無聊和乏味的工做是罪惡python
-- Eric S. Raymondbash
構建於圖形界面之上的操做系統,使用鼠標做爲主輸入設備, 是否使用縮寫並不重要。好比 Windows 系統中的目錄,幾乎都是全稱…… 點擊兩次鼠標進入文件夾 pf
, 並不意味着點擊13次才能進入文件夾 Program Files
網絡
而構建於命令行之上的操做系統,如 Linux,只要3個字母以上的單詞,幾乎都要縮寫。 例如: cd 命令是 Change Directory
的縮寫。 做爲經常使用命令,若是使用它的全稱 Change Directory
,絕對是無聊和乏味的工做。app
cd | Change Directory |
dd | Disk Dump |
df | Disk Free |
du | Disk Usage |
pwd | Print Working Directory |
ps | Processes Status |
PS | Prompt Strings |
su | Substitute User |
rc | Run Command |
Tcl | Tool Command Language |
cups | Common Unix Printing System |
apt | Advanced Packaging Tool |
bg | BackGround |
ping | Packet InterNet Grouper |
chsh | CHange SHell |
chmod | CHange MODe |
chown | CHange OWNer |
chgrp | CHange GRouP |
bash | Bourne Again SHell |
zsh | Z SHell |
ksh | Korn SHell |
ssh | Secure SHell |
GNU | GNU's Not Unix |
PHP | PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor |
RPM | RPM Package Manager |
WINE | WINE Is Not an Emulator |
PNG | PNG's Not GIF |
nano | Nano's ANOther editor |
有些縮寫可能有多種定義,如:ide
rpmRPM Package Manager RedHat Package Manager bcBasic Calculator Better Calculator
這方面 Emacs 可謂獨領風騷:工具
Emacs Editor MACroS Emacs Makes A Computer Slow Escape Meta Alt Control Shift Emacs Makers Are Crazy Sickos Emacs Makes All Computing Simple Emacs Makefiles Annihilate C-Shells Emacs Manuals Always Cause Senility Emacs May Allow Customized Screwups Emacs Manuals Are Cryptic and Surreal Eventually Munches All Computer Storage Eight Megabytes And Constantly Swapping Elsewhere Maybe All Commands are Simple Excellent Manuals Are Clearly Suppressed Emacs May Alienate Clients and Supporters Except by Middle Aged Computer Scientists Extended Macros Are Considered Superfluous Every Mode Accelerates Creation of Software Each Manual's Audience is Completely Stupefied Exceptionally Mediocre Algorithm for Computer Scientists Easily Maintained with the Assistance of Chemical Solutions Eradication of Memory Accomplished with Complete Simplicity
cp | CoPy |
ln | LiNk |
ls | LiSt |
mv | MoVe |
rm | ReMove |
對於目錄,一般使用前幾個字母做爲縮寫:ui
bin | BINaries |
dev | DEVices |
etc | ETCetera |
lib | LIBrary |
var | VARiable |
proc | PROCesses |
sbin | Superuser BINaries |
tmp | TeMPorary |
usr | Unix Shared Resources |
這種縮寫的其它狀況spa
diff | DIFFerences |
cal | CALendar |
cat | CATenate |
ed | EDitor |
exec | EXECute |
tab | TABle |
regexp | REGular EXPression |
dmesg | Diagnostic MESsaGe |
sed | Stream EDitor |
stty | Set TTY |
fstab | FileSystem TABle |
passwd | PASSWorD |
awk | Aho Weiberger and Kernighan | |
gawk | GNU AWK | |
gpg | GNU Privacy Guard | |
grep | GNU Regular Expression Print | |
egrep | Extended GREP |
GNU
's Not Unix
使用這個定義來解釋定義中的縮寫:
(GNU's Not Unix)'s Not Unix
這意味着它是能夠無限遞歸的:
(((((GNU's Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix)'s Not Unix ……
Linux 命令的選項繁複龐雜,讓人眼花繚亂。不過這些選項每每具備相對固定的涵義,熟悉了它們,記憶便再也不困難
-a
all : 所有,全部 (ls , lsattr , uname)
archive : 存檔 (cp , rsync)
append : 附加 (tar -A , 7z)
-b
blocksize : 塊大小,帶參數 (du , df)
batch : 批處理模式 (交互模式的程序一般擁有此選項,如 top -b)
-c
commands : 執行命令,帶參數 (bash , ksh , python)
create : 建立 (tar)
-d
debug : 調試
delete : 刪除
directory : 目錄 (ls)
-e
execute : 執行,帶參數 (xterm , perl)
edit : 編輯
exclude : 排除
-f
force : 強制,不經確認(cp , rm ,mv)
file : 文件,帶參數 (tar)
configuration file : 指定配置文件(有些守護進程擁有此選項,如 ssh , lighttpd)
-g
-h
--help : 幫助
human readable : 人性化顯示(ls , du , df)
headers : 頭部
-i
interactive : 交互模式,提示(rm , mv)
include : 包含
-k
keep : 保留
kill
-l
long listing format : 長格式(ls)
list : 列表
load : 讀取 (gcc , emacs)
-m
message : 消息 (cvs)
manual : 手冊 (whereis)
create home : 建立 home 目錄 (usermod , useradd)
-n
number : 行號、編號 (cat , head , tail , pstree , lspci)
no : (useradd , make)
-o
output : 輸出 (cc , sort)
options : 選項 (mount)
-p
port : 端口,帶參數 (不少網絡工具擁有此選項,如 ssh , lftp )
protocol : 協議,帶參數
passwd : 密碼,帶參數
-q
quiet : 靜默
-r
reverse : 反轉
recursive : 遞歸 (cp , rm , chmod -R)
-s
silent : 安靜
size : 大小,帶參數
subject
-t
tag
type : 類型 (mount)
-u
user : 用戶名、UID,帶參數
-v
verbose : 冗長
version : 版本
-w
width : 寬度
warning : 警告
-x
exclude : 排除 (tar , zip)
-y
yes
-z
zip : 啓用壓縮 (bzip , tar , zcat , zip , cvs)