName("dog")
public static class Dog extends Animal {
public double barkVolume;
}
@JsonTypeName("cat")
public static class Cat extends Animal {
boolean likesCream;
public int lives;
}
}
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上述例子中,指定屬性type
爲判斷具體子類的依據,例如:type=dog
,將被序列化爲Dog
類型。
指定JSON中的屬性名稱
public class MyBean {
public int id;
private String name;
@JsonProperty("name")
public void setTheName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@JsonProperty("name")
public String getTheName() {
return name;
}
}
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用於在序列化日期/時間值時指定格式。
public class Event {
public String name;
@JsonFormat(
shape = JsonFormat.Shape.STRING,
pattern = "dd-MM-yyyy hh:mm:ss")
public Date eventDate;
}
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將對象中全部的屬性與當前平級,不太好描述,簡單說就是拆開包裝。
public class UnwrappedUser {
public int id;
@JsonUnwrapped
public Name name;
public static class Name {
public String firstName;
public String lastName;
}
}
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序列化示例:
{
"id":1,
"firstName":"John",
"lastName":"Doe"
}
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若是不加@JsonUnwrapped
註解,將被序列化爲:
{
"id":1,
"name": {
"firstName":"John",
"lastName":"Doe"
}
}
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指定視圖,相似分組進行序列化/反序列化
定義視圖:
public class Views {
public static class Public {}
public static class Internal extends Public {}
}
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定義實體:
public class Item {
@JsonView(Views.Public.class)
public int id;
@JsonView(Views.Public.class)
public String itemName;
@JsonView(Views.Internal.class)
public String ownerName;
}
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序列化示例:
String result = new ObjectMapper()
.writerWithView(Views.Public.class)
.writeValueAsString(item);
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這時,將只會序列化id
和itemName
字段
@JsonManagedReference和@JsonBackReference註釋用於處理父/子關係並解決循環問題。
例如,有兩個相互引用的類:
public class ItemWithRef {
public int id;
public String itemName;
@JsonManagedReference
public UserWithRef owner;
}
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public class UserWithRef {
public int id;
public String name;
@JsonBackReference
public List<ItemWithRef> userItems;
}
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不加註解,會循環調用,致使內存溢出,這時候可使用@JsonManagedReference
和@JsonBackReference
來避免內存溢出。
用於指定在序列化/反序列化值時使用對象標識,例如,處理無限遞歸類型的問題。
@JsonIdentityInfo(
generator = ObjectIdGenerators.PropertyGenerator.class,
property = "id")
public class ItemWithIdentity {
public int id;
public String itemName;
public UserWithIdentity owner;
}
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指定序列化期間要使用的過濾器。
@JsonFilter("myFilter")
public class BeanWithFilter {
public int id;
public String name;
}
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示例代碼:
BeanWithFilter bean = new BeanWithFilter(1, "My bean");
FilterProvider filters
= new SimpleFilterProvider().addFilter(
"myFilter",
SimpleBeanPropertyFilter.filterOutAllExcept("name"));
String result = new ObjectMapper()
.writer(filters)
.writeValueAsString(bean);
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可使用@JacksonAnnotationsInside來開發自定義註解
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@JacksonAnnotationsInside
@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NULL)
@JsonPropertyOrder({ "name", "id", "dateCreated" })
public @interface CustomAnnotation {}
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如何使用自定義註解:
@CustomAnnotation
public class BeanWithCustomAnnotation {
public int id;
public String name;
public Date dateCreated;
}
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自定義註解能夠加強代碼複用,把一些通用的Jackson註解組合起來,造成一個新註解,新註解能夠代替組合的註解。
動態地爲某些類型增長統一的Jackson註解
實體:
public class Item {
public int id;
public String itemName;
public User owner;
}
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MixIn類:
@JsonIgnoreType
public class MyMixInForIgnoreType {}
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咱們能夠動態地讓User
類型不參與序列化:
Item item = new Item(1, "book", null);
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.addMixIn(User.class, MyMixInForIgnoreType.class);
result = mapper.writeValueAsString(item);
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假設咱們有一個帶Jackson註解的實體:
@JsonInclude(Include.NON_NULL)
@JsonPropertyOrder({ "name", "id" })
public class MyBean {
public int id;
public String name;
}
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咱們能夠這樣來禁用該實體上的全部Jackson註解:
MyBean bean = new MyBean(1, null);
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();
mapper.disable(MapperFeature.USE_ANNOTATIONS);
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ObjectMapper
用法能夠直接序列化爲Json字符串:
objectMapper.writeValueAsString(car);
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或者,能夠序列化到文件,文件內容是Json字符串:
objectMapper.writeValue(new File("target/car.json"), car);
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從字符串:
String json = "{ \"color\" : \"Black\", \"type\" : \"BMW\" }";
objectMapper.readValue(json, Car.class);
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從文件:
objectMapper.readValue(new File("target/json_car.json"), Car.class);
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從URL:
objectMapper.readValue(new URL("target/json_car.json"), Car.class);
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String json = "{ \"color\" : \"Black\", \"type\" : \"FIAT\" }";
JsonNode jsonNode = objectMapper.readTree(json);
String color = jsonNode.get("color").asText();
// Output: color -> Black
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String jsonCarArray =
"[{ \"color\" : \"Black\", \"type\" : \"BMW\" }, { \"color\" : \"Red\", \"type\" : \"FIAT\" }]";
List<Car> listCar = objectMapper.readValue(jsonCarArray, new TypeReference<List<Car>>(){});
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String json = "{ \"color\" : \"Black\", \"type\" : \"BMW\" }";
Map<String, Object> map = objectMapper.readValue(json, new TypeReference<Map<String,Object>>(){});
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ObjectMapper
的經常使用配置忽略不識別的字段(json屬性與目標實體存在屬性上的差別):
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false);
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容許原始值爲null:
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_NULL_FOR_PRIMITIVES, false);
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容許將枚舉序列化/反序列化爲數字:
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_NUMBERS_FOR_ENUMS, false);
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假設有一個序列化器:
public class CustomCarSerializer extends StdSerializer<Car> {
public CustomCarSerializer() {
this(null);
}
public CustomCarSerializer(Class<Car> t) {
super(t);
}
@Override
public void serialize( Car car, JsonGenerator jsonGenerator, SerializerProvider serializer) {
jsonGenerator.writeStartObject();
jsonGenerator.writeStringField("car_brand", car.getType());
jsonGenerator.writeEndObject();
}
}
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一個反序列化器:
public class CustomCarDeserializer extends StdDeserializer<Car> {
public CustomCarDeserializer() {
this(null);
}
public CustomCarDeserializer(Class<?> vc) {
super(vc);
}
@Override
public Car deserialize(JsonParser parser, DeserializationContext deserializer) {
Car car = new Car();
ObjectCodec codec = parser.getCodec();
JsonNode node = codec.readTree(parser);
// try catch block
JsonNode colorNode = node.get("color");
String color = colorNode.asText();
car.setColor(color);
return car;
}
}
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用ObjectMapper
使用他們:
//添加自定義序列化器
module.addSerializer(Car.class, new CustomCarSerializer());
//添加自定義反序列化器
module.addDeserializer(Car.class, new CustomCarDeserializer());
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ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm a z");
objectMapper.setDateFormat(df);
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反序列化爲數組:
String jsonCarArray =
"[{ \"color\" : \"Black\", \"type\" : \"BMW\" }, { \"color\" : \"Red\", \"type\" : \"FIAT\" }]";
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
objectMapper.configure(DeserializationFeature.USE_JAVA_ARRAY_FOR_JSON_ARRAY, true);
Car[] cars = objectMapper.readValue(jsonCarArray, Car[].class);
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反序列化爲集合:
String jsonCarArray =
"[{ \"color\" : \"Black\", \"type\" : \"BMW\" }, { \"color\" : \"Red\", \"type\" : \"FIAT\" }]";
ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
List<Car> listCar = objectMapper.readValue(jsonCarArray, new TypeReference<List<Car>>(){});
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