QSettings配置讀寫-win註冊表操做-ini文件讀寫

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本文標題：QSettings配置讀寫-win註冊表操做-ini文件讀寫     本文地址： http://techieliang.com/2017/12/674/

文章目錄

• 1. 介紹
• 2. 建立配置文件
•  2.1. 配置格式
•  2.2. 做用域
•  2.3. 關於組織、程序名
• 3. 配置文件讀寫
• 4. 範例
•  4.1. win下SystemScope、IniFormat
•  4.2. win下UserScope、IniFormat
•  4.3. win下不設置IniFormat、UserScope
•  4.4. win下不設置IniFormat、SystemScope
•  4.5. win下InvalidFormat、SystemScope
•  4.6. win下InvalidFormat、UserScope
• 5. AllKeys
• 6. 高級
•  6.1. 自定義讀寫配置方法
•  6.2. Win特例
•  6.3. setPath函數-不一樣模式、範圍的默認路徑

1. 介紹

官方幫助文檔：QSettings

一套完整的配置文件讀寫機制，多平臺支持，支持ini文件讀寫、win下注冊表讀寫等操做。同時支持當前用戶配置及當前系統配置兩個做用範圍。

2. 建立配置文件

配置文件涉及到做用域（scope）、文件名(filename)、組織名(organization)、程序名(application)、配置格式(format)等，下面是可用的構造函數：

1. QSettings(const QString &organization, const QString &application = QString(), QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) //1
2. QSettings(Scope scope, const QString &organization, const QString &application = QString(), QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) //2
3. QSettings(Format format, Scope scope, const QString &organization, const QString &application = QString(), QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) //3
4. QSettings(const QString &fileName, Format format, QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR) //3
5. QSettings(QObject *parent = Q_NULLPTR)

構造方式1在win下自動在註冊表讀寫，2也同樣

3若是設置爲ini類型會在」C:/Users/XXXXX/AppData/Roaming/」用戶範圍創建ini文件，」C:/ProgramData/」系統範圍

4能夠指定文件名和類型

2.1. 配置格式

Constant	Value	Description
QSettings::NativeFormat	0	Store the settings using the most appropriate storage format for the platform. On Windows, this means the system registry; on macOS and iOS, this means the CFPreferences API; on Unix, this means textual configuration files in INI format.
QSettings::Registry32Format	2	Windows only: Explicitly access the 32-bit system registry from a 64-bit application running on 64-bit Windows. On 32-bit Windows or from a 32-bit application on 64-bit Windows, this works the same as specifying NativeFormat. This enum value was added in Qt 5.7.
QSettings::Registry64Format	3	Windows only: Explicitly access the 64-bit system registry from a 32-bit application running on 64-bit Windows. On 32-bit Windows or from a 64-bit application on 64-bit Windows, this works the same as specifying NativeFormat. This enum value was added in Qt 5.7.
QSettings::IniFormat	1	Store the settings in INI files.
QSettings::InvalidFormat	16	Special value returned by registerFormat().

2.2. 做用域

QSettings::UserScope	0	Store settings in a location specific to the current user (e.g., in the user’s home directory).
QSettings::SystemScope	1	Store settings in a global location, so that all users on the same machine access the same set of settings.

若是設置做用域爲用戶，則先檢查用戶，若是沒有再檢查系統範圍。若是設置爲系統則不會檢查用戶。

2.3. 關於組織、程序名

程序具備全局惟一的組織及程序名，能夠直接使用。若是須要單獨創建則不須要

1. QSettings settings("Moose Soft", "Facturo-Pro");//自定義
2. //配置全局名稱並使用
3. QCoreApplication::setOrganizationName("Moose Soft");
4. QCoreApplication::setApplicationName("Facturo-Pro");
5. QSettings settings;//此時能夠無參數構造

3. 配置文件讀寫

讀寫配置：setValue、value

爲了數據的分類明確還提供了配置分組功能，須要使用beginGroup、endGroup 注意begin開始後面代碼表示在組內操做，若想訪問組外內容必須先end

讀寫時能夠不用group操做，經過如下方式也可表示組的概念：

1. settings.setValue("mainwindow/size", win->size());
2. settings.setValue("mainwindow/fullScreen", win->isFullScreen());
3. settings.setValue("outputpanel/visible", panel->isVisible());
4. //等效於：
5. settings.beginGroup("mainwindow");
6. settings.setValue("size", win->size());
7. settings.setValue("fullScreen", win->isFullScreen());
8. settings.endGroup();
9. settings.beginGroup("outputpanel");
10. settings.setValue("visible", panel->isVisible());
11. settings.endGroup();

同時支持數組beginReadArray、beginWriteArray、endArray 注意begin開始後面代碼表示在組內操做，若想訪問組外內容必須先end

除此之外還有remove刪除配置內容，注意此刪除是徹底刪除此配置項，不是把當前配置內容制空

在讀數據以前可使用contains判斷是否有當前key的配置項

還有具備範圍傷害的兩個方法：clear刪除全部配置項（註冊表須要符合組合和程序名，ini就是清空）、allKeys讀取當前group及下屬全部配置項key的名稱

4. 範例

上面的可能看不懂，下面遍歷一遍win下的配置格式和做用域

4.1. win下SystemScope、IniFormat

1. #include <QCoreApplication>
2. #include <QDebug>
3. #include <QSettings>
4. int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
5. QCoreApplication a(argc,argv);
6. QSettings config(QSettings::IniFormat, QSettings::SystemScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
7. qDebug()<< config.fileName();
8. //寫入配置文件
9. config.beginGroup("config");
10. config.setValue("user_name", "test");
11. config.setValue("key", 123);
12. config.endGroup();
13. config.beginGroup("config");
14. qDebug()<<config.value("user_name").toString()
15. <<config.value("key").toInt();
16. config.beginGroup("config");
17. return 0;
18. }
19. //"C:/ProgramData/TechieLiang/testQSettings.ini"
20. //"test" 123

4.2. win下UserScope、IniFormat

1. #include <QCoreApplication>
2. #include <QDebug>
3. #include <QSettings>
4. int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
5. QCoreApplication a(argc,argv);
6. QSettings config(QSettings::IniFormat, QSettings::UserScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
7. qDebug()<< config.fileName();
8. return 0;
9. }
10. //"C:/Users/XXXX/AppData/Roaming/TechieLiang/testQSettings.ini"
11. //XXXX用戶名

4.3. win下不設置IniFormat、UserScope

1. QSettings config(QSettings::UserScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
2. qDebug()<< config.fileName();
3.  
4. //"\\HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\Software\\TechieLiang\\testQSettings"

4.4. win下不設置IniFormat、SystemScope

1. QSettings config(QSettings::SystemScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
2. //"\\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\\Software\\TechieLiang\\testQSettings"

4.5. win下InvalidFormat、SystemScope

1. QSettings config(QSettings::InvalidFormat,QSettings::SystemScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
2. //"C:/ProgramData/TechieLiang/testQSettings.ini"

4.6. win下InvalidFormat、UserScope

1. QSettings config(QSettings::InvalidFormat,QSettings::UserScope,"TechieLiang", "testQSettings");
2. //"C:/Users/XXXX/AppData/Roaming/TechieLiang/testQSettings.ini"
3. //XXXX用戶名

5. AllKeys

1. QSettings settings;
2. settings.setValue("fridge/color", QColor(Qt::white));
3. settings.setValue("fridge/size", QSize(32, 96));
4. settings.setValue("sofa", true);
5. settings.setValue("tv", false);
6. QStringList keys = settings.allKeys();
7. // keys: ["fridge/color", "fridge/size", "sofa", "tv"]
8. settings.beginGroup("fridge");
9. keys = settings.allKeys();
10. // keys: ["color", "size"]

6. 高級

6.1. 自定義讀寫配置方法

registerFormat(const QString &extension, ReadFunc readFunc, WriteFunc writeFunc, Qt::CaseSensitivity caseSensitivity = Qt::CaseSensitive)

此方法能夠註冊自定義格式

1. bool readXmlFile(QIODevice &device, QSettings::SettingsMap &map);
2. bool writeXmlFile(QIODevice &device, const QSettings::SettingsMap &map);
3.  
4. int main(int argc, char *argv[])
5. {
6. const QSettings::Format XmlFormat =
7. QSettings::registerFormat("xml", readXmlFile, writeXmlFile);
8.  
9. QSettings settings(XmlFormat, QSettings::UserScope, "MySoft",
10. "Star Runner");
11.  
12. ...
13. }

6.2. Win特例

windows下可能一個key同時具備value和子項目，此時值須要經過Default或「.」來訪問

On Windows, it is possible for a key to have both a value and subkeys. Its default value is accessed by using 「Default」 or 「.」 in place of a subkey:

1. settings.setValue("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\MySoft\\Star Runner\\Galaxy", "Milkyway");
2. settings.setValue("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\MySoft\\Star Runner\\Galaxy\\Sun", "OurStar");
3. settings.value("HKEY_CURRENT_USER\\MySoft\\Star Runner\\Galaxy\\Default"); // returns "Milkyway"

6.3. setPath函數-不一樣模式、範圍的默認路徑

若是開始設置的範圍、配置格式、文件路徑不對，也能夠經過此函數修改，主要是按默認路徑

void QSettings::setPath(Format format, Scope scope, const QString &path)

對應的默認路徑以下：

Platform	Format	Scope	Path
Windows	IniFormat	UserScope	FOLDERID_RoamingAppData
		SystemScope	FOLDERID_ProgramData
Unix	NativeFormat, IniFormat	UserScope	$HOME/.config
		SystemScope	/etc/xdg
Qt for Embedded Linux	NativeFormat, IniFormat	UserScope	$HOME/Settings
		SystemScope	/etc/xdg
macOS and iOS	IniFormat	UserScope	$HOME/.config
		SystemScope	/etc/xdg

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