http://www.codeweblog.com/15個初學者必看的基礎sql查詢語句/

本文將分享15個初學者必看的基礎SQL查詢語句，都很基礎，可是你不必定都會，因此好好看看吧。 一、建立表和數據插入SQL 咱們在開始建立數據表和向表中插入演示數據以前，我想給你們解釋一下實時數據表的設計理念，這樣也許能幫助你們能更好的理解SQL查詢。 在數據庫設計中，有一條很是重要的規則就是要正確創建主鍵和外鍵的關係。 如今咱們來建立幾個餐廳訂單管理的數據表，一共用到3張數據表，Item Master表、Order Master表和Order Detail表。 建立表： 建立Item Master表： CREATE TABLE [dbo].[ItemMasters]( [Item_Code] varchar NOT NULL, [Item_Name] varchar NOT NULL, [Price] Int NOT NULL, [TAX1] Int NOT NULL, [Discount] Int NOT NULL, [Description] varchar NOT NULL, [IN_DATE] [datetime] NOT NULL, [IN_USR_ID] varchar NOT NULL, [UP_DATE] [datetime] NOT NULL, [UP_USR_ID] varchar NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_ItemMasters] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [Item_Code] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] 向Item Master表插入數據： INSERT INTO [ItemMasters] ([Item_Code],[Item_Name],[Price],[TAX1],[Discount],[Description],[IN_DATE] ,[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('Item001','Coke',55,1,0,'Coke which need to be cold',GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU')

INSERT INTO [ItemMasters] ([Item_Code],[Item_Name],[Price],[TAX1],[Discount],[Description],[IN_DATE] ,[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('Item002','Coffee',40,0,2,'Coffe Might be Hot or Cold user choice',GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU')

INSERT INTO [ItemMasters] ([Item_Code],[Item_Name],[Price],[TAX1],[Discount],[Description],[IN_DATE] ,[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('Item003','Chiken Burger',125,2,5,'Spicy',GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU')

INSERT INTO [ItemMasters] ([Item_Code],[Item_Name],[Price],[TAX1],[Discount],[Description],[IN_DATE] ,[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('Item004','Potato Fry',15,0,0,'No Comments',GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU') 建立Order Master表： CREATE TABLE [dbo].[OrderMasters]( [Order_No] varchar NOT NULL, [Table_ID] varchar NOT NULL, [Description] varchar NOT NULL, [IN_DATE] [datetime] NOT NULL, [IN_USR_ID] varchar NOT NULL, [UP_DATE] [datetime] NOT NULL, [UP_USR_ID] varchar NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_OrderMasters] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [Order_No] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY] 向Order Master表插入數據： INSERT INTO [OrderMasters] ([Order_No],[Table_ID] ,[Description],[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('Ord_001','T1','',GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU')

INSERT INTO [OrderMasters] ([Order_No],[Table_ID] ,[Description],[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('Ord_002','T2','',GETDATE(),'Mak' ,GETDATE(),'MAK')

INSERT INTO [OrderMasters] ([Order_No],[Table_ID] ,[Description],[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('Ord_003','T3','',GETDATE(),'RAJ' ,GETDATE(),'RAJ') 建立Order Detail表： CREATE TABLE [dbo].[OrderDetails]( [Order_Detail_No] varchar NOT NULL, [Order_No] varchar CONSTRAINT fk_OrderMasters FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES OrderMasters(Order_No), [Item_Code] varchar CONSTRAINT fk_ItemMasters FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES ItemMasters(Item_Code), [Notes] varchar NOT NULL, [QTY] INT NOT NULL, [IN_DATE] [datetime] NOT NULL, [IN_USR_ID] varchar NOT NULL, [UP_DATE] [datetime] NOT NULL, [UP_USR_ID] varchar NOT NULL, CONSTRAINT [PK_OrderDetails] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [Order_Detail_No] ASC )WITH (PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF, IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON, ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON) ON [PRIMARY] ) ON [PRIMARY]

--Now let’s insert the 3 items for the above Order No 'Ord_001'. INSERT INTO [OrderDetails] ([Order_Detail_No],[Order_No],[Item_Code],[Notes],[QTY] ,[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('OR_Dt_001','Ord_001','Item001','Need very Cold',3 ,GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU')

INSERT INTO [OrderDetails] ([Order_Detail_No],[Order_No],[Item_Code],[Notes],[QTY] ,[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('OR_Dt_002','Ord_001','Item004','very Hot ',2 ,GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU')

INSERT INTO [OrderDetails] ([Order_Detail_No],[Order_No],[Item_Code],[Notes],[QTY] ,[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('OR_Dt_003','Ord_001','Item003','Very Spicy',4 ,GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU') 向Order Detail表插入數據： INSERT INTO [OrderDetails] ([Order_Detail_No],[Order_No],[Item_Code],[Notes],[QTY] ,[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('OR_Dt_004','Ord_002','Item002','Need very Hot',2 ,GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU')

INSERT INTO [OrderDetails] ([Order_Detail_No],[Order_No],[Item_Code],[Notes],[QTY] ,[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('OR_Dt_005','Ord_002','Item003','very Hot ',2 ,GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU')

INSERT INTO [OrderDetails] ([Order_Detail_No],[Order_No],[Item_Code],[Notes],[QTY] ,[IN_DATE],[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE],[UP_USR_ID]) VALUES ('OR_Dt_006','Ord_003','Item003','Very Spicy',4 ,GETDATE(),'SHANU' ,GETDATE(),'SHANU') 二、簡單的Select查詢語句 Select查詢語句是SQL中最基本也是最重要的DML語句之一。那麼什麼是DML？DML全稱Data Manipulation Language（數據操縱語言命令），它可使用戶可以查詢數據庫以及操做已有數據庫中的數據。 下面咱們在SQL Server中用select語句來查詢個人姓名(Name)： SELECT 'My Name Is SYED SHANU' -- With Column Name using 'AS' SELECT 'My Name Is SYED SHANU' as 'MY NAME' -- With more then the one Column SELECT 'My Name' as 'Column1', 'Is' as 'Column2', 'SYED SHANU' as 'Column3' 在數據表中使用select查詢： -- To Display all the columns from the table we use * operator in select Statement. Select * from ItemMasters -- If we need to select only few fields from a table we can use the Column Name in Select Statement. Select Item_Code ,Item_name as Item ,Price ,Description ,In_DATE FROM ItemMasters 三、合計和標量函數 合計函數和標量函數都是SQL Server的內置函數，咱們能夠在select查詢語句中使用它們，好比Count(), Max(), Sum(), Upper(), lower(), Round()等等。下面咱們用SQL代碼來解釋這些函數的用法： select * from ItemMasters -- Aggregate -- COUNT() -> returns the Total no of records from table , AVG() returns the Average Value from Colum,MAX() Returns MaX Value from Column -- ,MIN() returns Min Value from Column,SUM() sum of total from Column Select Count(*) TotalRows,AVG(Price) AVGPrice ,MAX(Price) MAXPrice,MIN(Price) MinPrice,Sum(price) PriceTotal FROM ItemMasters

-- Scalar -- UCASE() -> Convert to Upper Case ,LCASE() -> Convert to Lower Case, -- SUBSTRING() ->Display selected char from column ->SUBSTRING(ColumnName,StartIndex,LenthofChartoDisplay) --,LEN() -> lenth of column date, -- ROUND() -> Which will round the value SELECT UPPER(Item_NAME) Uppers,LOWER(Item_NAME) Lowers, SUBSTRING(Item_NAME,2,3) MidValue,LEN(Item_NAME) Lenths ,SUBSTRING(Item_NAME,2,LEN(Item_NAME)) MidValuewithLenFunction, ROUND(Price,0) as Rounded FROM ItemMasters 四、日期函數 在咱們的項目數據表中基本都會使用到日期列，所以日期函數在項目中扮演着很是重要的角色。有時候咱們對日期函數要很是的當心，它隨時能夠給你帶來巨大的麻煩。在項目中，咱們要選擇合適的日期函數和日期格式，下面是一些SQL日期函數的例子： -- GETDATE() -> to Display the Current Date and Time -- Format() -> used to display our date in our requested format Select GETDATE() CurrentDateTime, FORMAT(GETDATE(),'yyyy-MM-dd') AS DateFormats, FORMAT(GETDATE(),'HH-mm-ss')TimeFormats, CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),GETDATE(),10) Converts1, CONVERT(VARCHAR(24),GETDATE(),113), CONVERT(NVARCHAR, getdate(), 106) Converts2 ,-- here we used Convert Function REPLACE(convert(NVARCHAR, getdate(), 106), ' ', '/') Formats-- Here we used replace and --convert functions. --first we convert the date to nvarchar and then we replace the '' with '/'

select * from Itemmasters

Select ITEM_NAME,IN_DATE CurrentDateTime, FORMAT(IN_DATE,'yyyy-MM-dd') AS DateFormats, FORMAT(IN_DATE,'HH-mm-ss')TimeFormats, CONVERT(VARCHAR(10),IN_DATE,10) Converts1, CONVERT(VARCHAR(24),IN_DATE,113), convert(NVARCHAR, IN_DATE, 106) Converts2 ,-- here we used Convert Function REPLACE(convert(NVARCHAR,IN_DATE, 106), ' ', '/') Formats FROM Itemmasters DatePart–> 該函數能夠獲取年、月、日的信息。 DateADD–> 該函數能夠對當前的日期進行加減。 DateDiff–> 該函數能夠比較2個日期。 --Datepart DATEPART(dateparttype,yourDate) SELECT DATEPART(yyyy,getdate()) AS YEARs , DATEPART(mm,getdate()) AS MONTHS, DATEPART(dd,getdate()) AS Days, DATEPART(week,getdate()) AS weeks, DATEPART(hour,getdate()) AS hours

--Days Add to add or subdtract date from a selected date. SELECT GetDate()CurrentDate,DATEADD(day,12,getdate()) AS AddDays , DATEADD(day,-4,getdate()) AS FourDaysBeforeDate

-- DATEDIFF() -> to display the Days between 2 dates select DATEDIFF(year,'2003-08-05',getdate()) yearDifferance , DATEDIFF(day,DATEADD(day,-24,getdate()),getdate()) daysDifferent, DATEDIFF(month,getdate(),DATEADD(Month,6,getdate())) MonthDifferance 五、其餘Select函數 Top—— 結合select語句，Top函數能夠查詢頭幾條和末幾條的數據記錄。 Order By—— 結合select語句，Order By可讓查詢結果按某個字段正序和逆序輸出數據記錄。 --Top to Select Top first and last records using Select Statement. Select * FROM ItemMasters --> First Display top 2 Records Select TOP 2 Item_Code ,Item_name as Item ,Price ,Description ,In_DATE FROM ItemMasters --> to Display the Last to Records we need to use the Order By Clause -- order By to display Records in assending or desending order by the columns Select TOP 2 Item_Code ,Item_name as Item ,Price ,Description ,In_DATE FROM ItemMasters ORDER BY Item_Code DESC Distinct——distinct關鍵字能夠過濾重複的數據記錄。 Select * FROM ItemMasters --Distinct -> To avoid the Duplicate records we use the distinct in select statement -- for example in this table we can see here we have the duplicate record 'Chiken Burger' -- but with different Item_Code when i use the below select statement see what happen

Select Item_name as Item ,Price ,Description ,IN_USR_ID FROM ItemMasters -- here we can see the Row No 3 and 5 have the duplicate record to avoid this we use the distinct Keyword in select statement.

select Distinct Item_name as Item ,Price ,Description ,IN_USR_ID FROM ItemMasters 六、Where子句 Where子句在SQL Select查詢語句中很是重要，爲何要使用where子句？何時使用where子句？where子句是利用一些條件來過濾數據結果集。 下面咱們從10000條數據記錄中查詢Order_No爲某個值或者某個區間的數據記錄，另外還有其餘的條件。 Select * from ItemMasters Select * from OrderDetails --Where -> To display the data with certain conditions -- Now below example which will display all the records which has Item_Name='Coke' select * FROM ItemMasters WHERE ITEM_NAME='COKE' -- If we want display all the records Iten_Name which Starts with 'C' then we use Like in where clause. SELECT * FROM ItemMasters WHERE ITEM_NAME Like 'C%'

--> here we display the ItemMasters where the price will be greater then or equal to 40. --> to use more then one condition we can Use And or Or operator. --If we want to check the data between to date range then we can use Between Operator in Where Clause. select Item_name as Item ,Price ,Description ,IN_USR_ID FROM ItemMasters WHERE ITEM_NAME Like 'C%' AND price >=40 --> here we display the OrderDetails where the Qty will be greater 3

Select * FROM OrderDetails WHERE qty>3 Where – In 子句 -- In clause -> used to display the data which is in the condition select * FROM ItemMasters WHERE Item_name IN ('Coffee','Chiken Burger')

-- In clause with Order By - Here we display the in descending order. select * FROM ItemMasters WHERE Item_name IN ('Coffee','Chiken Burger') ORDER BY Item_Code Desc Where – Between子句 -- between -> Now if we want to display the data between to date range then we use betweeen keyword select * FROM ItemMasters

select * FROM ItemMasters WHERE In_Date BETWEEN '2014-09-22 15:59:02.853' AND '2014-09-22 15:59:02.853'

select * FROM ItemMasters WHERE ITEM_NAME Like 'C%' AND In_Date BETWEEN '2014-09-22 15:59:02.853' AND '2014-09-22 15:59:02.853' 查詢某個條件區間的數據，咱們經常使用between子句。 七、Group By 子句 Group By子句能夠對查詢的結果集按指定字段分組： --Group By -> To display the data with group result.Here we can see we display all the AQggregate result by Item Name Select ITEM_NAME,Count(*) TotalRows,AVG(Price) AVGPrice ,MAX(Price) MAXPrice,MIN(Price) MinPrice,Sum(price) PriceTotal FROM ItemMasters GROUP BY ITEM_NAME

-- Here this group by will combine all the same Order_No result and make the total or each order_NO Select Order_NO,Sum(QTy) as TotalQTY FROM OrderDetails where qty>=2 GROUP BY Order_NO

-- Here the Total will be created by order_No and Item_Code Select Order_NO,Item_Code,Sum(QTy) as TotalQTY FROM OrderDetails where qty>=2 GROUP BY Order_NO,Item_Code Order By Order_NO Desc,Item_Code Group By & Having 子句 --Group By Clause -- here this will display all the Order_no Select Order_NO,Sum(QTy) as TotalQTY FROM OrderDetails GROUP BY Order_NO

-- Having Clause-- This will avoid the the sum(qty) less then 4 Select Order_NO,Sum(QTy) as TotalQTY FROM OrderDetails GROUP BY Order_NO HAVING Sum(QTy) >4 15個初學者必看的基礎SQL查詢語句 八、子查詢 子查詢通常出如今where內鏈接查詢和嵌套查詢中，select、update和delete語句中都可以使用。 --Sub Query -- Here we used the Sub query in where clause to get all the Item_Code where the price>40 now this sub --query reslut we used in our main query to filter all the records which Item_code from Subquery result SELECT * FROM ItemMasters WHERE Item_Code IN (SELECT Item_Code FROM ItemMasters WHERE price > 40)

-- Sub Query with Insert Statement INSERT INTO ItemMasters ([Item_Code] ,[Item_Name],[Price],[TAX1],[Discount],[Description],[IN_DATE] ,[IN_USR_ID],[UP_DATE] ,[UP_USR_ID]) Select 'Item006' ,Item_Name,Price+4,TAX1,Discount,Description ,GetDate(),'SHANU',GetDate(),'SHANU' from ItemMasters where Item_code='Item002'

--After insert we can see the result as Select * from ItemMasters 九、鏈接查詢 到目前爲止咱們接觸了很多單表的查詢語句，如今咱們來使用鏈接查詢獲取多個表的數據。 簡單的join語句： --Now we have used the simple join with out any condition this will display all the -- records with duplicate data to avaoid this we see our next example with condition SELECT * FROM Ordermasters,OrderDetails -- Simple Join with Condition now here we can see the duplicate records now has been avoided by using the where checing with both table primaryKey field SELECT * FROM Ordermasters as M, OrderDetails as D where M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO and M.Order_NO='Ord_001'

-- Now to make more better understanding we need to select the need fields from both --table insted of displaying all column. SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,Item_code,Notes,Qty FROM Ordermasters as M, OrderDetails as D where M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO -- Now lets Join 3 table SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price, I.PriceD.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M, OrderDetails as D,ItemMasters as I where M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO AND D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code Inner Join,Left Outer Join,Right Outer Join and Full outer Join 下面是各類類型的鏈接查詢代碼： --INNER JOIN --This will display the records which in both table Satisfy here i have used Like in where class which display the SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price,I.PriceD.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M Inner JOIN OrderDetails as D ON M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO INNER JOIN ItemMasters as I ON D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code WHERE M.Table_ID like 'T%' --LEFT OUTER JOIN --This will display the records which Left side table Satisfy SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price,I.PriceD.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M LEFT OUTER JOIN OrderDetails as D ON M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO LEFT OUTER JOIN ItemMasters as I ON D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code WHERE M.Table_ID like 'T%' --RIGHT OUTER JOIN --This will display the records which Left side table Satisfy SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price,I.PriceD.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M RIGHT OUTER JOIN OrderDetails as D ON M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO RIGHT OUTER JOIN ItemMasters as I ON D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code WHERE M.Table_ID like 'T%'

--FULL OUTER JOIN --This will display the records which Left side table Satisfy SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price,I.Price*D.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M FULL OUTER JOIN OrderDetails as D ON M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO FULL OUTER JOIN ItemMasters as I ON D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code WHERE M.Table_ID like 'T%' 十、Union合併查詢 Union查詢能夠把多張表的數據合併起來，Union只會把惟一的數據查詢出來，而Union ALL則會把重複的數據也查詢出來。 Select column1,Colum2 from Table1 Union Select Column1,Column2 from Table2

Select column1,Colum2 from Table1 Union All Select Column1,Column2 from Table2 具體的例子以下： --Select with different where condition which display the result as 2 Table result select Item_Code,Item_Name,Price,Description FROM ItemMasters where price <=44 select Item_Code,Item_Name,Price,Description FROM ItemMasters where price >44

-- Union with same table but with different where condition now which result as one table which combine both the result. select Item_Code,Item_Name,Price,Description FROM ItemMasters where price <=44 UNION select Item_Code,Item_Name,Price,Description FROM ItemMasters where price >44

-- Union ALL with Join sample SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price,I.PriceD.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M (NOLOCK) Inner JOIN OrderDetails as D ON M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO INNER JOIN ItemMasters as I ON D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code WHERE I.Price <=44 Union ALL SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price,I.PriceD.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M (NOLOCK) Inner JOIN OrderDetails as D ON M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO INNER JOIN ItemMasters as I ON D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code WHERE I.Price>44 十一、公用表表達式（CTE）——With語句 CTE能夠看做是一個臨時的結果集，能夠在接下來的一個SELECT,INSERT,UPDATE,DELETE,MERGE語句中被屢次引用。使用公用表達式可讓語句更加清晰簡練。 declare @sDate datetime, @eDate datetime;

select @sDate = getdate()-5, @eDate = getdate()+16; --select @sDate StartDate,@eDate EndDate ;with cte as ( select @sDate StartDate,'W'+convert(varchar(2), DATEPART( wk, @sDate))+'('+convert(varchar(2),@sDate,106)+')' as 'SDT' union all select dateadd(DAY, 1, StartDate) , 'W'+convert(varchar(2),DATEPART( wk, StartDate))+'('+convert(varchar(2), dateadd(DAY, 1, StartDate),106)+')' as 'SDT' FROM cte WHERE dateadd(DAY, 1, StartDate)<= @eDate ) select * from cte option (maxrecursion 0) 十二、視圖 不少人對視圖View感到很沮喪，由於它看起來跟select語句沒什麼區別。在視圖中咱們一樣可使用select查詢語句，可是視圖對咱們來講依然很是重要。 假設咱們要聯合查詢4張表中的20幾個字段，那麼這個select查詢語句會很是複雜。可是這樣的語句咱們在不少地方都須要用到，若是將它編寫成視圖，那麼使用起來會方便不少。利用視圖查詢有如下幾個優勢： 必定程度上提升查詢速度 能夠對一些字段根據不一樣的權限進行屏蔽，所以提升了安全性 對多表的鏈接查詢會很是方便 下面是一個視圖的代碼例子： CREATE VIEW viewname AS Select ColumNames from yourTable

Example : -- Here we create view for our Union ALL example Create VIEW myUnionVIEW AS SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price, I.PriceD.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M Inner JOIN OrderDetails as D ON M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO INNER JOIN ItemMasters as I ON D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code WHERE I.Price <=44 Union ALL SELECT M.order_NO,M.Table_ID,D.Order_detail_no,I.Item_Name,D.Notes,D.Qty,I.Price, I.PriceD.Qty as TotalPrice FROM Ordermasters as M Inner JOIN OrderDetails as D ON M.Order_NO=D.Order_NO INNER JOIN ItemMasters as I ON D.Item_Code=I.Item_Code WHERE I.Price>44

-- View Select query Select * from myUnionVIEW -- We can also use the View to display with where condition and with selected fields Select order_Detail_NO,Table_ID,Item_Name,Price from myUnionVIEW where price >40 1三、Pivot行轉列 Pivot能夠幫助你實現數據行轉換成數據列，具體用法以下： -- Simple Pivot Example SELECT * FROM ItemMasters PIVOT(SUM(Price) FOR ITEM_NAME IN ([Chiken Burger], Coffee,Coke)) AS PVTTable

-- Pivot with detail example SELECT * FROM ( SELECT ITEM_NAME, price as TotAmount FROM ItemMasters

) as s PIVOT ( SUM(TotAmount) FOR [ITEM_NAME] IN ([Chiken Burger], [Coffee],[Coke]) )AS MyPivot 1四、存儲過程 我常常看到有人提問如何在SQL Server中編寫多條查詢的SQL語句，而後將它們使用到C#程序中去。存儲過程就能夠完成這樣的功能，存儲過程能夠將多個SQL查詢彙集在一塊兒，建立存儲過程的基本結構是這樣的： CREATE PROCEDURE [ProcedureName]

AS BEGIN -- Select or Update or Insert query. END

To execute SP we use exec ProcedureName 建立一個沒有參數的存儲過程： -- ============================================= -- Author : Shanu -- Create date : 2014-09-15 -- Description : To Display Pivot Data -- Latest -- Modifier : Shanu -- Modify date : 2014-09-15 -- ============================================= -- exec USP_SelectPivot -- ============================================= Create PROCEDURE [dbo].[USP_SelectPivot] AS BEGIN DECLARE @MyColumns AS NVARCHAR(MAX), @SQLquery AS NVARCHAR(MAX) -- here first we get all the ItemName which should be display in Columns we use this in our necxt pivot query select @MyColumns = STUFF((SELECT ',' + QUOTENAME(Item_NAME) FROM ItemMasters GROUP BY Item_NAME ORDER BY Item_NAME FOR XML PATH(''), TYPE ).value('.', 'NVARCHAR(MAX)') ,1,1,'') -- here we use the above all Item name to disoplay its price as column and row display set @SQLquery = N'SELECT ' + @MyColumns + N' from ( SELECT ITEM_NAME, price as TotAmount FROM ItemMasters ) x pivot ( SUM(TotAmount) for ITEM_NAME in (' + @MyColumns + N') ) p '

exec sp_executesql @SQLquery;

RETURN END 1五、函數Function 以前咱們介紹了MAX(),SUM(), GetDate()等最基本的SQL函數，如今咱們來看看如何建立自定義SQL函數。建立函數的格式以下： Create Function functionName As Begin END 下面是一個簡單的函數示例： -- ============================================= -- Author : Shanu -- Create date : 2014-09-15 -- Description : To Display Pivot Data -- Latest -- Modifier : Shanu -- Modify date : 2014-09-15

Alter FUNCTION [dbo].ufnSelectitemMaster RETURNS int AS -- Returns total Row count of Item Master.

BEGIN DECLARE @RowsCount AS int;

Select @RowsCount= count(*)+1 from ItemMasters RETURN @RowsCount;

END

-- to View Function we use select and fucntion Name select [dbo].ufnSelectitemMaster 下面的一個函數能夠實現從給定的日期中獲得當前月的最後一天： -- ============================================= -- Author : Shanu -- Create date : 2014-09-15 -- Description : To Display Pivot Data -- Latest -- Modifier : Shanu -- Modify date : 2014-09-15

ALTER FUNCTION [dbo].[ufn_LastDayOfMonth] ( @DATE NVARCHAR(10) ) RETURNS NVARCHAR(10) AS BEGIN RETURN CONVERT(NVARCHAR(10), DATEADD(D, -1, DATEADD(M, 1, CAST(SUBSTRING(@DATE,1,7) + '-01' AS DATETIME))), 120) END SELECT dbo.ufn_LastDayOfMonth('2014-09-01')AS LastDay