基於IPv6的數據包抓包分析（GNS3）

1、實驗拓撲

2、路由配置

路由R一、R二、R三、R四、R5詳細配置：

一、配置R1：

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:019:2::1/64

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:35:22.231: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:35:23.231: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:019:1::1/64

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:36:18.859: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:36:19.859: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

R1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:a::/64 2001:db8:019:1::2

R1(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:b::/64 2001:db8:019:2::2

二、配置R2：

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:019:1::2/64

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:26:32.643: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:26:33.643: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:019:a::1/64

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:28:46.047: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:28:47.047: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

R2(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:2::/64 2001:db8:019:1::1

R2(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:b::/64 2001:db8:019:1::1

三、配置R3：

R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

R3(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:019:2::2/64

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:40:52.811: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:40:53.811: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R3(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:db8:019:b::2/64

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:41:21.427: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:41:22.427: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

R3(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:1::/64 2001:db8:019:2::1

R3(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:a::/64 2001:db8:019:2::1

四、配置R4：

R4(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

R4(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/1

R4(config-if)#ipv6 enable

R4(config-if)#ipv6 address autoconfig

R4(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:40:17.211: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:40:18.211: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:1::/64 2001:db8:019:a::1

R4(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:2::/64 2001:db8:019:a::1

R4(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:b::/64 2001:db8:019:a::1

五、配置R5：

R5(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing

R5(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R5(config-if)#ipv6 enable

R5(config-if)#ipv6 address autoconfig

R5(config-if)#no shutdown

R5(config-if)#

*Mar  1 00:43:58.783: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Mar  1 00:43:59.783: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R5(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:1::/64 2001:db8:019:b::1

R5(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:2::/64 2001:db8:019:b::1

R5(config)#ipv6 route 2001:db8:019:a::/64 2001:db8:019:b::1

3、地址檢驗

使用指令「show ipv6 interface brief」查詢每一個接口的IPv6地址配置狀況：

一、  R1：

R1#show ipv6 interface brief

FastEthernet0/0            [up/up]

    FE80::CE01:1FFF:FE64:0

    2001:DB8:19:1::1

FastEthernet0/1            [up/up]

    FE80::CE01:1FFF:FE64:1

    2001:DB8:19:2::1

二、R2：

R2#show ipv6 interface brief

FastEthernet0/0            [up/up]

    FE80::CE02:28FF:FEE8:0

    2001:DB8:19:1::2

FastEthernet0/1            [up/up]

    FE80::CE02:28FF:FEE8:1

    2001:DB8:19:A::1

三、R3：

R3#show ipv6 interface brief

FastEthernet0/0            [up/up]

    FE80::CE03:15FF:FEF8:0

    2001:DB8:19:B::2

FastEthernet0/1            [up/up]

    FE80::CE03:15FF:FEF8:1

    2001:DB8:19:2::2

四、R4：

R4#show ipv6 interface brief

FastEthernet0/0            [administratively down/down]

FastEthernet0/1            [up/up]

    FE80::CE04:24FF:FE20:1

    2001:DB8:19:A:CE04:24FF:FE20:1

五、R5：

R5#show ipv6 interface brief

FastEthernet0/0            [up/up]

    FE80::CE05:28FF:FE38:0

    2001:DB8:19:B:CE05:28FF:FE38:0

FastEthernet0/1            [administratively down/down]

4、網絡互ping測試

一、相鄰網段互ping測試（R1 ping R2）：

二、不一樣網段互ping測試（R4 ping R1）：

三、全局互ping測試（R5 ping R4）：

5、報文分析

報文類型包括12八、12九、13三、13四、13五、136類型：

一、128類型（回送請求）報文

做用：用於發送到目的節點，以使目標節點當即發回一個回送應答報文。

二、129類型（回送應答）報文

做用：當收到一個回送請求報文時，ICMPv6會用回送應答報文響應。

三、133類型（路由RS請求）報文

做用：不少狀況下主機接入網絡後但願儘快獲取前綴進行通訊，那麼此時主機能夠馬上發送RS報文，網絡上的路由器將回應RA報文。RS報文的type字段值爲133。

四、134類型（路由RA通告）報文

做用：每臺路由器爲了讓二層網絡上的主機和路由器知道本身的存在，定時都會組播發送RA報文，RA報文中會帶有網絡前綴信息，及其餘一些標誌位信息。RA報文的type字段值爲134。

五、135類型（鄰居NS請求）報文

做用：Type字段值爲135，Code字段值爲0，在地址解析中的做用相似於IPv4中的ARP請求報文。

六、136類型（鄰居NA通告）報文

做用：Type字段值爲136，Code字段值爲0，相似於IPv4中的ARP應答報文。