Tornado的使用

時間  2019-11-12
標籤 tornado 使用 欄目 Python 简体版
原文   原文鏈接

Tornado 和如今的主流 Web 服務器框架（包括大多數 Python 的框架）有着明顯的區別：它是非阻塞式服務器，並且速度至關快。得利於其非阻塞的方式和對 epoll 的運用javascript

基本操做css

 

tornado_base.pyhtml

# Author:song
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web

#配置信息
settings = {
    'static_path':'static',
    'static_url_prefix':'/song/',#別名
    'template_path':'templates',
}
class MainHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        self.write("Hello, world") #返回數據



class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        #self.get_argument('p')   獲取請求參數，至關於django的request.GET.get('p')
        #self.get_body_argument('name') 獲取post內容信息
        #self.set_cookie('k1','v1')設置cookie
        #self.set_header('h1','v1')設置請求頭
        self.render("login.html",**{'k1':'song','k2':'shi','k3':[1,2,3,4],'k4':{'name':'a','age':18}}) #返回模板

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        print(self.get_argument('user'))
        self.redirect('https://home.cnblogs.com/u/master-song/')#重定向

#路由規則
application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/index", MainHandler),
    (r"/login", LoginHandler),
],**settings)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    #建立socket對象，將其加入select
    application.listen(8888)
    #開始循環監聽
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()

模板login.html前端

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="/song/comment.css"/>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>login</h1>
{{k1}}
{{k2}}
<h1>列表</h1>
<ul>
{% for i in k3 %}
<li>{{i}}</li>
{% end %}
</ul>
<h1>字典</h1>
{{k4}}<br>
{{k4['name']}}<br>
{{k4.get('name')}}
<ul>
{% for k,v in k4.items() %}
<li>{{k}}:{{v}}</li>
{% end %}
    <form method="post" action="login">
        <input type="text" name="user"/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</ul>
</body>
</html>
login.html

comment.css 只寫了一句java

body{
    background-color: blue;
}

             login.html渲染圖web

 

Tornado默認提供的 UIMethod 和 UIModule，實現相似於Django的simple_tag的功能。redis

建立兩個py文件django

# Author:song

def test1(self):
    return '測試前端使用函數'
uimethods 
# Author:song
from tornado.web import UIModule
from tornado import escape

class test2(UIModule):
    def embedded_css(self):
        return 'body{color:blue}'  #網頁引入<style type="text/css">body{color:blue}</style>
    def css_files(self):
        return 'a.css'# 引入<link href="/song/a.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet">
    def javascript_files(self):
        return 'sk.js' #<script src="/song/sk.js" type="text/javascript"></script>

    def render(self, *args, **kwargs):

        print(args)#獲取內容（123）
        print(kwargs)#{}
        # return escape.xhtml_escape('<h1>測試代碼段前端渲染</h1>') #原樣顯示  <h1>測試代碼段前端渲染</h1>
        return '<h1>測試代碼段前端渲染</h1>' #加載效果後顯示
uimodules

在tornado_base.py中服務器

import uimethods as mt
import uimodules as md
settings = {
    'static_path':'static',
    'static_url_prefix':'/song/',
    'template_path':'templates',
    'ui_methods':mt,
    'ui_modules':md,   #加上這兩行
}

 

web組件的定製cookie

1.session實現機制

# Author:song
import uuid


#基於內存的寫法
class Session(object):
    container = {}
    def __init__(self,handler):
        # 獲取用戶cookie，若是有，不操做，不然，給用戶生成隨即字符串
        # - 寫給用戶
        # - 保存在session
        nid = handler.get_cookie('session_id')
        if nid:
            if nid in Session.container:
                pass
            else:
                nid = str(uuid.uuid4())
                Session.container[nid] = {}
        else:
            nid = str(uuid.uuid4())
            Session.container[nid] = {}

        handler.set_cookie('session_id', nid, max_age=1000)#設置cookie並設超時時間
        # nid當前訪問用戶的隨即字符串
        self.nid = nid
        # 封裝了全部用戶請求信息
        self.handler = handler

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        Session.container[self.nid][key] =value

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return Session.container[self.nid].get(item)

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        del Session.container[self.nid][key]


#基於redis
class RedisSession(object):

    def __init__(self,handler):
        # 獲取用戶cookie，若是有，不操做，不然，給用戶生成隨即字符串
        # - 寫給用戶
        # - 保存在session
        nid = handler.get_cookie('session_id')
        if nid:
            if nid in Session.container:
                pass
            else:
                nid = str(uuid.uuid4())
                # Session.container[nid] = {}
                # 鏈接redis寫值
                # redis 服務器IP，端口（6379）
                # 根據Nid是字符串 => 6871237123
                # 6871237123 % 3 = 0,1,2
                # ['10.1.11.2','10.1.11.3','10.1.11.4']
        else:
            nid = str(uuid.uuid4())
            # Session.container[nid] = {}
            # 鏈接redis寫值

        handler.set_cookie('session_id', nid, max_age=1000)
        # nid當前訪問用戶的隨即字符串
        self.nid = nid
        # 封裝了全部用戶請求信息
        self.handler = handler

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        #Session.container[self.nid][key] =value
        pass
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        #return Session.container[self.nid].get(item)
        pass

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        # del Session.container[self.nid][key]
        pass
session 
# Author:song
# session_module = "RedisSession" # 只容許兩種Session,RedisSession
session_module = "Session"
session_key 
# Author:song
# Author:song
import tornado.ioloop
import tornado.web
from tornado_session import session_key


#配置信息
settings = {
    'static_path':'static',
    'static_url_prefix':'/song/',
    'template_path':'templates',
}

class BaseHandler(object):
    def initialize(self):
        # 獲取用戶cookie，若是有，不操做，不然，給用戶生成隨即字符串
        # - 寫給用戶
        # - 保存在session
        from tornado_session import session
        session_module = getattr(session, session_key.session_module)#反向解析
        self.session = session_module(self)
        super(BaseHandler,self).initialize()


class IndexHandler(BaseHandler, tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        if self.session['is_login']:
            self.write("Hello, world")
        else:
            self.redirect('/login')

class LoginHandler(BaseHandler,tornado.web.RequestHandler):
    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.render('login.html')

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        v = self.get_argument('user')
        if v == 'song':
            self.session['is_login'] = True
            self.redirect('/index')
        else:
            self.redirect('/login')


application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/index",IndexHandler ),
    (r"/login", LoginHandler),
],**settings)
if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
tornado_session_test 
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>tornado-session</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post" action="login">
        <input type="text" name="user"/>
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>

</body>
</html>
login.html

若是選擇使用redis，可能須要用到分佈式

 

form簡單表單驗證

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>tornado_form</title>
</head>
<body>

    <form method="post" action="login">
        <!--<input type="text" name="user"/>-->
        <!--<input type="email" name="email"/>-->
        {% raw obj.user %}
        {% raw obj.email %}
        <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
    </form>

</body>
</html>
login.html 
# Author:song
import tornado.web
import re
settings = {
    'static_path': 'static',
    'static_url_prefix': '/song/',
    'template_path':'templates',
}
class StringField:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.rex = "^\w+$"
        self.name = name
        self.value = ''
        self.error = ""

    def __str__(self):
        return "<input type='text' name='%s' value='%s' />" %(self.name,self.value,)
class EmailField:
    def __init__(self,name):
        self.rex = "^\w+@.*$"
        self.name = name
        self.value = ''
        self.error = ""
    def __str__(self):
        return "<input type='text' name='%s' value='%s' />" %(self.name,self.value,)

class LoginForm:
    def __init__(self):
        self.user = StringField(name='user')
        self.email = EmailField(name='email')

    def is_valid(self,handler):
        value_dict = {}
        flag = True
        for k,v in self.__dict__.items():
            inp = handler.get_argument(k)
            rex = re.match(v.rex,inp)
            v.value = inp
            if rex:
                value_dict[k] = inp
            else:
                v.error = '%s 錯誤了..' %k
                flag = False
        return flag,value_dict

class LoginHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = LoginForm()
        self.render('login.html',**{'obj': obj})

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        obj = LoginForm()
        valid,value_dict = obj.is_valid(self)
        print(valid,value_dict)
        if valid:
            print(value_dict)
            self.write('welcome')
        else:
            return self.render('login.html',**{'obj': obj})


application = tornado.web.Application([
    (r"/login", LoginHandler),
],**settings)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    application.listen(8888)
    tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
tornado_form
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