K8S(14)監控實戰-grafana出圖_alert告警

時間 2020-08-17

標籤 k8s 監控實戰 grafana alert 告警欄目 JavaScript 简体版

原文原文鏈接

k8s監控實戰-grafana出圖_alert告警

k8s監控實戰-grafana出圖_alert告警
- 1 使用炫酷的grafana出圖
  - 1.1 部署grafana
  - 1.2 使用grafana出圖
- 2 配置alert告警插件
  - 2.1 部署alert插件
  - 2.2 K8S使用alert報警

1 使用炫酷的grafana出圖

prometheus的dashboard雖然號稱擁有多種多樣的圖表,可是實在太簡陋了,通常都用專業的grafana工具來出圖
grafana官方dockerhub地址
 grafana官方github地址
 grafana官網html

1.1 部署grafana

1.1.1 準備鏡像

docker pull grafana/grafana:5.4.2
docker tag  6f18ddf9e552 harbor.zq.com/infra/grafana:v5.4.2
docker push harbor.zq.com/infra/grafana:v5.4.2

準備目錄node

mkdir /data/k8s-yaml/grafana
cd    /data/k8s-yaml/grafana

1.1.2 準備rbac資源清單

cat >rbac.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
  name: grafana
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - "*"
  resources:
  - namespaces
  - deployments
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile
    kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
  name: grafana
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: grafana
subjects:
- kind: User
  name: k8s-node
EOF

1.1.3 準備dp資源清單

cat >dp.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: grafana
    name: grafana
  name: grafana
  namespace: infra
spec:
  progressDeadlineSeconds: 600
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 7
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: grafana
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxSurge: 1
      maxUnavailable: 1
    type: RollingUpdate
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: grafana
        name: grafana
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: grafana
        image: harbor.zq.com/infra/grafana:v5.4.2
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
          protocol: TCP
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /var/lib/grafana
          name: data
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: harbor
      securityContext:
        runAsUser: 0
      volumes:
      - nfs:
          server: hdss7-200
          path: /data/nfs-volume/grafana
        name: data
EOF

建立frafana數據目錄git

mkdir /data/nfs-volume/grafana

1.1.4 準備svc資源清單

cat >svc.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: infra
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 3000
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: 3000
  selector:
    app: grafana
EOF

1.1.5 準備ingress資源清單

cat >ingress.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: grafana
  namespace: infra
spec:
  rules:
  - host: grafana.zq.com
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: grafana
          servicePort: 3000
EOF

1.1.6 域名解析

vi /var/named/zq.com.zone
grafana            A    10.4.7.10

systemctl restart named

1.1.7 應用資源配置清單

kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/grafana/rbac.yaml
kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/grafana/dp.yaml
kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/grafana/svc.yaml
kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/grafana/ingress.yaml

1.2 使用grafana出圖

1.2.1 瀏覽器訪問驗證

訪問http://grafana.zq.com,默認用戶名密碼admin/admin
能成功訪問表示安裝成功
進入後當即修改管理員密碼爲admin123github

1.2.2 進入容器安裝插件

grafana確認啓動好之後,須要進入grafana容器內部,安裝如下插件docker

kubectl -n infra exec  -it grafana-d6588db94-xr4s6 /bin/bash
# 如下命令在容器內執行
grafana-cli plugins install grafana-kubernetes-app
grafana-cli plugins install grafana-clock-panel
grafana-cli plugins install grafana-piechart-panel
grafana-cli plugins install briangann-gauge-panel
grafana-cli plugins install natel-discrete-panel

1.2.3 配置數據源

添加數據源,依次點擊：左側鋸齒圖標-->add data source-->Prometheus
api

添加完成後重啓grafana瀏覽器

kubectl -n infra delete pod grafana-7dd95b4c8d-nj5cx

1.2.4 添加K8S集羣信息

啓用K8S插件,依次點擊：左側鋸齒圖標-->Plugins-->kubernetes-->Enable
新建cluster,依次點擊：左側K8S圖標-->New Cluster
bash

1.2.5 查看k8s集羣數據和圖表

添加完須要稍等幾分鐘，在沒有取到數據以前，會報http forbidden，不要緊，等一會就好。大概2-5分鐘。
app

點擊Cluster Dashboard
curl

2 配置alert告警插件

2.1 部署alert插件

2.1.1 準備docker鏡像

docker pull docker.io/prom/alertmanager:v0.14.0
docker tag  23744b2d645c harbor.zq.com/infra/alertmanager:v0.14.0
docker push harbor.zq.com/infra/alertmanager:v0.14.0

準備目錄

mkdir /data/k8s-yaml/alertmanager
cd /data/k8s-yaml/alertmanager

2.1.2 準備cm資源清單

cat >cm.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: alertmanager-config
  namespace: infra
data:
  config.yml: |-
    global:
      # 在沒有報警的狀況下聲明爲已解決的時間
      resolve_timeout: 5m
      # 配置郵件發送信息
      smtp_smarthost: 'smtp.163.com:25'
      smtp_from: 'xxx@163.com'
      smtp_auth_username: 'xxx@163.com'
      smtp_auth_password: 'xxxxxx'
      smtp_require_tls: false
    templates:   
      - '/etc/alertmanager/*.tmpl'
    # 全部報警信息進入後的根路由，用來設置報警的分發策略
    route:
      # 這裏的標籤列表是接收到報警信息後的從新分組標籤，例如，接收到的報警信息裏面有許多具備 cluster=A 和 alertname=LatncyHigh 這樣的標籤的報警信息將會批量被聚合到一個分組裏面
      group_by: ['alertname', 'cluster']
      # 當一個新的報警分組被建立後，須要等待至少group_wait時間來初始化通知，這種方式能夠確保您能有足夠的時間爲同一分組來獲取多個警報，而後一塊兒觸發這個報警信息。
      group_wait: 30s

      # 當第一個報警發送後，等待'group_interval'時間來發送新的一組報警信息。
      group_interval: 5m

      # 若是一個報警信息已經發送成功了，等待'repeat_interval'時間來從新發送他們
      repeat_interval: 5m

      # 默認的receiver：若是一個報警沒有被一個route匹配，則發送給默認的接收器
      receiver: default

    receivers:
    - name: 'default'
      email_configs:
      - to: 'xxxx@qq.com'
        send_resolved: true
        html: '{{ template "email.to.html" . }}' 
        headers: { Subject: " {{ .CommonLabels.instance }} {{ .CommonAnnotations.summary }}" }   
  email.tmpl: |
    {{ define "email.to.html" }}
    {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Firing) 0 -}}
    {{ range .Alerts }}
    告警程序: prometheus_alert <br>
    告警級別: {{ .Labels.severity }} <br>
    告警類型: {{ .Labels.alertname }} <br>
    故障主機: {{ .Labels.instance }} <br>
    告警主題: {{ .Annotations.summary }}  <br>
    觸發時間: {{ .StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} <br>
    {{ end }}{{ end -}}
    
    {{- if gt (len .Alerts.Resolved) 0 -}}
    {{ range .Alerts }}
    告警程序: prometheus_alert <br>
    告警級別: {{ .Labels.severity }} <br>
    告警類型: {{ .Labels.alertname }} <br>
    故障主機: {{ .Labels.instance }} <br>
    告警主題: {{ .Annotations.summary }} <br>
    觸發時間: {{ .StartsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} <br>
    恢復時間: {{ .EndsAt.Format "2006-01-02 15:04:05" }} <br>
    {{ end }}{{ end -}}
    
    {{- end }}
EOF

2.1.3 準備dp資源清單

cat >dp.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: infra
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: alertmanager
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: alertmanager
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: alertmanager
        image: harbor.zq.com/infra/alertmanager:v0.14.0
        args:
          - "--config.file=/etc/alertmanager/config.yml"
          - "--storage.path=/alertmanager"
        ports:
        - name: alertmanager
          containerPort: 9093
        volumeMounts:
        - name: alertmanager-cm
          mountPath: /etc/alertmanager
      volumes:
      - name: alertmanager-cm
        configMap:
          name: alertmanager-config
      imagePullSecrets:
      - name: harbor
EOF

2.1.4 準備svc資源清單

cat >svc.yaml <<'EOF'
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: alertmanager
  namespace: infra
spec:
  selector: 
    app: alertmanager
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 9093
EOF

2.1.5 應用資源配置清單

kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/alertmanager/cm.yaml
kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/alertmanager/dp.yaml
kubectl apply -f http://k8s-yaml.zq.com/alertmanager/svc.yaml

2.2 K8S使用alert報警

2.2.1 k8s建立基礎報警規則文件

cat >/data/nfs-volume/prometheus/etc/rules.yml <<'EOF'
groups:
- name: hostStatsAlert
  rules:
  - alert: hostCpuUsageAlert
    expr: sum(avg without (cpu)(irate(node_cpu{mode!='idle'}[5m]))) by (instance) > 0.85
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} CPU usage above 85% (current value: {{ $value }}%)"
  - alert: hostMemUsageAlert
    expr: (node_memory_MemTotal - node_memory_MemAvailable)/node_memory_MemTotal > 0.85
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "{{ $labels.instance }} MEM usage above 85% (current value: {{ $value }}%)"
  - alert: OutOfInodes
    expr: node_filesystem_free{fstype="overlay",mountpoint ="/"} / node_filesystem_size{fstype="overlay",mountpoint ="/"} * 100 < 10
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Out of inodes (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Disk is almost running out of available inodes (< 10% left) (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: OutOfDiskSpace
    expr: node_filesystem_free{fstype="overlay",mountpoint ="/rootfs"} / node_filesystem_size{fstype="overlay",mountpoint ="/rootfs"} * 100 < 10
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Out of disk space (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Disk is almost full (< 10% left) (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: UnusualNetworkThroughputIn
    expr: sum by (instance) (irate(node_network_receive_bytes[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 100
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Unusual network throughput in (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Host network interfaces are probably receiving too much data (> 100 MB/s) (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: UnusualNetworkThroughputOut
    expr: sum by (instance) (irate(node_network_transmit_bytes[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 100
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Unusual network throughput out (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Host network interfaces are probably sending too much data (> 100 MB/s) (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: UnusualDiskReadRate
    expr: sum by (instance) (irate(node_disk_bytes_read[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 50
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Unusual disk read rate (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Disk is probably reading too much data (> 50 MB/s) (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: UnusualDiskWriteRate
    expr: sum by (instance) (irate(node_disk_bytes_written[2m])) / 1024 / 1024 > 50
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Unusual disk write rate (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Disk is probably writing too much data (> 50 MB/s) (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: UnusualDiskReadLatency
    expr: rate(node_disk_read_time_ms[1m]) / rate(node_disk_reads_completed[1m]) > 100
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Unusual disk read latency (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Disk latency is growing (read operations > 100ms) (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: UnusualDiskWriteLatency
    expr: rate(node_disk_write_time_ms[1m]) / rate(node_disk_writes_completedl[1m]) > 100
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Unusual disk write latency (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Disk latency is growing (write operations > 100ms) (current value: {{ $value }})"
- name: http_status
  rules:
  - alert: ProbeFailed
    expr: probe_success == 0
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: error
    annotations:
      summary: "Probe failed (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Probe failed (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: StatusCode
    expr: probe_http_status_code <= 199 OR probe_http_status_code >= 400
    for: 1m
    labels:
      severity: error
    annotations:
      summary: "Status Code (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "HTTP status code is not 200-399 (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: SslCertificateWillExpireSoon
    expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time() < 86400 * 30
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "SSL certificate will expire soon (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "SSL certificate expires in 30 days (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: SslCertificateHasExpired
    expr: probe_ssl_earliest_cert_expiry - time()  <= 0
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: error
    annotations:
      summary: "SSL certificate has expired (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "SSL certificate has expired already (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: BlackboxSlowPing
    expr: probe_icmp_duration_seconds > 2
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Blackbox slow ping (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Blackbox ping took more than 2s (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: BlackboxSlowRequests
    expr: probe_http_duration_seconds > 2 
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Blackbox slow requests (instance {{ $labels.instance }})"
      description: "Blackbox request took more than 2s (current value: {{ $value }})"
  - alert: PodCpuUsagePercent
    expr: sum(sum(label_replace(irate(container_cpu_usage_seconds_total[1m]),"pod","$1","container_label_io_kubernetes_pod_name", "(.*)"))by(pod) / on(pod) group_right kube_pod_container_resource_limits_cpu_cores *100 )by(container,namespace,node,pod,severity) > 80
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: warning
    annotations:
      summary: "Pod cpu usage percent has exceeded 80% (current value: {{ $value }}%)"
EOF

2.2.2 K8S 更新配置

在prometheus配置文件中追加配置：

cat >>/data/nfs-volume/prometheus/etc/prometheus.yml <<'EOF'
alerting:
  alertmanagers:
    - static_configs:
        - targets: ["alertmanager"]
rule_files:
 - "/data/etc/rules.yml"
EOF

重載配置：

curl -X POST http://prometheus.zq.com/-/reload

以上這些就是咱們的告警規則

2.2.3 測試告警

把test命名空間裏的dubbo-demo-service給停掉

blackbox裏信息已報錯,alert裏面項目變黃了

等到alert中項目變爲紅色的時候就開會發郵件告警

若是須要本身定製告警規則和告警內容，須要研究一下promql，本身修改配置文件。

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