linux安裝git服務器

如下是CentOS 6.5下Git服務器搭建的兩篇說明文章

http://www.centoscn.com/CentosServer/ftp/2014/0414/2789.html

http://www.111cn.net/sys/CentOS/55849.htm

 

1、GIT的安裝

安裝過程：

$ yum install curl-devel expat-devel gettext-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel perl-devel
$ wget http://git-core.googlecode.com/files/git-1.9.0.tar.gz   或者  wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-1.9.0.tar.gz tar
$ tar zxvf git-1.9.0.tar.gz
$ cd git-1.9.0
$ make prefix=/usr/local/git all
$ make prefix=/usr/local/git install #root用戶運行

 若是編譯時提示錯誤：
LINK git-credential-store
libgit.a(utf8.o): In function `reencode_string_iconv’:
/opt/git-master/utf8.c:530: undefined reference to `libiconv’
libgit.a(utf8.o): In function `reencode_string_len’:
/opt/git-master/utf8.c:569: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
/opt/git-master/utf8.c:588: undefined reference to `libiconv_close’
/opt/git-master/utf8.c:582: undefined reference to `libiconv_open’
collect2: ld 返回 1
make: *** [git-credential-store] 錯誤 1

$ cd /usr/local/src/
$ wget http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/libiconv/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
$ cd libiconv-1.14
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libiconv && make && make install

從新安裝GIT

$ cd /usr/local/src/git-1.9.0
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/git --with-iconv=/usr/local/libiconv
$ make
$ make install

安裝完成，查看GIT的版本

$ /usr/local/git/bin/git --version
git version 1.9.0

把GIT命令添加到全局變量中

$ vi /etc/profile
在最後添加 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/git/bin
$ source /etc/profile  #修改使其生效

查看GIT版本

$ git --version
git version 1.9.0

OK，GIT軟件安裝成功。 

 

 

2、安裝Gitolite

[root@mysql01 ~]# useradd gitadmin
[root@mysql01 ~]# passwd gitadmin
Changing password for user gitadmin.
New UNIX password:
BAD PASSWORD: it does not contain enough DIFFERENT characters
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
[root@mysql01 ~]#

切換用戶生成密鑰

[root@mysql01 ~]# su gitadmin
[gitadmin@mysql01 root]$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/gitadmin/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory ‘/home/gitadmin/.ssh’.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/gitadmin/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/gitadmin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
e7:5a:ee:1f:31:eb:68:8a:c1:e2:3b:73:6c:3f:6a:3a gitadmin@mysql01
[gitadmin@mysql01 root]$

複製密鑰：

[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$ ls -al
總計 56
drwx—— 3 gitadmin gitadmin 4096 05-17 10:40 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root     root     4096 05-17 10:36 ..
-rw——- 1 gitadmin gitadmin   60 05-17 10:41 .bash_history
-rw-r–r– 1 gitadmin gitadmin   33 05-17 10:36 .bash_logout
-rw-r–r– 1 gitadmin gitadmin  176 05-17 10:36 .bash_profile
-rw-r–r– 1 gitadmin gitadmin  124 05-17 10:36 .bashrc
drwx—— 2 gitadmin gitadmin 4096 05-17 10:37 .ssh
[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$ pwd
/home/gitadmin
[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$ cp .ssh/id_rsa.pub gitadmin.pub
[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$

[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$ ls -al
總計 64
drwx—— 3 gitadmin gitadmin 4096 05-17 10:43 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root     root     4096 05-17 10:36 ..
-rw——- 1 gitadmin gitadmin   60 05-17 10:41 .bash_history
-rw-r–r– 1 gitadmin gitadmin   33 05-17 10:36 .bash_logout
-rw-r–r– 1 gitadmin gitadmin  176 05-17 10:36 .bash_profile
-rw-r–r– 1 gitadmin gitadmin  124 05-17 10:36 .bashrc
-rw-r–r– 1 gitadmin gitadmin  398 05-17 10:43 gitadmin.php
drwx—— 2 gitadmin gitadmin 4096 05-17 10:37 .ssh
[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$

克隆一個到本地

[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$  git clone http://github.com/sitaramc/gitolite.git
Cloning into gitolite…
remote: Counting objects: 8086, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (2665/2665), done.
remote: Total 8086 (delta 5559), reused 7690 (delta 5256)
Receiving objects: 100% (8086/8086), 1.84 MiB | 359 KiB/s, done.
Resolving deltas: 100% (5559/5559), done.
[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$

[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$ ls
gitadmin.php  gitolite
[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$ pwd
/home/gitadmin
[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$

安裝：gitolite

[gitadmin@mysql01 gitolite]$ ./install
use the following full path for gitolite:
    /home/gitadmin/gitolite/src/gitolite
[gitadmin@mysql01 gitolite]$ /home/gitadmin/gitolite/src/gitolite

出錯：

[gitadmin@mysql01 gitolite]$ /home/gitadmin/gitolite/src/gitolite setup
FATAL: errors found but logfile could not be created
FATAL: /home/gitadmin/.gitolite/logs/gitolite-2013-05.log: 沒有那個文件或目錄
FATAL: die    ‘-pk’ or ‘-a’ required; see ‘gitolite setup -h’ for more
[gitadmin@mysql01 gitolite]$

解決

[gitadmin@mysql01 src]$ ./gitolite setup -pk /home/gitadmin/gitadmin.pub
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/gitadmin/repositories/gitolite-admin.git/
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/gitadmin/repositories/testing.git/
WARNING: /home/gitadmin/.ssh/authorized_keys missing; creating a new one
[gitadmin@mysql01 src]$ cd /home/gitadmin/.ssh/
[gitadmin@mysql01 .ssh]$ ll
總計 24
-rwx—— 1 gitadmin gitadmin  556 05-17 10:57 authorized_keys
-rw——- 1 gitadmin gitadmin 1675 05-17 10:37 id_rsa
-rw-r–r– 1 gitadmin gitadmin  398 05-17 10:37 id_rsa.pub
[gitadmin@mysql01 .ssh]$

增長用戶與版本庫

ADDING USERS AND REPOS

[root@mysql01 gitadmin]# git config –global user.name 「yourname」
[root@mysql01 gitadmin]# git config –global user.email 「youremail@localdomain.com」
[root@mysql01 gitadmin]#

增長版本庫出錯：

[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$ git clone gitadmin@172.1.3.222:gitolite-admin
Cloning into gitolite-admin…
The authenticity of host ‘172.1.3.222 (172.1.3.222)’ can’t be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 34:b2:9c:a6:65:14:68:00:b6:af:db:fc:81:63:6c:c1.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
Host key verification failed.
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly
[gitadmin@mysql01 ~]$

 

———————————————————————————————————————–

客戶端生成密鑰：

[gitadmin@mysql02 ~]$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/gitadmin/.ssh/id_rsa):
Created directory ‘/home/gitadmin/.ssh’.
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/gitadmin/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/gitadmin/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
ba:c0:95:d8:c0:83:d9:f5:2b:46:9f:15:50:cd:6c:df gitadmin@mysql02

把密鑰複製到服務器

[gitadmin@mysql02 .ssh]$ scp id_rsa.pub 172.1.3.222:/home/gitadmin/
gitadmin@172.1.3.222’s password:
id_rsa.pub        100%  398     0.4KB/s   00:00   
[gitadmin@mysql02 .ssh]$ cd ..
[gitadmin@mysql02 ~]$ pwd
/home/gitadmin

服務器使用gitadmin登陸：

[root@mysql01 gitadmin]# su – gitadmin
[gitadmin@mysql02 ~]$ cd gitolite-admin/
[gitadmin@mysql02 gitolite-admin]$ ls
conf  keydir
[gitadmin@mysql02 gitolite-admin]$

 

管理用戶和版本庫

不該該手動在服務器端加入新的用戶或者版本庫。
gitolite使用一個特殊的版本庫 gitolite-admin 來管理員用戶和版本庫，只要在這個版本庫中修改並 push，服務器就會自動根據配置做出修改。

首先在客戶端遷出版本庫：

git clone git@host:gitolite-admin

若是在遷出的過程當中詢問密碼，那麼說明配置出了問題。通常狀況是密鑰配置錯誤。能夠檢查客戶端的 ~/.ssh 下有沒有 YourName 私鑰。若是須要使用不一樣的密鑰鏈接多個ssh服務器，能夠編輯 ~/.ssh/config 進行配置。

進入 gitolite-admin 目錄，其中的 keydir 目錄是用來放置用戶公鑰的，而 conf/gitolite.conf 則是用來配置用戶和版本庫。

編輯 conf/gitolite.conf以下：

repo foo
    RW+         =   alice
    RW = bob R = carol 

上面的配置的含義是：

• 有一個名爲 foo 的版本庫；
• 用戶 alice 對它有讀、寫、刪除權限；
• 用戶 bob 對它有讀寫權限；
• 用戶 carol 對它僅有隻讀權限。

另外，須要找 alice/bob/carol 用戶索要他們的公鑰，保存在 keydir 目錄中，命名爲 alice.pub/bob.pub/carol.pub，而後提交這些改動， push 到服務器。

服務器會自動將公鑰加入到 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys 中，並建立 foo 版本庫。

foo 版本庫的訪問地址爲 git@host:foo。

若是但願把 foo 版本庫放在 bar 目錄下，能夠這樣編輯配置文件：

repo bar/foo
    RW+         =   alice
    RW          =   bob
    R           =   carol

此時foo 版本庫的訪問地址爲 git@host:bar/foo。

如下是一個配置示例：

@dev1           = lisi git1@DBsave.localdomain
@dev2           = fenestra pear
@admins         = scott
@interns        = ashok
@engineers      = sitaram dilbert wally alice
@staff          = @admins @engineers @interns

repo gitolite-admin
    RW+     =   gitadmin
repo testing
    RW+     =   @all
repo zhs
    RW+      = @dev1
    RW       = @dev2
    R        = zhangsan

其中全部用戶名的公鑰文件應該放在keydir文件夾下面

 

 

 

3、安裝 gitosis（該軟件已經中止更新，改爲使用Gitolite來管理更加的方便快捷）

gitosis爲Git用戶權限管理系統,經過管理服務端的/home/git/.ssh/authorized_key文件來執行對用戶權限的管理，是一個python模塊包

一、安裝gitosis

$ yum install python python-setuptools
$ git clone git://github.com/res0nat0r/gitosis.git
$ cd gitosis/
$ python setup.py install

顯示Finished processing dependencies for gitosis==0.2即表示成功 

 

二、服務器上生成git用戶，使用git用戶並初始化gitosis

$ adduser git
$ su – git
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
$ gitosis-init < /home/git/.ssh/id_rsa.pub

#顯示如下信息即表示成功
#Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/
#Reinitialized existing Git repository in /home/git/repositories/gitosis-admin.git/

 

三、在服務器上導出管理

$ cd ~
$ git config --global user.name "myname"   
$ git config --global user.email "myname@server" 
$ git clone git@192.168.8.108:gitosis-admin.git

注意，可能出現下面的錯誤：

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/bin/gitosis-serve", line 8, in <module>
load_entry_point('gitosis==0.2', 'console_scripts', 'gitosis-serve')()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gitosis-0.2-py2.7.egg/gitosis/app.py", line 24, in run
return app.main()
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gitosis-0.2-py2.7.egg/gitosis/app.py", line 38, in main
self.handle_args(parser, cfg, options, args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gitosis-0.2-py2.7.egg/gitosis/serve.py", line 213, in handle_args
os.execvp('git', ['git', 'shell', '-c', newcmd])
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 344, in execvp
_execvpe(file, args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python2.7/os.py", line 380, in _execvpe
func(fullname, *argrest)
OSError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory
fatal: The remote end hung up unexpectedly

解決方法：在gitosis服務器上面建個軟鏈接

$ ln -s /usr/local/git/bin/git /usr/local/bin/git

 

四、增長及設置管理項目

在開發機上

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa   #一路回車，不須要設置密碼
$ scp /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.8.108:/home/git/gitosis-admin/keydir/developer01.pub   #上傳公鑰到服務器(默認SSH端口22)
備註：developer01.pub是在開發機用戶爲developer01生成的(可查看公鑰的內容最後面是否一致)

在GIT服務器上

$ cd gitosis-admin
$ vim gitosis.conf

#在文件尾增長如下內容
[group test] # 組名稱
writable = test # 項目名稱
members = developer01#密鑰用戶名 #提交修改
$ git add . 
$ git commit -a -m 「add test repo」 
$ git push

以上步驟在服務端上已經完成。

 

在開發機上：

五、在開發機上初始，增長及使用項目test.git

$ cd /repo
$ mkdir test-git
$ cd test-git
$ git inti
$ touch readme
$ git add .
$ git commit -a -m 「init test-git」
$ git remote add origin git@192.168.8.108:test.git
$ git push origin master

六、在 test 項目新增用戶①在新增用戶的本機輸入ssh-keygen -t rsa生成私鑰公鑰；②把生成的公鑰id_rsa.pub上傳或複製到 gitosis-admin/keydir文件夾下，並重名，如：jankerli.pub；③vim gitosis.conf 代碼以下 複製代碼#在文件尾增長如下內容[group test]writable = testmembers = jankerli （此處增長新用戶的名稱，名稱必須與上面重名的jankerli.pub一致，去掉.pub）④#提交修改git add .git commit -a -m 「add test repo」git push⑤新用戶即可經過 git clone git@xxx:test.git 克隆代碼到本機了。