Android經常使用之Butterknife使用詳解

Butterknife簡介

Butterknife中文又名黃油刀,是 JakeWharton大神開源的一款Android視圖的字段和方法綁定快速註解框架.也是Android開發中比較經常使用的一款快速註解框架了,能夠不用不斷的重複findViewById,在各類場合下快速綁定view的多種事件,大大提升了開發的效率.android

爲何開發用Butterknife?

一、強大的View綁定和Click事件處理功能,簡化代碼,提高開發效率
二、方便的處理Adapter裏的ViewHolder綁定問題
三、運行時不會影響APP效率,使用配置方便
四、代碼清晰,可讀性強
五、............git

使用配置

在 Android studio 項目中配置:Butterknife:

一.在主Moduel中的build.gradle中添加以下配置:

dependencies {
    
    implementation 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.8.1'
    annotationProcessor 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.8.1'
}

簡單使用以下:github

class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
  @BindView(R.id.user) EditText username;
  @BindView(R.id.pass) EditText password;

  @BindString(R.string.login_error) String loginErrorMessage;

  @OnClick(R.id.submit) void submit() {
    // TODO call server...
  }

  @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity);
    ButterKnife.bind(this);
    // TODO Use fields...
  }
}

二.在Library projects中使用(按我的需求而定)

1.在 Android project的build.gradle中添加以下配置:segmentfault

buildscript {
  repositories {
    mavenCentral()
   }
  dependencies {
    classpath 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-gradle-plugin:8.8.1'
  }
}

2.在Library的build.gradle中添加以下配置:數組

apply plugin: 'com.android.library'
apply plugin: 'com.jakewharton.butterknife'
值得注意的是,在Library中使用Butterknife註解使用的是R2.而不是R.

以下:app

class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
  @BindView(R2.id.user) EditText username;
  @BindView(R2.id.pass) EditText password;
...
}

ButterKnife的基本使用詳解

ButterKnife使用場景以下:

1.在Activity中綁定ButterKnife:框架

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
  @BindView(R.id.butter)
    Button button;


    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
    }

    @OnClick(R.id.butter)
    public void onClick(){
        Log.e("111111","11111");
        Toast.makeText(this, "綁定單個view事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
}
值得注意的是:ButterKnife.bind(this)必須在初始化綁定佈局文件以後,不然會報錯

2.在Fragment中綁定ButterKnife:maven

public class ExampleFragment extends Fragment {

    private Unbinder unbinder;
    @BindView(R.id.example)
    Button example;

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
       View view = View.inflate(getContext(),R.layout.fragment_example,null);
        unbinder = ButterKnife.bind(this,view);
        return view;

    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroyView() {
        super.onDestroyView();
        unbinder.unbind();//視圖銷燬時必須解綁
    }
}
值得注意的是:在Fragment中須要在視圖銷燬時解綁Butterknife,不然會形成內存泄漏.

3.在Adapter的ViewHolder中綁定Butterknife:ide

@NonNull
    @Override
    public MyViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(@NonNull ViewGroup parent, int viewType) {
        View itemView = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext()).inflate(R.layout.recy_dynamic_state_item,parent,false);
        MyViewHolder myViewHolder = new MyViewHolder(itemView);//此處將view傳入
        itemView.setOnClickListener(this);
        return myViewHolder;
    }

public class MyViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
         @BindView(R.id.iv_photo)
        SimpleDraweeView simpleDraweeView;
         @BindView(R.id.tv_title)
        TextView tvTitle;
         @BindView(R.id.tv_detail)
         TextView tvDetail;
         @BindView(R.id.date)
         TextView date;
         @BindView(R.id.avatar_user)
         SimpleDraweeView avatarUser;
         @BindView(R.id.username)
         TextView userName;

         public MyViewHolder(View itemView) {
             super(itemView);
             ButterKnife.bind(this,itemView);//此處進行綁定
         }

Butterknife具體使用

綁定View:

1.單個控件id 註解: @BindView()佈局

@BindView(R.id.example)
    Button example;

2.佈局內多個控件id 註解: @BindViews()

@BindViews({R.id.butter,R.id.butter1,R.id.butter2})
    List<Button> buttons;

綁定資源文件

1.綁定string 字符串:@BindString()

@BindString(R.string.app_name) //綁定資源文件中string字符串
String name;

2.綁定array數組:@BindArray()

<resources>
<string name="app_name">開眼視頻</string>

<string-array name="weather">
<item>高溫</item>
<item>低溫</item>
<item>陰天</item>
<item>雨天</item>
<item>晴天</item>
</string-array>

</resources>
@BindArray(R.array.weather) //綁定string資源裏面array數組
String [] weathers ;

3.綁定顏色值:@BindColor( )

@BindColor( R.color.colorPrimary) //綁定color文件中顏色值
int colorPrimary;

4.綁定Bitmap:@BindBitmap( )

@BindBitmap(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
    Bitmap bitmap;

5.其餘資源綁定:

@BindBool(R.bool.is_tablet) boolean isTablet; //綁定真假boolean

@BindFont(R.font.comic_sans) Typeface comicSans; //綁定字體文字

@BindDimen(R.dimen.horizontal_gap) int gapPx //綁定尺寸
@BindDimen(R.dimen.horizontal_gap) float gap; //綁定尺寸

@BindAnim(R.anim.fade_in) Animation fadeIn; //綁定動畫

@BindDrawable(R.drawable.placeholder) Drawable placeholder;//綁定Drawable

綁定監聽事件

1.綁定控件點擊事件:@OnClick( )

  • 單個控件點擊事件:
@OnClick(R.id.butter)
    public void onClick(){
        Toast.makeText(this, "綁定單個view事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
  • 多個控件同一點擊事件:
@OnClick({R.id.share_wechat,R.id.share_moments,R.id.share_weibo})
 public void onClick(){
        Toast.makeText(this, "都執行此事件", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }
  • 多個控件點擊事件:
@OnClick({R.id.share_wechat,R.id.share_moments,R.id.share_weibo})
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()){
            case R.id.share_wechat:
                sharePlatform(Wechat.NAME);
                break;
            case R.id.share_moments:
                sharePlatform(WechatMoments.NAME);
                break;
            case R.id.share_weibo:
                sharePlatform(SinaWeibo.NAME);
                break;
        }
    }

2.綁定控件長按事件:@OnLongClick( )

@OnLongClick( R.id.button1 ) //給 button1 設置一個長按事件
public boolean onLongClick (){
Toast.makeText(this, "is a long click", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return true ;
}

3.其餘事件綁定

//選中,選中取消
@OnCheckedChanged(R.id.example) 
public void onChecked(boolean checked) {
    Toast.makeText(this, checked ? "Checked!" : "Unchecked!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}

//軟鍵盤的功能按鍵
@OnEditorAction(R.id.example)
public  boolean onEditorAction(KeyEvent key) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Pressed: " + key, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return true;
  }

//焦點改變
@OnFocusChange(R.id.example) 
public void onFocusChanged(boolean focused) {
   Toast.makeText(this, focused ? "Gained focus" : "Lost focus", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

//Item長按,返回true則能夠攔截onItemClick
@OnItemLongClick(R.id.example_list) 
public boolean onItemLongClick(int position) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Long clicked position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return true;
  }

//Item點擊事件
@OnItemClick(R.id.example_list) 
public void onItemClick(int position) {
   Toast.makeText(this, "Clicked position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
 }

//Item被選擇事件
@OnItemSelected(R.id.example_list) 
public void onItemSelected(int position) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Selected position " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

//EditText裏面的文本變化事件
@OnTextChanged(R.id.example) 
public void onTextChanged(CharSequence text) {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Text changed: " + text, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

//頁面改變事件
@OnPageChange(R.id.example_pager) 
public void onPageSelected(int position) {
   Toast.makeText(this, "Selected " + position + "!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
  }

//觸摸事件
@OnTouch(R.id.example)
public  boolean onTouch() {
    Toast.makeText(this, "Touched!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    return false;
  }

Action接口與Setter接口

Action接口主要是爲了對View或者Views進行管理初始化等操做,而Setter接口其實就是對view或者views的屬性或者值進行操做.使用 ButterKnife.apply()方法啓用接口.

ButterKnife.Action<View> action = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() {
      @Override
      public void apply(@NonNull View view, int index) {
          if (view instanceof Button ){
              Button button = (Button) view;
              button.setText("點擊我");
          }
      }
  };

    ButterKnife.Setter<View,Boolean> setter = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() {
        @Override
        public void set(@NonNull View view, Boolean value, int index) {
            view.setEnabled(value);
        }
    };


@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
        ButterKnife.apply(buttons,action);//初始化或修改每一個view的屬性值
        ButterKnife.apply(buttons,setter,true);
    }

Butterknife Zelezny插件使用

當熟悉了Butterknife 的基本用法後,有時候仍是要寫不少@BindView()之類的,是否是很煩,不要緊,最後教大家一招偷懶的方式,固然是用插件了,嘿嘿.

1.安裝插件
步驟以下:
打開Android studio:點擊File--->Settings--->Plugins--->搜索 Butterknife Zelezny--->下載安裝--->重啓Android studio.

TIM截圖20180919210841.png

作完以上步驟,就能夠愉快的寫代碼了.

2.使用插件

@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);//將光標移到佈局文件處
        ButterKnife.bind(this);
    }

右擊Generate,以下:
TIM截圖20180919211418.png

打開就看見咱們佈局文件中全部控件了.選擇你須要的就能夠開始了.
TIM截圖20180919211548.png

好了,關於Butterknife註解就結束到這裏了,還有不少用法沒有介紹到,不過並不妨礙咱們愉快的使用Butterknife了,趕快去試試吧.

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