用 vagrant 實現虛擬開發環境的快速部署

• Vagrant Introduction
  

        Vagrantprovides easy to configure, reproducible, and portable work environments builton top of industry-standard technology and controlled by a single consistentworkflow to help maximize the productivity and flexibility of you and your team.

        Toachieve its magic, Vagrant stands on the shoulders of giants. Machines areprovisioned on top of VirtualBox,VMware, AWS, or any other provider. Then, industry-standard provisioning toolssuch as shell scripts, Chef, or Puppet, can be used to automatically installand configuresoftwareon the machine. 

        Writtenby Ruby.

         More refer：https://docs.vagrantup.com/v2/why-vagrant/index.html

        Official website:  https://www.vagrantup.com/

        Mirror site: http://www.vagrantbox.es/ (download box file from here)

• Vagrant commands

vagrant -h   (or vagrantcommand -h)

box                 manages boxes: installation, removal, etc.

connect           connect to a remotely shared Vagrant environment

destroy            stops and deletes all traces of thevagrant machine

global-status    outputs statusVagrant environments for this user

halt                   stops the vagrant machine

help                  shows the help for a subcommand

init                     initializes a new Vagrant environment bycreating a Vagrantfile

login                  log in to HashiCorp's Atlas

package            packages a running vagrant environment intoa box

plugin                manages plugins: install, uninstall,update, etc.

provision           provisions the vagrant machine

push                  deploys codein this environment to a configured destination

rdp                     connects tomachine via RDP

reload                restarts vagrantmachine, loads new Vagrantfileconfiguration

resume              resumea suspended vagrant machine

share                 shareyour Vagrant environment with anyone inthe world

ssh                     connects tomachine via SSH

ssh-config          outputs OpenSSH valid configuration to connect to the machine

status                 outputs statusof the vagrant machine

suspend             suspends themachine

up                       starts andprovisions the vagrant environment

version                prints currentand latest Vagrant version

• Vagrant configuration -- Vagrantfile (gave 3 examples)

- following case for single machine

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

    config.vm.define :node1 do |node1|

         node1.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|

             v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "node1", "--memory", "1024"]   #v.gui = true

         end

         node1.vm.box = " centos66"  

         node1.vm.hostname = "node1"  

         node1.vm.network :public_network, ip:"192.168.199.76", bridge: "eth0"

         node1.vm.synced_folder "C:/workstation", "/data"

     end

end 

  - following two case for multi machine

case 1:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

  config.vm.define :node1 do |node1|

    node1.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|

          v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "node1", "--memory", "1024"]

          #v.gui = true     

    end

    node1.vm.box = "centos66"  

    node1.vm.hostname = "node1"

    node1.vm.network :public_network, ip:"192.168.199.76", bridge: "eth0"

 end

  config.vm.define :node2 do |node2|

    node2.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |v|

          v.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--name", "node2", "--memory", "1024"]

    end

    node2.vm.box = "centos66"

    node2.vm.hostname = "node2"

    node2.vm.network :public_network, ip: "192.168.199.77", bridge: "eth0"            

    #node2.vm.synced_folder "/u2/vm/mysql/node2_data", "/data"

  end

end

case 2:

Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|

  {

    :node1 => {

      :box     => 'centos66',

      :box_url => 'http://192.168.1.200/vms/centos66_v2.box',

    },

    :node2 => {

      :box     => 'centos66',

      :box_url => 'http://192.168.1.200/vms/centos66_v2.box',

    },

  }.each do |name,cfg|

    config.vm.synced_folder "./", "/data/web/apache_default/",

        owner: "apache", group: "deploycode"

    config.vm.define name do |local|

      local.vm.box = cfg[:box]

      local.vm.box_url = cfg[:box_url]

      local.vm.network "public_network" 

      #local.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 2080,

      #auto_correct: true

      #local.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 3306, host: 3310,

          #auto_correct: true

      local.vm.provider :virtualbox do |vb|

          vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--memory", 512, "--cpus", 1]

      end

    end

  end

end

• Vagrantfile parameters explain

    node1.vm.provider"virtualbox " 定義使用virtualbox做爲虛擬化平臺

    v.customize["modifyvm", :id,"--name", "node1", "--memory", "1024"] 定義虛擬機大小

    v.gui= true   定義啓動虛擬機的時候是否啓動GUI界面，true爲啓動，false不啓動

    node1.vm.box= "centos66"  定義虛擬機使用哪一個box文件

    node1.vm.hostname= "node1"    定義虛擬機的主機名

    node1.vm.synced_folder「 C:/workstation」,「 /data 」  把本地文件夾共享給虛擬機，支持邏輯路徑，即./

    node1.vm.network:public_network, ip:「192.168.199.76」,bridge: 「eth0 定義虛擬的網絡類型，分配IP，使用網橋的方式並綁定到eth0上

  -- 網絡類型有：

    Public network：公共網絡（虛擬機和宿主機同樣的網絡）

  eg： config.vm.network" public_network", ip: "192.168.1.200 "

Privatenetwork：私有網絡（宿主機能夠訪問虛擬機，虛擬機間能夠相互訪問，

虛擬機能夠訪問外網）

 eg： config.vm.network" private_network ", ip: "192.168.1.200"

Forwardedport：端口映射，把宿主機的某一端口映射到虛擬機的某一端口上

   eg： config.vm.forwarded_port80,8080, protocol: 「udp」   默認只轉發tcp協議

包

• Vagrantfile complete case

  cd C:\workstation

  Download a box file into this directory,such ascentos66_v2.box

  vagrantbox add centos66 centos66_v2.box

  vagrantbox list

  vagrant init

  Modified the Vagrantfile as before

  vagrant up centos66

  vagrant status centos66

  Then you can login into this machine and install MySQL

    - ip:port -> 127.0.0.1:2222

                 - username:password -> vagrant:vagrant

    - login to super user(root) with sudo su -

      vagrant halt

      vagrant package --base centos66 --output centos66_new.box --vagrantfile Vagrantfile

      vagrant destroy centos66

      vagrant box remove centos66