Mysql一分鐘定位 Next-Key Lock,你須要幾分鐘

一分鐘定位 Next-Key Lock,你須要幾分鐘

標籤: Mysql、Next-KeyLock、插入意向鎖mysql

鏈接與線程

查看鏈接信息 show processlistsql

+----+------+------------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| Id | User | Host             | db   | Command | Time | State    | Info             |
+----+------+------------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+
| 3  | root | 172.17.0.1:60542 | test | Query   | 0    | starting | show processlist |
| 5  | root | 172.17.0.1:60546 | test | Sleep   | 4168 |          | <null>           |
| 8  | root | 172.17.0.1:60552 | test | Sleep   | 4170 |          | <null>           |
+----+------+------------------+------+---------+------+----------+------------------+

mysql 非企業版本只支持一個線程一個連接session

查看線程模型 show variables like 'thread_handling'併發

+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| Variable_name                           | Value                     |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------+
| thread_handling                         | one-thread-per-connection |
+-----------------------------------------+---------------------------+

【 事務提交策略】
有兩個隱藏事務提交時間點須要注意,第一個是 autocommit=1 Mysql session 級別的自動提交變量,全部 ORM 框架中的事務提交控制都會受到這個字段影響,默認狀況下當前語句會自動提交,可是若是是顯示 begin transaction 開啓事務須要自行手動提交。有些時候 ORM 框架會根據一些設置或者策略,將 autocommit 設置爲0。框架

第二個就是,DDL操做前都會隱式提交當前事務,有些腳本將DML和DDL混合在一塊兒使用,這樣會有一致性問題。DDL會自動提交當前事務。由於DDL在5.7以前都是不支持事務原則操做的。(Mysql8.0已經支持DDL事務性)spa

Next-Key Lock 排查

Next-Key Lock 只發生在 RR(REPEATABLE-READ) 隔離級別下。線程

Mysql 有不少類型對種鎖,表鎖record lockgap lock意向共享/排他鎖插入意向鎖元數據鎖Auto_Incr自增鎖,排除掉 元數據鎖、Auto_Incr自增鎖 以後,剩下的鎖組合使用最多的就是在RR隔離級別下。調試

RR隔離級別是默認事務隔離級別,也是Mysql的強項之一,在RR隔離級別下事務有最大的吞吐量,並且不會出現幻讀問題。Next-Key Lock 就是爲了解決這個問題,簡單講 record lock+gap lock 就是 Next-Key Lockcode

_幻讀_的根本問題就是出如今記錄的邊界值上,好比咱們統計年齡大於30歲的人數:select count(1) peoples where age>30 這個語句有可能每次查詢獲得的結果集都是不同的,由於只要符合 age>30 的記錄進到咱們的 peoples 表中就會被查詢條件命中。orm

因此要想解決幻讀不只不容許記錄的空隙被插入記錄外,還要防止兩遍記錄被修改,由於若是先後兩條記錄被修改了那區間就會變大,就會有幻讀出現。

咱們看個例子。

CREATE TABLE `peoples` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `idx_peoples_age` (`age`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4
+----+-----+
| id | age |
+----+-----+
| 1  | 20  |
| 2  | 30  |
| 3  | 35  |
| 4  | 40  |
+----+-----+

爲了方便調試,將 innodb 獲取鎖的超時時間調大點

show variables like '%innodb_lock_wait%'
set innodb_lock_wait_timeout=600

開啓兩個會話。

session A id=8:
begin
select count(1) from peoples where age>30 for update;
session B id=5:
begin
insert into peoples(age) values(31)

show processlist 找到鏈接的id。

***************************[ 1. row ]***************************
Id      | 3
User    | root
Host    | 172.17.0.1:60542
db      | test
Command | Query
Time    | 0
State   | starting
Info    | show processlist
***************************[ 2. row ]***************************
Id      | 5
User    | root
Host    | 172.17.0.1:60546
db      | test
Command | Query
Time    | 394
State   | update
Info    | insert into peoples(age) values(31)
***************************[ 3. row ]***************************
Id      | 8
User    | root
Host    | 172.17.0.1:60552
db      | test
Command | Sleep
Time    | 396
State   |
Info    | <null>
  • 事務

select * from information_schema.innodb_trx \G 查看事務執行狀況。

***************************[ 1. row ]***************************
trx_id                     | 457240
trx_state                  | LOCK WAIT
trx_started                | 2020-01-27 06:08:12
trx_requested_lock_id      | 457240:131:4:4
trx_wait_started           | 2020-01-27 06:09:25
trx_weight                 | 6
trx_mysql_thread_id        | 5
trx_query                  | insert into peoples(age) values(31)
trx_operation_state        | inserting
trx_tables_in_use          | 1
trx_tables_locked          | 1
trx_lock_structs           | 5
trx_lock_memory_bytes      | 1136
trx_rows_locked            | 4
trx_rows_modified          | 1
trx_concurrency_tickets    | 0
trx_isolation_level        | REPEATABLE READ
trx_unique_checks          | 1
trx_foreign_key_checks     | 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error | <null>
trx_adaptive_hash_latched  | 0
trx_adaptive_hash_timeout  | 0
trx_is_read_only           | 0
trx_autocommit_non_locking | 0
***************************[ 2. row ]***************************
trx_id                     | 457239
trx_state                  | RUNNING
trx_started                | 2020-01-27 06:07:59
trx_requested_lock_id      | <null>
trx_wait_started           | <null>
trx_weight                 | 3
trx_mysql_thread_id        | 8
trx_query                  | <null>
trx_operation_state        | <null>
trx_tables_in_use          | 0
trx_tables_locked          | 1
trx_lock_structs           | 3
trx_lock_memory_bytes      | 1136
trx_rows_locked            | 5
trx_rows_modified          | 0
trx_concurrency_tickets    | 0
trx_isolation_level        | REPEATABLE READ
trx_unique_checks          | 1
trx_foreign_key_checks     | 1
trx_last_foreign_key_error | <null>
trx_adaptive_hash_latched  | 0
trx_adaptive_hash_timeout  | 0
trx_is_read_only           | 0
trx_autocommit_non_locking | 0

457240 事務狀態是 LOCK WAIT 在等待鎖,457239事務狀態是 RUNNING執行中,正在等待事務提交。

select * from information_schema.innodb_locks \G 查看鎖的佔用狀況。

***************************[ 1. row ]***************************
lock_id     | 457240:131:4:4
lock_trx_id | 457240
lock_mode   | X,GAP
lock_type   | RECORD
lock_table  | `test`.`peoples`
lock_index  | idx_peoples_age
lock_space  | 131
lock_page   | 4
lock_rec    | 4
lock_data   | 35, 7
***************************[ 2. row ]***************************
lock_id     | 457239:131:4:4
lock_trx_id | 457239
lock_mode   | X
lock_type   | RECORD
lock_table  | `test`.`peoples`
lock_index  | idx_peoples_age
lock_space  | 131
lock_page   | 4
lock_rec    | 4
lock_data   | 35, 7

innodb_locks 表包含了已經獲取到的鎖信息和請求鎖的信息。lock_index字段表示鎖走的索引,record鎖都是基於索引完成。

根據上面事務457240狀態是獲取鎖,lock_data | 35, 7,表示請求的數據。而事務457239佔用了當前X鎖。

  • 鎖等待

select * from information_schema.innodb_lock_waits 查看鎖等待信息。

***************************[ 1. row ]***************************
requesting_trx_id | 457240
requested_lock_id | 457240:131:4:4
blocking_trx_id   | 457239
blocking_lock_id  | 457239:131:4:4

457240 事務須要獲取131:4:4鎖,457239 事務佔用了131:4:4鎖。

  • innodb 監視器
    show engine innodb status
LIST OF TRANSACTIONS FOR EACH SESSION:
---TRANSACTION 422032240994144, not started
0 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 0 row lock(s)
---TRANSACTION 457240, ACTIVE 394 sec inserting
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 5 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 7 row lock(s), undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 5, OS thread handle 140556966967040, query id 105 172.17.0.1 root update
insert into peoples(age) values(31)
------- TRX HAS BEEN WAITING 165 SEC FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 131 page no 4 n bits 72 index idx_peoples_age of table `test`.`peoples` trx id 457240 lock_mode X locks gap before rec insert intention waiting
Record lock, heap no 4 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 0
 0: len 4; hex 80000023; asc    #;;
 1: len 4; hex 00000007; asc     ;;

------------------
---TRANSACTION 457239, ACTIVE 407 sec
3 lock struct(s), heap size 1136, 5 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 8, OS thread handle 140556966696704, query id 104 172.17.0.1 root

MySQL thread id 5 正在準備上插入意向鎖,插入意向鎖本質上是加間隙鎖,是爲了保證最大併發插入,不相關的行插入不受到互斥。thread id 5 須要保證在插入前加上間隙鎖,主要是防止併發插入帶來的一致性問題。

session 5 和 session 8 都沒有操做到 id=3,age=35的記錄,可是卻被X+Gap Lock 鎖住,只有這樣才能解決幻讀問題。

做者:王清培(趣頭條 Tech Leader)

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