使用Visual Studio宏來自動生成代碼 [ Visual Studio | 宏 | 自動生成代碼 ]

前言數據庫

      宏的定義:是組合到一塊兒造成一個命令以自動完成某項任務的一系列命令和指令。(MSDN)編程

      在使用Visual Studio宏實現JS摺疊功能的時候就想過用它來實現代碼自動生成,有了前面的基礎,實現起來就不那麼困難了,本文將實現根據表名自動生成相關字段屬性的Model代碼。編輯器

 

正文ide

      1、預備函數

            1.1      關於宏的新建以及簡單用法,請參見這裏工具

            1.2      環境 Microsoft Visual Studio 200八、Microsoft SQL Server 2000post

 

      2、目的測試

            根據類名(類名和表名須一致)自動生成列名、字段說明、屬性(Properties)、構造函數。ui

 

      3、實現步驟this

            3.1      準備測試用表結構 

if   exists  ( select   *   from  dbo.sysobjects  where  id  =   object_id (N ' [dbo].[User] ' and   OBJECTPROPERTY (id, N ' IsUserTable ' =   1 )
drop   table   [ dbo ] . [ User ]
GO

CREATE   TABLE   [ dbo ] . [ User ]  (
    
[ UniqueID ]   [ int ]   IDENTITY  ( 1 1 NOT   NULL  ,
    
[ Username ]   [ varchar ]  ( 20 ) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS  NULL  ,
    
[ Password ]   [ varchar ]  ( 20 ) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS  NULL  ,
    
[ Name ]   [ char ]  ( 10 ) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS  NULL  ,
    
[ UserPermission_Id ]   [ int ]   NULL  
ON   [ PRIMARY ]
GO

ALTER   TABLE   [ dbo ] . [ User ]   ADD  
    
CONSTRAINT   [ PK_Users ]   PRIMARY   KEY    CLUSTERED  
    (
        
[ UniqueID ]
    )  
ON   [ PRIMARY ]  
GO

exec  sp_addextendedproperty N ' MS_Description ' , N ' 姓名 ' , N ' user ' , N ' dbo ' , N ' table ' , N ' User ' , N ' column ' , N ' Name '
GO
exec  sp_addextendedproperty N ' MS_Description ' , N ' 密碼 ' , N ' user ' , N ' dbo ' , N ' table ' , N ' User ' , N ' column ' , N ' Password '
GO
exec  sp_addextendedproperty N ' MS_Description ' , N ' 用戶名 ' , N ' user ' , N ' dbo ' , N ' table ' , N ' User ' , N ' column ' , N ' Username '
GO
exec  sp_addextendedproperty N ' MS_Description ' , N ' 用戶權限 ' , N ' user ' , N ' dbo ' , N ' table ' , N ' User ' , N ' column ' , N ' UserPermission_Id '

GO

            3.2      準備獲取表結構幫助類(C#)

                  3.2.1      新建項目 -> 類庫,項目名稱:SqlSchemaProvider

                  2.2.2      數據傳輸類ColumnInfo.cs 

using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Text;

///   <summary>
///  字段信息
///   </summary>
public   sealed   class  ColumnInfo
{
    
#region  Member Variable

    
private   string  name;
    
private   string  desc;
    
private   string  type;

    
#endregion

    
#region  Constructor

    
public  ColumnInfo( string  name,  string  type,  string  desc)
    {
        
this .name  =  name;
        
this .desc  =  desc;
        
this .type  =  type;
    }

    
#endregion

    
#region  Properties

    
///   <summary>
    
///  列名
    
///   </summary>
     public   string  Name
    {
        
get  {  return  name; }
        
set  { name  =  value; }
    }

    
///   <summary>
    
///  列說明
    
///   </summary>
     public   string  Description
    {
        
get  {  return  desc; }
        
set  { desc  =  value; }
    }

    
///   <summary>
    
///  數據類型(已經轉換爲C#)
    
///   </summary>
     public   string  Type
    {
        
get  {  return  type; }
        
set  { type  =  value; }
    }

    
#endregion

}

                  2.2.3      元數據獲取幫助類SqlSchemaProvider.cs ,注意這裏使用了SqlHelper.cs!
 

// ==============================================================================
//
//  做 者:農民伯伯
//  郵 箱:over140@gmail.com
//  博 客: http://over140.cnblogs.com/
//  時 間:2009-6-24
//  描 述:獲取SQL SERVER 元數據
//
// ==============================================================================


using  System;
using  System.Collections.Generic;
using  System.Text;
using  System.Data;
using  System.Data.SqlClient;

public   sealed   class  SqlSchemaProvider
{

    
#region  GetTableColumns

    
public  ColumnInfo[] GetTableColumns( string  connectstring,  string  tableName)
    {
        List
< ColumnInfo >  result  =   new  List < ColumnInfo > ();

        SqlConnectionStringBuilder scsb 
=   new  SqlConnectionStringBuilder(connectstring);
        
using  (SqlDataReader reader  =  SqlHelper.ExecuteReader(scsb.ConnectionString, CommandType.Text, SQL2000_GetTableColumns,
            
new  SqlParameter( " @DatabaseName " , scsb.InitialCatalog),
            
new  SqlParameter( " @SchemaName " " dbo " ),
            
new  SqlParameter( " @TableName " , tableName)))
        {
            
while  (reader.Read())
            {
                result.Add(
new  ColumnInfo(reader.GetString( 0 ), GetCSharpType(reader.GetString( 1 )), reader.GetString( 17 )));
            }
        }
        
return  result.ToArray();
    }

    
#region  Type Maps

    
private   string  GetCSharpType( string  type)
    {
        
if  ( string .IsNullOrEmpty(type))
            
return   " string " ;

        
string  reval  =   string .Empty;
        
switch  (type.ToLower())
        {
            
case   " varchar " :
            
case   " nchar " :
            
case   " ntext " :
            
case   " text " :
            
case   " char " :
            
case   " nvarchar " :
                reval 
=   " string " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " int " :
                reval 
=   " int " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " smallint " :
                reval 
=   " Int16 " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " bigint " :
                reval 
=   " Int64 " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " float " :
                reval 
=   " double " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " bit " :
                reval 
=   " bool " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " decimal " :
            
case   " smallmoney " :
            
case   " money " :
            
case   " numeric " :
                reval 
=   " decimal " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " binary " :
                reval 
=   " System.Byte[] " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " real " :
                reval 
=   " System.Single " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " datetime " :
            
case   " smalldatetime " :
            
case   " timestamp " :
                reval 
=   " System.DateTime " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " tinyint " :
                reval 
=   " System.Byte " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " uniqueidentifier " :
                reval 
=   " System.Guid " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " p_w_picpath " :
            
case   " varbinary " :
                reval 
=   " System.Byte[] " ;
                
break ;
            
case   " Variant " :
                reval 
=   " Object " ;
                
break ;
            
            
default :
                reval 
=   " string " ;
                
break ;
        }
        
return  reval;
    } 

    
#endregion

    
#endregion

    
#region  SQL Templates

    
#region  GetTableColumns

    
private   const   string  SQL2000_GetTableColumns  =   @"
              SELECT
                clmns.[name] AS [Name],
                usrt.[name] AS [DataType],
                ISNULL(baset.[name], N'') AS [SystemType],
                CAST(CASE WHEN baset.[name] IN (N'char', N'varchar', N'binary', N'varbinary', N'nchar', N'nvarchar') THEN clmns.prec ELSE clmns.length END AS INT) AS [Length],
                CAST(clmns.xprec AS TINYINT) AS [NumericPrecision],
                CAST(clmns.xscale AS INT) AS [NumericScale],
                CASE CAST(clmns.isnullable AS BIT) WHEN 1 THEN 'YES' ELSE 'NO' END AS [Nullable],
                defaults.text AS [DefaultValue],
                CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.id, clmns.[name], N'IsIdentity') AS INT) AS [Identity],
                CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.id, clmns.[name], N'IsRowGuidCol') AS INT) AS IsRowGuid,
                CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.id, clmns.[name], N'IsComputed') AS INT) AS IsComputed,
                CAST(COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.id, clmns.[name], N'IsDeterministic') AS INT) AS IsDeterministic,
                CAST(CASE COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.id, clmns.[name], N'IsIdentity') WHEN 1 THEN IDENT_SEED(QUOTENAME(stbl.[name]) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.[name])) ELSE 0 END AS NVARCHAR(40)) AS [IdentitySeed],
                CAST(CASE COLUMNPROPERTY(clmns.id, clmns.[name], N'IsIdentity') WHEN 1 THEN IDENT_INCR(QUOTENAME(stbl.[name]) + '.' + QUOTENAME(tbl.[name])) ELSE 0 END AS NVARCHAR(40)) AS [IdentityIncrement],
                cdef.[text] AS ComputedDefinition,
                clmns.[collation] AS Collation,
                CAST(clmns.colid AS int) AS ObjectId,
        isnull(prop.value, '') AS ColumnDesc
              FROM
                dbo.sysobjects AS tbl
                INNER JOIN dbo.sysusers AS stbl ON stbl.[uid] = tbl.[uid]
                INNER JOIN dbo.syscolumns AS clmns ON clmns.id=tbl.id
                LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes AS usrt ON usrt.xusertype = clmns.xusertype
                LEFT JOIN dbo.sysusers AS sclmns ON sclmns.uid = usrt.uid
                LEFT JOIN dbo.systypes AS baset ON baset.xusertype = clmns.xtype and baset.xusertype = baset.xtype
                LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments AS defaults ON defaults.id = clmns.cdefault
                LEFT JOIN dbo.syscomments AS cdef ON cdef.id = clmns.id AND cdef.number = clmns.colid
        LEFT OUTER JOIN sysproperties prop ON clmns.id = prop.id AND clmns.colid = prop.smallid 
              WHERE
                (tbl.[type] = 'U' OR tbl.[type] = 'S') 
                AND stbl.[name] = 'dbo'
                AND tbl.[name] =
@TableName
              ORDER BY
                  clmns.colorder
" ;

    
#endregion

    
#endregion

}

            3.3      宏中引用幫助類

                  3.3.1      因爲不能直接用絕對路徑添加dll,因此須要將SqlSchemaProvider.dll拷貝到<安裝目錄>\Microsoft Visual Studio 9.0\Common7\IDE\PublicAssemblies

                  3.3.2      引用System.Data.dll和SqlSchemaProvider.dll

 

 

    3.4      編寫宏代碼

Imports  System
Imports  EnvDTE
Imports  EnvDTE80
Imports  EnvDTE90
Imports  System.Diagnostics
Imports  System.Collections.Generic

' ============================================================================
'
'
 做 者:農民伯伯
'
 郵 箱:over140@gmail.com
'
 博 客:http://over140.cnblogs.com/
'
 時 間:2009-6-24
'
 描 述:自動生成Model宏
'
'
============================================================================
Public   Module  AutoModel

    
Dim  selection  As  EnvDTE.TextSelection

    
Sub  GenerateModel()
        
Dim  schemaProvide  As  SqlSchemaProvider  =   New  SqlSchemaProvider()
        
Const  ConnStr  As   String   =   " Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=DBName;User ID=sa;Password=sa; "
        
Dim  tableName  As   String
        
Dim  columns()  As  ColumnInfo          ' 用於存放字段信息
         Dim  line  As   Integer

        selection 
=  DTE.ActiveDocument.Selection
        tableName 
=  selection.Text

        
' ------------------------------------------------------驗證
         If   String .IsNullOrEmpty(tableName)  Then
            
MsgBox ( " 請選擇要表名! " , MsgBoxStyle.OkOnly)
            
Return
        
End   If

        
' 取得全部字段
        columns  =  schemaProvide.GetTableColumns(ConnStr, tableName)

        
If  columns.Length  =   0   Then
            
MsgBox ( " 表不存在或該表沒有字段! " , MsgBoxStyle.OkOnly)
            
Return
        
End   If

        
' 移動當前行位置,添加佔位行
        line  =  selection.ActivePoint.Line  +   2
        selection.GotoLine(line)
        selection.NewLine(columns.Length 
*   2 )
        selection.GotoLine(line)

        
' ------------------------------------------------------成員變量
        NewLineInsert( " #region Member Variable " )
        selection.NewLine(
2 )

        
For   Each  column  As  ColumnInfo  In  columns

            InsertNewLine(
String .Format( " private {0} {1}; " , column.Type, column.Name.ToLower()))

        
Next

        NewLineInsert(
" #endregion " )
        selection.NewLine()

        
' ------------------------------------------------------構造函數
        NewLineInsert( " #region Constructor " )
        selection.NewLine()

        NewLineInsert(
String .Format( " public {0}() " , tableName))
        NewLineInsert(
" { " )
        NewLineInsert(
" } " )

        NewLineInsert(
" #endregion " )
        selection.NewLine()

        
' ------------------------------------------------------字段
        NewLineInsert( " #region 字段名稱 " )
        selection.NewLine(
2 )

        
For   Each  column  As  ColumnInfo  In  columns

            InsertNewLine(
" /// <summary> " )
            
If  ( String .IsNullOrEmpty(column.Description))  Then
                InsertNewLine(
" 沒有字段說明 " )
            
Else
                InsertNewLine(column.Description)
            
End   If
            InsertNewLine(
" </summary> " )
            selection.GotoLine(selection.AnchorPoint.Line)
            selection.SelectLine()

            InsertNewLine(
String .Format( " public const string CN_{0} = ""{0}""; " , column.Name))
            selection.NewLine()

        
Next

        InsertNewLine(
" #endregion " )

        
' ------------------------------------------------------屬性(Properties)
        NewLineInsert( " #region Properties " )
        selection.NewLine(
2 )

        
For   Each  column  As  ColumnInfo  In  columns

            InsertNewLine(
" /// <summary> " )
            
If  ( String .IsNullOrEmpty(column.Description))  Then
                InsertNewLine(
" 沒有字段說明 " )
            
Else
                InsertNewLine(column.Description)
            
End   If
            InsertNewLine(
" </summary> " )
            selection.GotoLine(selection.AnchorPoint.Line)
            selection.SelectLine()

            InsertNewLine(
String .Format( " public {0} {1} " , column.Type, System.Threading.Thread.CurrentThread.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase(column.Name)))
            InsertNewLine(
" { " )
            InsertNewLine(
String .Concat( " get { return  " , column.Name.ToLower(),  " ; } " ))
            InsertNewLine(
String .Concat( " set {  " , column.Name.ToLower(),  "  = value; } " ))
            InsertNewLine(
" } " )
            selection.NewLine()

        
Next

        NewLineInsert(
" #endregion " )
        selection.NewLine()

        
' 格式化文檔 
         ' DTE.ExecuteCommand("Edit.FormatDocument")
        DTE.ExecuteCommand( " 編輯.設置文檔的格式 " )
        
' 摺疊代碼
        DTE.ExecuteCommand( " 編輯.摺疊到定義 " )

    
End Sub

    
Sub  NewLineInsert( ByVal  code  As   String )
        
' 至關於在編輯器內按Enter鍵
        selection.NewLine()
        selection.Insert(code)
    
End Sub

    
Sub  InsertNewLine( ByVal  code  As   String )
        selection.Insert(code)
        selection.NewLine()
    
End Sub

End Module

                  代碼說明:

                        a).      若是不熟悉VBA編程建議儘可能將邏輯代碼、訪問數據庫代碼用C#寫成類庫再引用進來調用。

                        b).      注意鏈接數據庫字符串ConnStr須要替換成本身的數據庫鏈接字符串!

                        c).      輸出代碼的排版並不全是簡單的一行輸出一個字串就好了,須要模擬你在編輯器中輸入代碼的同時VS自動生成的代碼,好比在一個屬性(Property)上行輸入"///"他就會自動給你生成註釋,若是你在後面的行還輸出"/// 說明"那就會出錯了,格式也亂了,因此須要特別注意!

                        d).      宏最後有"DTE.ExecuteCommand("編輯.設置文檔的格式")"這樣的代碼,這個用於直接調用工具欄裏面功能,這裏寫英文的行,寫中文的也行:)

            3.5      設置運行宏

                  3.5.1      設置宏快捷鍵(參照前文),這裏設置爲Ctrl+G、Ctrl+M

                  3.5.2      新建類User,注意類名和表名須一致

     class  User
    {

    }

                   3.5.3      選中類名User,快捷鍵Ctrl+G、Ctrl+M運行宏,生成以下:

 

 

展開部分代碼

 

 

結束語

      曾作過一次對日外包的項目,印象最深的是他們Excel用得很是好,用來寫式樣書、寫測試報告,用Excel中的宏來生成數據庫、生成測試數據等複雜的操做,很是強悍,至此也算小小的知足了一下羨慕的心理: )

 

 

 

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