阿里雲服務器 centos 7 安裝postgresql 11

時間 2019-12-07

原文原文鏈接

Postgresql簡介
官方網站：https://www.postgresql.org/
簡介參考zhihu文章 https://www.zhihu.com/question/20010554
關於框架+DB的一些性能參考性能測試（僅供參考） http://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r15&hw=ph&test=fortunephp

1、更新rpm源

一、打開官網https://yum.postgresql.org/repopackages.php

二、複製上圖連接添加rpm源sql

$ yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm

三、查看能夠安裝的postgresql版本，此命令會稍微慢一些數據庫

$ yum list | grep postgresql

2、安裝postgresql

一、注意下安裝版本vim

yum install postgresql11-contrib postgresql11-server -y

如下是安裝日誌服務器

Dependencies Resolved

===============================================================================================================
 Package                           Arch                Version                       Repository           Size
===============================================================================================================
Installing:
 postgresql11-contrib              x86_64              11.3-1PGDG.rhel7              pgdg11              616 k
 postgresql11-server               x86_64              11.3-1PGDG.rhel7              pgdg11              4.7 M
Installing for dependencies:
 libicu                            x86_64              50.1.2-17.el7                 base                6.9 M
 libxslt                           x86_64              1.1.28-5.el7                  base                242 k
 postgresql11                      x86_64              11.3-1PGDG.rhel7              pgdg11              1.7 M
 postgresql11-libs                 x86_64              11.3-1PGDG.rhel7              pgdg11              360 k

Transaction Summary
===============================================================================================================
Install  2 Packages (+4 Dependent packages)

Total download size: 14 M
Installed size: 55 M
Downloading packages:
(1/6): libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  | 242 kB  00:00:00     
(2/6): libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                  | 6.9 MB  00:00:00     
warning: /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/pgdg11/packages/postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: Header V4 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 442df0f8: NOKEY
Public key for postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm is not installed
(3/6): postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                 | 616 kB  00:01:03     
(4/6): postgresql11-libs-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                    | 360 kB  00:00:55     
postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG FAILED                                          2.6 kB/s | 9.4 MB  00:32:32 ETA 
https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/11/redhat/rhel-7-x86_64/postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')
Trying other mirror.
(5/6): postgresql11-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                         | 1.7 MB  00:06:11     
(6/6): postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64.rpm                                  | 4.7 MB  00:06:45     
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                                           19 kB/s |  14 MB  00:12:57     
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Importing GPG key 0x442DF0F8:
 Userid     : "PostgreSQL RPM Building Project <pgsqlrpms-hackers@pgfoundry.org>"
 Fingerprint: 68c9 e2b9 1a37 d136 fe74 d176 1f16 d2e1 442d f0f8
 Package    : pgdg-redhat-repo-42.0-4.noarch (installed)
 From       : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-PGDG
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : postgresql11-libs-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                   1/6 
  Installing : libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64                                                                 2/6 
  Installing : postgresql11-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                        3/6 
  Installing : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64                                                                 4/6 
  Installing : postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                5/6 
  Installing : postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                 6/6 
  Verifying  : postgresql11-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                        1/6 
  Verifying  : postgresql11-server-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                 2/6 
  Verifying  : libicu-50.1.2-17.el7.x86_64                                                                 3/6 
  Verifying  : libxslt-1.1.28-5.el7.x86_64                                                                 4/6 
  Verifying  : postgresql11-libs-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                   5/6 
  Verifying  : postgresql11-contrib-11.3-1PGDG.rhel7.x86_64                                                6/6 

Installed:
  postgresql11-contrib.x86_64 0:11.3-1PGDG.rhel7         postgresql11-server.x86_64 0:11.3-1PGDG.rhel7        

Dependency Installed:
  libicu.x86_64 0:50.1.2-17.el7                       libxslt.x86_64 0:1.1.28-5.el7                           
  postgresql11.x86_64 0:11.3-1PGDG.rhel7              postgresql11-libs.x86_64 0:11.3-1PGDG.rhel7             

Complete!

查看是否安裝成功框架

rpm -aq| grep postgres

安裝成功後Postgresql安裝目錄是/usr/pgsql-11 文件目錄是 /var/lib/pgsql/11/data 如圖：
tcp

二、初始化數據庫post

$ /usr/pgsql-11/bin/postgresql-11-setup initdb

三、設置自動啓動，並查看啓動狀態性能

$ systemctl enable postgresql-11
$ systemctl start postgresql-11
$ systemctl status postgresql-11

3、配置postgresql

一、登陸postgresql並設置密碼測試

su - postgres

進入數據庫

psql

更改密碼

ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'postgres'

退出，並並切換回root帳戶，從新輸入密碼便可

\q
su root

二、修改訪問策略，默認是不容許遠程登陸
搜索pg_hba.conf文件

find / -name pg_hba.conf

複製文件路徑修改pg_hba.conf

vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/pg_hba.conf

ADDRESS：修改成samenet(匹配服務器所在子網中的任何地址) 或 0.0.0.0/0 (任意IP地址) 或指定的IP地址
METHOD：修改成trust (可信任)

三、修改遠程訪問IP
搜索postgresql.conf文件

find / -name postgresql.conf

複製文件路徑用vim修改，取消listen_addresses前面的#註釋，並修改地址爲* (全部IP) 或者線上外網IP地址，如圖
線上環境#port = 5432最好取消註釋，端口一併調整

vim /var/lib/pgsql/11/data/postgresql.conf

四、重啓postgresql-11

systemctl restart postgresql-11

4、鏈接postgresql

一、若是是阿里雲服務器記得打開對應的端口，不然沒法鏈接，若是是虛擬機測試環境可忽略

二、注意檢查下防火牆是否開啓&端口是否打開，也會影響遠程鏈接

firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5432/tcp
systemctl restart firewalld

三、鏈接測試
navicat 官網自行下載https://www.navicat.com.cn/

pgadmin 官網自行下載https://www.pgadmin.org/download/

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