spring security 簡單入門

spring security 簡單入門示例

1、概述

Spring Security是一個可以爲基於Spring的企業應用系統提供聲明式的安全訪問控制解決方案的安全框架 。html

其中最主要的安全操做有兩個。java

認證:是爲用戶創建一個他所聲明的主體 ,就是完成用戶的登陸web

受權:指的是一個用戶可否在應用中執行某個操做。在進行受權以前已經完成了用戶的認證。spring

2、快速入門案例

1.新建一個java web工程

使用idea+maven建立一個java web工程,目錄以下express

並建立好登陸的頁面,登陸失敗的頁面,和登陸成功的頁面,login.html,success.html,failed.html,還有工程的首頁index.jspapache

2.導入依賴

pom文件的內容以下api

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.lyy</groupId>
  <artifactId>web_03_security_quicklystart</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>

  <name>web_03_security_quicklystart Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <spring.security.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.security.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
          <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.1</version>
              <configuration>
                <port>80</port>
                <path>/</path>
                <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                <server>tomcat7</server>
              </configuration>
      </plugin>

    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

3.建立spring security的配置文件

spring-security.xml的內容以下tomcat

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
          http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">

    <!--spring-security的入門配置-->

    <!--配置哪些資源不會被攔截 /xxx表示根路徑下的某個資源-->
    <security:http security="none" pattern="/login.html"/>
    <security:http security="none" pattern="/failed.html"/>

    <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="false">
        <!-- 配置連接地址,表示任意路徑都須要ROLE_USER權限 -->
        <security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER"/>

        <!--自定義登陸頁面-->
        <security:form-login login-page="/login.html" login-processing-url="/login"
                             username-parameter="username" password-parameter="password"
                             authentication-failure-forward-url="/failed.html"
                             default-target-url="/success.html" authentication-success-forward-url="/success.html"

        />
        <!--關閉csrf,默認是開啓的-->
        <security:csrf disabled="true"/>
    </security:http>
    <security:authentication-manager>
        <security:authentication-provider>
            <!--這裏配置了兩個用戶,分別具備USER和ADMIN的權限-->
            <security:user-service>
                <security:user name="user" password="{noop}user"
                               authorities="ROLE_USER"/>
                <security:user name="admin" password="{noop}admin"
                               authorities="ROLE_ADMIN"/>
            </security:user-service>
        </security:authentication-provider>
    </security:authentication-manager>
</beans>

這個配置文件中的主要內容以下:安全

(1) 配置security不進行權限控制的資源,如登陸和失敗頁面java-web

<!--配置哪些資源不會被攔截 /xxx表示根路徑下的某個資源-->
<security:http security="none" pattern="/login.html"/>
<security:http security="none" pattern="/failed.html"/>

(2) 配置任意路徑都須要ROLE_USER權限

(3) 配置使用自定義的登陸頁面

(4) 配置兩個用戶,分別具備USER和ADMIN的權限

注意配置路徑的訪問權限時必須帶上ROLE_前綴

4. 在web.xml中配置spring security的過濾器

<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
                      http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd"
         version="3.0">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <filter>
    <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
    <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
    <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
    <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

注意springSecurityFilterChain這個過濾器的名稱不能更改

5.啓動工程

啓動工程,輸入localhost進行訪問,會出現以下的登陸頁面

使用user:user和admin:admin這兩個帳戶均可以完成登陸,登陸成功後會跳轉到登陸成功頁面

須要注意的是:

配置文件中配置的是全部資源都要ROLE_USER權限才能訪問,因此若是使用user登陸成功後,能夠訪問到工程中的其餘資源,好比首頁;但使用admin登陸後,由於只有ROLE_ADMIN權限,因此不能訪問工程中的其餘資源

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