oracle-gi安裝

時間 2019-11-26

標籤 oracle 安裝欄目 Oracle 简体版

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在cs6.5,cs7.2上安裝grid11.2.0.1　和database11.2.0.1仍是有問題html

1.i386與i686的問題linux

2.cs7.2中的semmni內核參數問題　　已經設置了kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128這四個值，但安裝界面不認識，只認識semmni參數名c++

因此選擇cs5.5老版本sql

CRS-4664: Node oracle successfully pinned.
Adding daemon to inittab
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
ohasd is starting
ADVM/ACFS is not supported on centos-release-7-2.1511.el7.centos.2.10.x86_64數據庫

http://www.cnblogs.com/taowang2016/p/3316307.html　　ADVM/ACFS is not supported on centos-release-5-8.el5.centoscentos

從Oracle11.2開始，ASM不只是一個磁盤組，他還提供了了一個卷管理器，稱爲ADVM（asm dynamic volume manager）。ADVM向用戶提供卷管理服務，並提供標準的磁盤設備驅動程序。利用ADVM，能夠在卷組中建立一個或多個卷，每一個卷對應操做系統中的一個設備文件，這些卷是能夠動態擴展的，就像操做系統中的卷或者利用第三方軟件建立的卷同樣，應用程序也能夠對ADVM卷中的數據進行讀寫操做。
在 ADVM卷中能夠建立ACFS文件系統，ACFS是一種跨平臺的、可擴展的集羣文件系統，多個節點能夠同時訪問asfs中的文件。ACFS不只能夠做爲 oracle數據庫軟件的安裝路徑，還能夠用來存儲數據庫中的警告文件和跟蹤文件，還能夠存儲諸如視頻、聲音、圖像、文本等類型的文件。瀏覽器

可是在CentOS5.8上面安裝rac的時候，卻發現 ADVM/ACFS is not supported on centos-release-5-8.el5.centos(一樣適用於單機環境的asm安裝，在安裝grid的最後執行root.sh的時候出現的。)bash

ADVM/ACFS is not supported on centos-release-5-5.el5.centos 解決方法服務器

centOS 5.5 安裝 ORACLE 11G RAC 問題彙總

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oracle grid infrastrucure GI

提供了自動重啓功能和asm功能

一、下載linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/112010-linx8664soft-100572.html

二、上傳到目標機上的獨立目錄
mkdir /mnt
chmod -R 777 oracle
cd /mnt;ls
cksum linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip

unzip linux.x64_11gR2_grid.zip

三、在虛擬機裏添加兩塊20g硬盤作asm,centos5.8,2G內存

四、環境配置

vi /etc/security/limits.conf
#for oracle
oracle          soft    nproc 2048
oracle          hard    nproc 16384
oracle          soft    nofile 2048
oracle          hard    nofile 65536
oracle          soft    stack 10240
oracle          hard    stack 32768
#for grid
grid            soft    nproc 2048
grid            hard    nproc 16384
grid            soft    nofile 2048
grid            hard    nofile 65536
grid            soft    stack 10240
grid            hard   stack 32768

vi /etc/security/limits.d/90-nproc.conf
* soft nproc 1024
將上面改成
* - nproc 16384

vi /etc/hosts

#public ip
192.168.30.31   rac01
192.168.30.41   rac02

#private ip
10.10.10.31   rac01prv
10.10.10.32   rac02prv

#vip
192.168.30.32   rac01vip
192.168.30.42   rac01vip

#scanip
192.168.30.50   scanip

vi /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

下面兩個參數默認是有的，在cs6.8desktop中，因此不須要設置了

kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295

sysctl -p

建立用戶和組
oracle
grid

oracle restart + oracle asm
(grid軟件的兩個功能1 ASM 2 restart）
grid軟件就是至關於一個單機版的羣集，當你的系統重啓的時候數據庫會自動跟着啓動。這個軟件在oracle裏面必需要裝。

首先作2個用戶：oracle和grid
創建5個組：
1數據庫軟件組dba（管理數據庫）和oper
2grid軟件組asmadmin（管理ASM），asmdba（能夠訪問ASM）和asmoper
在oracle組中的用戶所擁有的權限各不相同，而且很是嚴格。

用戶及組處理
groupadd -g 501 oinstall
groupadd -g 502 dba
groupadd -g 503 oper
groupadd -g 504 asmadmin
groupadd -g 505 asmdba
groupadd -g 506 asmoper
useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper,oper,dba grid
useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
或
usermod -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba,oper oracle
passwd oracle
passwd grid
id oracle
id grid

建立安裝目錄
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid
chmod -R 775 /u01

下面的這種處理方法

mkdir -p /oracle/app/grid
mkdir -p /oracle/app/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oraInventory
chown -R grid:oinstall /oracle/app/oraInventory

mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle
mkdir -p /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /oracle/app/oracle/

chmod -R 775 /oracle/

目錄處理

這裏需說明一點，不少時候，Grid Infrastructure安裝中出現問題，都和 grid與oracle的目錄以及用戶組混亂形成。
爲了不混亂，對grid用戶的ORACLE_BASE目錄，設置爲/u02/app/grid

mkdir -p /u02/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid
chown -R grid:oinstall /u02
chmod -R 775 /u02

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

設置用戶環境變量
oracle 和grid 兩個用戶都要配置。
vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
加入：
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl　　(數據庫實例的名字)
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1　　(oracle軟件的安裝目錄)
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

vi /home/grid/.bash_profile
加入：
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=+ASM　　(asm實例名)
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/grid　　(grid安裝目錄)
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

五、安裝asm
下載包並安裝：原本有三個包，在cs6下官網只有兩個包，另一個包叫kmod-oracleasm

yum install kmod-oracleasm

rpm -ivh oracleasm*

=====================================
rpm -ivh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/CentOS-vault/6.7/os/x86_64/Packages/compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm
yum install kmod-oracleasm -y
rpm -ivh oracleasm*
fdisk /dev/sdb
n,p,1,w
/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
grid,asmadmin,y,y
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk crs /dev/sdb1
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk data1 /dev/sdc1
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk data2 /dev/sdd1
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk fra /dev/sde1
oracleasm listdisks

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd1
===================================

分區以前添加的兩塊盤，而後初始化
/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
grid
oinstall
y
y

oracle user login

unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_1of7.zip
unzip p13390677_112040_Linux-x86-64_2of7.zip
cd database/
./runInstaller

su -

2g到16g內存的話，swap空間等於內存大小，16G以上，等於內存大小

grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo

dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=1M count=1024
mkswap swapfile
swapon swapfile
free

vi /etc/fstab

/root/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
yum install gcc
yum install libaio-devel
yum install elfutils-libelf-devel
yum install gcc-c++
yum install compat-libstdc++-33
rpm -qa|grep ksh
rpm -ivh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/CentOS-vault/5.8/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5.x86_64.rpm

rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

yum install rlwrap

rpm -ivh http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
yum install rlwrap
有時會報下面這個錯，
[Errno -1] repomd.xml does not match metalink for epel Trying other mirror.
這時有兩個解決辦法，
一是直接下載下面的文件，但有可能在linux下用wget與curl報404錯誤，這時，在圖形界面下的瀏覽器直接能夠下載，而後傳到服務器上，再rpm -ivh 就能夠了
http://mirrors.sohu.com/fedora-epel/6Server/x86_64/rlwrap-0.42-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
二是修改epel.repo文件，將mirrors行註釋，啓用baseurl行，也能下
2016年10月29日 星期六 18時45分45秒 才解決，花了大約一個小時解決這個小問題，唉，太坑了

grid need to install follow packages,and oracle might not need to install it.

rpm -ivh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/CentOS-vault/6.7/os/x86_64/Packages/compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm

yum install kmod-oracleasm
rpm -ivh oracleasm*
mount /dev/sr0 /media
rpm -ivh /media/Packages/compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh http://mirror.symnds.com/distributions/CentOS-vault/5.8/os/x86_64/CentOS/pdksh-5.2.14-37.el5.x86_64.rpm
yum install gcc
yum install libaio-devel
yum install elfutils-libelf-devel
yum install gcc-c++
yum install compat-libstdc++-33
或者下面一條命令
yum install gcc libaio-devel elfutils-libelf-devel gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33

 編輯文件 vi /etc/pam.d/login，添加以下行(11gR1有要求，R2沒有要求)：

session required pam_limits.so

 編輯 vi /etc/profile 文件，添加以下行(11gR1有要求，R2沒有要求)：


if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
        if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
              ulimit -p 16384
              ulimit -n 65536
        else
              ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
        fi
fi


該配置在用戶oracle登陸時會當即生效，若是當前 oracle 用戶已經登陸可退出後從新登陸使之生效。

/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
grid
asmadmin
y
y

只在一個節點上建立就能夠了，另外一個掃描一下就能夠了
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk rac /dev/mapper/mpathbp1
/etc/init.d/oracleasm deletedisk rac
oracleasm scandisks
oracleasm listdisks

六、用grid用戶安裝
用grid登陸
./runInstaller
出現界面選第二個，單機
可能不出現asm磁盤，首先前面的環境設置先作好，其次能夠更改路徑/dev/oracleasm/disks.
high 有三份相同的數據
normal 有兩份相同的數據
external 沒有冗餘

硬盤30G,swap10G,否則這裏檢測條件時會出問題。

安裝依賴包，下面這個包必定要安裝，若是不提早裝好，會出現下面的問題

[root@oracle Packages]# rpm -ivh compat-libcap1-1.10-1.x86_64.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:compat-libcap1 ########################################### [100%]
[root@oracle Packages]# pwd
/media/cdrom/Packages

過程爲，以前沒有裝包---》報錯後根據報錯安裝這個包---》再次運行腳本會報下面的錯---》根據提示仍是報錯（加-deconfig -force參數）---》因此最好提早裝好

[root@rac1 11.2.0]# /g01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /g01/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /g01/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.


[root@rac1 11.2.0]# /g01/app/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= grid
    ORACLE_HOME=  /g01/app/11.2.0/grid


Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]: 
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
2013-10-10 03:41:35: Parsing the host name
2013-10-10 03:41:35: Checking for super user privileges
2013-10-10 03:41:35: User has super user privileges
Using configuration parameter file: /g01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
/g01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin/clscfg.bin: error while loading shared libraries: libcap.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
Failed to create keys in the OLR, rc = 127, 32512
OLR configuration failed

第二次執行root.sh時，出現下面的報錯。

/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -force -verbose

[root@oracle Packages]# /u02/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...

The following environment variables are set as:
    ORACLE_OWNER= grid
    ORACLE_HOME=  /u02/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The file "dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
   Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
   Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin.  Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
   Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
2016-09-02 11:39:34: Checking for super user privileges
2016-09-02 11:39:34: User has super user privileges
2016-09-02 11:39:34: Parsing the host name
Using configuration parameter file: /u02/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Improper Oracle Clusterware configuration found on this host
Deconfigure the existing cluster configuration before starting
to configure a new Clusterware
run '/u02/app/grid/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl -deconfig'
to configure existing failed configuration and then rerun root.sh
[root@oracle Packages]#

能夠忽略i386的包

　　root用戶下
　　一、以文件系統增長(如下是以增長512M的文件系統爲例)
　　dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/oracle/myswaps/swapfile1 bs=1M count=512
　　注：of後面的路徑必定不能是/dev下，不然在激活swap文件時報參數無效
　　二、建立swap文件
　　mkswap /home/oracle/myswaps/swapfile1
　　三、激活swap文件
　　swapon /home/oracle/myswaps/swapfile1
　　四、此時用free -m就能夠看到swap空間已經增長了，可是重啓後就不會存在了
　　五、添加劇啓後還會生效，vi /etc/fstab添加以下內容：
　　/home/oracle/myswaps/swapfile1 swap swap defaults 0 0

執行兩個腳本，並安裝完成後

注意：若是以前安裝過gi，在執行root.sh的時候須要刪除以前的配置信息：命令以下：
/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -force -verbose

CRS-4124: Oracle High Availability Services startup failed.
CRS-4000: Command Start failed, or completed with errors.
ohasd failed to start: Inappropriate ioctl for device
ohasd failed to start at/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/rootcrs.pl line 443.
第一次安裝11gR2 RAC的時候就遇到了這個11.0.2.1的經典問題，上網一查才知道這是個oracle bug，

具體能夠參考：https://forums.oracle.com/thread/2352285

解決辦法也很簡單，
就是在執行root.sh以前執行如下命令
/bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1
若是出現
/bin/dd: opening`/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd': No such file or directory
的時候文件還沒生成就繼續執行，直到能執行爲止，通常出現Adding daemon to inittab這條信息的時候執行dd命令。
另外還有一種解決方法就是更改文件權限
chown root:oinstall /var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd
從新執行root.sh以前別忘了刪除配置：/u01/app/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/roothas.pl -deconfig -force -verbose

接下來驗證一下

ps -ef|grep asm
su - grid
sqlplus / as sysasm
select status from v$instance

因爲在安裝GI的時候只能建立一個磁盤組，若是須要增長磁盤組的話，在GI安裝完成後，使用ASMCA命令增長磁盤組。

grid安裝完成後，重啓操做系統，啓動ASM實例報錯以下：

[grid@oragrid ~]$ sqlplus / as sysasm
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sun Jun 7 16:21:31 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
ORA-29701: unable to connect to Cluster Synchronization Service
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check css
CRS-4639: Could not contact Oracle High Availability Services
CRS-4000: Command Check failed, or completed with errors.
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4639: Could not contact Oracle High Availability Services
 


第一種方法：

切換到root用戶執行啓動init.ohasd
[root@oragrid ~]# /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run &
 
再切換到grid用戶check，可能有點慢，等一會就會online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check css
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl stat resource -t -init
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
NAME           TARGET  STATE        SERVER                   STATE_DETAILS
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg
               ONLINE  OFFLINE      oragrid
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
               ONLINE  OFFLINE      oragrid                  STARTING
ora.asm
               ONLINE  OFFLINE      oragrid                  Instance Shutdown
ora.ons
               OFFLINE OFFLINE      oragrid
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.cssd
      1        ONLINE  OFFLINE
ora.diskmon
      1        OFFLINE OFFLINE
ora.evmd
      1        ONLINE  OFFLINE                               STARTING
 
原來是開機啓動的init.ohasd沒有起做用，從新啓動一次就行了。



直接殺掉該進程，會自動從新生成一個。 
[root@oragrid ~]# ps -ef | grep init.ohasd
root       972     1  0 22:01 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run
root      2474  2450  0 22:04 pts/0    00:00:00 grep init.ohasd
[root@oragrid ~]# kill -9 972
[root@oragrid ~]# ps -ef | grep init.ohasd
root      2538     1  0 22:05 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh /etc/init.d/init.ohasd run
root      2638  2450  0 22:05 pts/0    00:00:00 grep init.ohasd


[root@oragrid ~]# su - grid
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$  crsctl check css
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg    ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.cssd       ora.cssd.type  ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.diskmon    ora....on.type OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.evmd       ora.evm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE

再進入sqlplus就能夠看到ASM實例已經啓動了。可是每次操做系統重啓都會出現這個問題，上述方法治標不治本，且沒有找到最終的緣由，請教高手解決。





第二種方法：

在網上找到這篇文章，http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/8207629，說這個問題是11.2.0.1的bug，可是我如今安裝的版本是11.2.0.4，使用這篇文章的解決辦法，在root用戶下執行下面的命令：
[root@oragrid ~]# /bin/dd if=/var/tmp/.oracle/npohasd of=/dev/null bs=1024 count=1
^C0+0 records in
0+0 records out
0 bytes (0 B) copied, 13.6369 s, 0.0 kB/s
而後在grid用戶下查看has和css狀態，能夠看到已經啓動了
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check has
CRS-4638: Oracle High Availability Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crsctl check css
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
[grid@oragrid ~]$ crs_stat -t
Name           Type           Target    State     Host
------------------------------------------------------------
ora.DATA.dg    ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.FRA.dg     ora....up.type ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora....ER.lsnr ora....er.type ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.asm        ora.asm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.cssd       ora.cssd.type  ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.diskmon    ora....on.type OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.evmd       ora.evm.type   ONLINE    ONLINE    oragrid
ora.ons        ora.ons.type   OFFLINE   OFFLINE
ora.stone.db   ora....se.type OFFLINE   OFFLINE
竟然這個方法管用，可是系統重啓後問題依舊，難道這個bug在11.2.0.4還存在嗎？

以grid用戶安裝grid完成後。接下來，以oracle用戶的身份，安裝oracle數據庫。

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