【Java】詳解Java解析XML的四種方法

XML如今已經成爲一種通用的數據交換格式,它的平臺無關性,語言無關性,系統無關性,給數據集成與交互帶來了極大的方便。對於XML自己的語法知識與技術細節,須要閱讀相關的技術文獻,這裏麪包括的內容有DOM(Document Object Model),DTD(Document Type Definition),SAX(Simple API for XML),XSD(Xml Schema Definition),XSLT(Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations),具體可參閱w3c官方網站文檔http://www.w3.org獲取更多信息。linux

XML在不一樣的語言裏解析方式都是同樣的,只不過實現的語法不一樣而已。基本的解析方式有兩種,一種叫SAX，另外一種叫DOM。SAX是基於事件流的解析,DOM是基於XML文檔樹結構的解析。假設咱們XML的內容和結構以下: 程序員

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 
<employees> 
<employee> 
<name>ddviplinux</name> 
<sex>m</sex> 
<age>30</age> 
</employee> 
</employees>

本文使用JAVA語言來實現DOM與SAX的XML文檔生成與解析。
首先定義一個操做XML文檔的接口XmlDocument 它定義了XML文檔的創建與解析的接口。app

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
/** 
* 
* @author hongliang.dinghl 
* 定義XML文檔創建與解析的接口 
*/ 
public interface XmlDocument { 
/** 
* 創建XML文檔 
* @param fileName 文件全路徑名稱 
*/ 
public void createXml(String fileName); 
/** 
* 解析XML文檔 
* @param fileName 文件全路徑名稱 
*/ 
public void parserXml(String fileName); 
}

1.DOM生成和解析XML文檔dom

爲 XML 文檔的已解析版本定義了一組接口。解析器讀入整個文檔，而後構建一個駐留內存的樹結構，而後代碼就可使用 DOM 接口來操做這個樹結構。優勢：整個文檔樹在內存中，便於操做；支持刪除、修改、從新排列等多種功能；缺點：將整個文檔調入內存（包括無用的節點），浪費時間和空間；使用場合：一旦解析了文檔還需屢次訪問這些數據；硬件資源充足（內存、CPU）。性能

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 
import java.io.FileOutputStream; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import java.io.PrintWriter; 
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder; 
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory; 
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys; 
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException; 
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory; 
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource; 
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult; 
import org.w3c.dom.Document; 
import org.w3c.dom.Element; 
import org.w3c.dom.Node; 
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList; 
import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
/** 
* 
* @author hongliang.dinghl 
* DOM生成與解析XML文檔 
*/ 
public class DomDemo implements XmlDocument { 
private Document document; 
private String fileName; 
public void init() { 
try { 
DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory 
.newInstance(); 
DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); 
this.document = builder.newDocument(); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
public void createXml(String fileName) { 
Element root = this.document.createElement("employees"); 
this.document.appendChild(root); 
Element employee = this.document.createElement("employee"); 
Element name = this.document.createElement("name"); 
name.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("丁宏亮")); 
employee.appendChild(name); 
Element sex = this.document.createElement("sex"); 
sex.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("m")); 
employee.appendChild(sex); 
Element age = this.document.createElement("age"); 
age.appendChild(this.document.createTextNode("30")); 
employee.appendChild(age); 
root.appendChild(employee); 
TransformerFactory tf = TransformerFactory.newInstance(); 
try { 
Transformer transformer = tf.newTransformer(); 
DOMSource source = new DOMSource(document); 
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING, "gb2312"); 
transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT, "yes"); 
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName)); 
StreamResult result = new StreamResult(pw); 
transformer.transform(source, result); 
System.out.println("生成XML文件成功!"); 
} catch (TransformerConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (IllegalArgumentException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (TransformerException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
public void parserXml(String fileName) { 
try { 
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); 
DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); 
Document document = db.parse(fileName); 
NodeList employees = document.getChildNodes(); 
for (int i = 0; i < employees.getLength(); i++) { 
Node employee = employees.item(i); 
NodeList employeeInfo = employee.getChildNodes(); 
for (int j = 0; j < employeeInfo.getLength(); j++) { 
Node node = employeeInfo.item(j); 
NodeList employeeMeta = node.getChildNodes(); 
for (int k = 0; k < employeeMeta.getLength(); k++) { 
System.out.println(employeeMeta.item(k).getNodeName() 
+ ":" + employeeMeta.item(k).getTextContent()); 
} 
} 
} 
System.out.println("解析完畢"); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (SAXException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} catch (IOException e) { 
System.out.println(e.getMessage()); 
} 
} 
}

2.SAX生成和解析XML文檔網站

爲解決DOM的問題，出現了SAX。SAX ，事件驅動。當解析器發現元素開始、元素結束、文本、文檔的開始或結束等時，發送事件，程序員編寫響應這些事件的代碼，保存數據。優勢：不用事先調入整個文檔，佔用資源少；SAX解析器代碼比DOM解析器代碼小，適於Applet，下載。缺點：不是持久的；事件事後，若沒保存數據，那麼數據就丟了；無狀態性；從事件中只能獲得文本，但不知該文本屬於哪一個元素；使用場合：Applet;只需XML文檔的少許內容，不多回頭訪問；機器內存少；ui

Java代碼this

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
import java.io.FileInputStream;   
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;   
import java.io.IOException;   
import java.io.InputStream;   

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;   
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;   
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;   

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;   
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;   
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;   
/**  
*   
* @author hongliang.dinghl  
* SAX文檔解析  
*/  
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument {   

public void createXml(String fileName) {   
System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>");   
}   

public void parserXml(String fileName) {   
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();   

try {   

SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser();   

InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName);   

saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler());   

} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {   

e.printStackTrace();   

} catch (SAXException e) {   

e.printStackTrace();   

} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {   

e.printStackTrace();   

} catch (IOException e) {   

e.printStackTrace();   

}   

}   

}   

class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler {   

boolean hasAttribute = false;   

Attributes attributes = null;   

public void startDocument() throws SAXException {   

System.out.println("文檔開始打印了");   

}   

public void endDocument() throws SAXException {   

System.out.println("文檔打印結束了");   

}   

public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,   

Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {   

if (qName.equals("employees")) {   

return;   

}   

if (qName.equals("employee")) {   

System.out.println(qName);   

}   

if (attributes.getLength() > 0) {   

this.attributes = attributes;   

this.hasAttribute = true;   

}   

}   

public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)   

throws SAXException {   

if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) {   

for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) {   

System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0)   
+ attributes.getValue(0));   

}   

}   

}   

public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)   

throws SAXException {   

System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length));   

}   

}  
package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean; 
import java.io.FileInputStream; 
import java.io.FileNotFoundException; 
import java.io.IOException; 
import java.io.InputStream; 
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException; 
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser; 
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory; 
import org.xml.sax.Attributes; 
import org.xml.sax.SAXException; 
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler; 
/** 
* 
* @author hongliang.dinghl 
* SAX文檔解析 
*/ 
public class SaxDemo implements XmlDocument { 
public void createXml(String fileName) { 
System.out.println("<<"+filename+">>"); 
} 
public void parserXml(String fileName) { 
SAXParserFactory saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance(); 
try { 
SAXParser saxparser = saxfac.newSAXParser(); 
InputStream is = new FileInputStream(fileName); 
saxparser.parse(is, new MySAXHandler()); 
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (SAXException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (FileNotFoundException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} catch (IOException e) { 
e.printStackTrace(); 
} 
} 
} 
class MySAXHandler extends DefaultHandler { 
boolean hasAttribute = false; 
Attributes attributes = null; 
public void startDocument() throws SAXException { 
System.out.println("文檔開始打印了"); 
} 
public void endDocument() throws SAXException { 
System.out.println("文檔打印結束了"); 
} 
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName, 
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException { 
if (qName.equals("employees")) { 
return; 
} 
if (qName.equals("employee")) { 
System.out.println(qName); 
} 
if (attributes.getLength() > 0) { 
this.attributes = attributes; 
this.hasAttribute = true; 
} 
} 
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName) 
throws SAXException { 
if (hasAttribute && (attributes != null)) { 
for (int i = 0; i < attributes.getLength(); i++) { 
System.out.println(attributes.getQName(0) 
+ attributes.getValue(0)); 
} 
} 
} 
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) 
throws SAXException { 
System.out.println(new String(ch, start, length)); 
} 
}

3.DOM4J生成和解析XML文檔

DOM4J 是一個很是很是優秀的Java XML API，具備性能優異、功能強大和極端易用使用的特色，同時它也是一個開放源代碼的軟件。現在你能夠看到愈來愈多的 Java 軟件都在使用 DOM4J 來讀寫 XML，特別值得一提的是連 Sun 的 JAXM 也在用 DOM4J。

Java代碼

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   
import java.io.File;   
import java.io.FileWriter;   
import java.io.IOException;   
import java.io.Writer;   
import java.util.Iterator;   

import org.dom4j.Document;   
import org.dom4j.DocumentException;   
import org.dom4j.DocumentHelper;   
import org.dom4j.Element;   
import org.dom4j.io.SAXReader;   
import org.dom4j.io.XMLWriter;   
/**  
*   
* @author hongliang.dinghl  
* Dom4j 生成XML文檔與解析XML文檔  
*/  
public class Dom4jDemo implements XmlDocument {   

public void createXml(String fileName) {   
Document document = DocumentHelper.createDocument();   
Element employees=document.addElement("employees");   
Element employee=employees.addElement("employee");   
Element name= employee.addElement("name");   
name.setText("ddvip");   
Element sex=employee.addElement("sex");   
sex.setText("m");   
Element age=employee.addElement("age");   
age.setText("29");   
try {   
Writer fileWriter=new FileWriter(fileName);   
XMLWriter xmlWriter=new XMLWriter(fileWriter);   
xmlWriter.write(document);   
xmlWriter.close();   
} catch (IOException e) {   

System.out.println(e.getMessage());   
}   


}   


public void parserXml(String fileName) {   
File inputXml=new File(fileName);   
SAXReader saxReader = new SAXReader();   
try {   
Document document = saxReader.read(inputXml);   
Element employees=document.getRootElement();   
for(Iterator i = employees.elementIterator(); i.hasNext();){   
Element employee = (Element) i.next();   
for(Iterator j = employee.elementIterator(); j.hasNext();){   
Element node=(Element) j.next();   
System.out.println(node.getName()+":"+node.getText());   
}   

}   
} catch (DocumentException e) {   
System.out.println(e.getMessage());   
}   
System.out.println("dom4j parserXml");   
}   
}

4.JDOM生成和解析XML

爲減小DOM、SAX的編碼量，出現了JDOM；優勢：20-80原則，極大減小了代碼量。使用場合：要實現的功能簡單，如解析、建立等，但在底層，JDOM仍是使用SAX（最經常使用）、DOM、Xanan文檔。

package com.alisoft.facepay.framework.bean;   

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;   
import java.io.FileOutputStream;   
import java.io.IOException;   

http://developer.51cto.com/art/200903/117512.htm