Linux MySql 安裝與配置（二進制包）

爲何選擇MySQL數據庫？

　　毫無疑問，絕大多數的使用linux操做系統的大中小型互聯網網站都在使用MySQL做爲其後端的數據庫存儲，從大型的BAT門戶，到電商平臺，分類門戶等無一例都使用MySQL數據庫。

My Sql 數據庫優勢：

一、性能卓越，服務穩定，不多出現異常宕機

二、開放源代碼且無版權約束，自主性及使用成本低

三、歷史悠久，社區及用戶很是活躍，遇到問題，能夠尋求幫助

四、軟件體積小，安排使用簡單，而且易於維護，安裝及維護成本低

五、品牌口碑效應，使得企業無需考慮直接用之，LAMP,LEMP流行架構

六、支持多操做系統，提供多種API接口，支持多種開發語言，特別對流行的PHP語言有很好支持

linux軟件的安裝方式：

一、  yum/rpm：簡單 快，沒法定製。

二、  編譯安裝：比較複雜，速度慢，可定製。

./configure;make;make install   gmake;gmake insall  

三、  二進制包*****

直接解壓就能用（相似於綠色軟件，無需安裝） 簡單，快，很差定製。

下面咱們選擇二進制包方法：

一、建立mysql用戶

[root@lamp01 tools]# id mysql
id: mysql：無此用戶
[root@lamp01 tools]# groupadd mysql
[root@lamp01 tools]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql
[root@lamp01 tools]# id mysql
uid=503(mysql) gid=503(mysql) 組=503(mysql)
[root@lamp01 tools]#

二、下載或上傳mysql二進制軟件包並解壓

[root@lamp01 tools]# tar xf ./mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@lamp01 tools]# ll
總用量 182352
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root      4096 1月  10 21:54 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64
-rw-r--r--.  1 root root 186722932 1月  10 21:51 mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz
三、將解壓的文件移動到安裝目錄下，並作軟鏈接（隱藏版本號安全）

[root@lamp01 tools]# mv mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql-5.5.32
[root@lamp01 tools]# ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.32/ /application/mysql
[root@lamp01 tools]# ll /application/總用量 8l
rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 1月 10 21:57 mysql -> /application/mysql-5.5.32/
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 1月 10 21:54 mysql-5.5.32
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 25 12月 19 03:30 nginx -> /application/nginx-1.6.3/
drwxr-xr-x. 11 root root 4096 12月 20 21:12 nginx-1.6.3
[root@lamp01 tools]#

操做到此步驟至關於編譯安裝make install 以後。

四、初始化數據庫

[root@lamp01 tools]# /application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/application/mysql/ --datadir=/application/mysql/data/ --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
OK
Filling help tables...
OK
解釋：

/application/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db   //指定安裝的命令

--basedir   //指定mysql安裝的目錄

--datadir   //存放數據文件的目錄

--user     //mysql用戶

五、受權mysql管理數據庫文件 

[root@lamp01 tools]# chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql/
[root@lamp01 tools]# cd /application/mysql/
[root@lamp01 mysql]# ll support-files/*.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  4691 6月  19 2013 support-files/my-huge.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 19759 6月  19 2013 support-files/my-innodb-heavy-4G.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  4665 6月  19 2013 support-files/my-large.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  4676 6月  19 2013 support-files/my-medium.cnf
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  2840 6月  19 2013 support-files/my-small.cnf
[root@lamp01 mysql]#
六、生成mysql配置文件

\cp /application/mysql/support-files/my-small.cnf  /etc/my.cnf
七、配置啓動mysql

[root@lamp01 mysql]# sed -i 's#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g' /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
[root@lamp01 mysql]# cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  #將生成的啓動腳本拷貝到init.d目錄下
[root@lamp01 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld  #授予可執行權限
[root@lamp01 mysql]# lsof -i:3306  #查詢mysql服務是否開啓

[root@lamp01 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS!
[root@lamp01 mysql]#

八、配置環境變量

vi /etc/profile

PATH="/application/mysql/bin:$PATH"

source /etc/profile

也能夠把mysql命令放到已經有環境變量的路徑裏

[root@lamp01 mysql]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin
[root@lamp01 mysql]# cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin/
[root@lamp01 mysql]# which mysql
/usr/local/sbin/mysql
[root@lamp01 mysql]#
九、登錄測試

[root@lamp01 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

出現以上提示符表示mysql已經安裝ok了。若是安裝時或者工做中有問題，能夠看錯誤日誌分析問題緣由：

cat /application/mysql/data/mysql-server.err

十、設置及更改mysql密碼

[root@lamp01 mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot password "123456"
[root@lamp01 mysql]# mysql
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
[root@lamp01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

更改密碼：

[root@lamp01 mysql]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123456 password "bqh123"
[root@lamp01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p123456
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@lamp01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pbqh123
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

爲了安全起見，咱們在登錄時，採用交互式登錄

[root@lamp01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.5.32 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql>

十一、安全優化：刪除沒必要要的庫和用戶

刪除test庫：dro database test;

刪除無用用戶（保留root和localhost）

drop user '用戶'@‘主機’;

注意：主機大寫或者特殊字符刪不了，需用

delete from mysql.user where user='用戶' and host='主機大寫或特殊字符';

若是不當心把這兩個也給刪除了，恢復方法：

grant all on *.* to ‘root’@localhostt identified by ‘密碼’ with grant option;

flush privileges;    #刷新權限

mysql簡單的命令：

查看全部庫：show databases;   

切庫：use mysql;

查看用戶列表：select user,host from mysql.user 

查看當前用戶：select user();

查看當前所在庫：select database();

刪除數據庫：drop database 庫名；

刪除用戶：drop user '用戶'@'主機';