MySQL Replication配置
MySQL Replication配置
1、MySQL主從介紹
- MySQL主從又叫作Replication、AB複製。簡單講就是A和B兩臺機器作主從後，在A上寫數據，另一臺B也會跟着寫數據，二者數據實時同步；
- MySQL主從是基於binlog的，主上須開啓binlog才能進行主從；
- 主從過程大體有3個步驟：
- 主將更改操做記錄到binlog裏
- 從將主的binlog事件（sql語句）同步到從本機上並記錄在relaylog裏
- 從根據relaylog裏面的sql語句按順序執行
- 主(master)上有一個log dump線程，用來和從的I/O線程傳遞binlong；
- 從(slave)上有兩個線程，其中I/O線程用來同步主的binlog並生成relaylog，另一個sql線程用來把relaylog裏面的sql語句落地。
2、準備工做
作實驗須要兩臺機器，且都須要mysql；php
- 主機1 ying01 192.168.112.136；
- 主機2 ying02 192.168.112.138 ;
第一步：先查看ying02是否安裝mysqlmysql
[root@ying02 ~]# ls /usr/local/mysql ls: 沒法訪問/usr/local/mysql: 沒有那個文件或目錄 [root@ying02 ~]# ps aux |grep mysql root 1270 0.0 0.0 112676 980 pts/0 S+ 11:50 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@ying02 ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@ying02 src]# ls
第二步;把ying01上的mysql 5.6的安裝包，複製到ying02機器上；linux
利用xftp軟件，先把ying01上的mysql 5.6安裝包複製到桌面；web
接着再從桌面移到/usr/local/src/sql
第三步：此時，解壓，建立用戶，編譯等（見LNMP 筆記）數據庫
[root@ying02 src]# ls mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@ying02 src]# tar zxf mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz [root@ying02 src]# mv mysql-5.6.36-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql [root@ying02 src]# ls /usr/local/mysql/ bin COPYING data docs include lib man mysql-test README scripts share sql-bench support-files [root@ying02 src]# cd /usr/local/mysql/ [root@ying02 mysql]# useradd mysql [root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql
編譯的時候出現錯誤，須要安裝 perl perl-devel庫vim
[root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql -bash: ./scripts/mysql_install_db: /usr/bin/perl: 壞的解釋器: 沒有那個文件或目錄 [root@ying02 mysql]# yum -y install perl perl-devel
繼續安裝 perl-Data-Dumperbash
[root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql FATAL ERROR: please install the following Perl modules before executing ./scripts/mysql_install_db: Data::Dumper [root@ying02 mysql]# yum install -y perl-Data-Dumper
繼續按提示安裝：libaio服務器
[root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql Installing MySQL system tables..../bin/mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory [root@ying02 mysql]# yum install -y libaio
此時，編譯成功，用echo $? 檢測，爲0正確socket
[root@ying02 mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql [root@ying02 mysql]# echo $? 0
第四步：按下面，配置my.cnf文件
[root@ying02 mysql]# vi /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql //指定數據目錄 socket=/tmp/mysql.sock //指定sock位置
第五步：把mysql腳本，複製到/etc/init.d下，並更名爲mysqld；並配置腳本文件；
[root@ying02 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@ying02 mysql]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld //腳本文件，按下面配置 basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/data/mysql
第六步：啓動mysql腳本服務；
[root@ying02 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/ying02.err'. . SUCCESS!
3、配置主
如今把ying01做爲主(master),把ying02做爲從(slave)
按下面提示，編輯主配置文件；
[root@ying01 src]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock server-id=136 //須要添加，id任意數字 log_bin=ying01 //前綴
重啓mysql服務；查看數據目錄有 ying01.000001和ying.index兩個文件；
[root@ying01 src]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! ` [root@ying01 src]# cd /data/mysql/ //切換到mysql數據目錄下 [root@ying01 mysql]# ls -l 總用量 176308 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 16384 6月 27 09:58 aria_log.00000001 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 52 6月 27 09:58 aria_log_control -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 56 6月 24 08:45 auto.cnf -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 2747 6月 27 09:58 ib_buffer_pool -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 79691776 7月 19 13:26 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 19 13:26 ib_logfile0 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 19 13:22 ib_logfile1 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 0 6月 24 17:37 multi-master.info drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 11 22:48 mysql drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 11 23:28 mysql2 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 24 07:45 performance_schema drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 6月 24 07:45 test -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 120 7月 19 13:26 ying01.000001 //新生成的 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 89233 7月 19 13:26 ying01.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16 7月 19 13:26 ying01.index //新生成的索引頁 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 7月 19 13:26 ying01.pid drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 7月 16 23:59 zrlog
先把zrlog數據庫作備份，並更名爲 yingying數據庫；
[root@ying01 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux zrlog > /tmp/zrlog.sql //先備份 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 mysql]# du -sh /tmp/zrlog.sql 12K /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@ying01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux -e "create database yingying" //建立yingying數據庫 Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux yingying < /tmp/zrlog.sql //再把備份的寫入到yingying Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. [root@ying01 mysql]# ls -lt 總用量 176276 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 19 13:30 ib_logfile0 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 79691776 7月 19 13:30 ibdata1 -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 10999 7月 19 13:30 ying01.000001 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 7月 19 13:30 yingying //備份的數據庫，yingying -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 89233 7月 19 13:26 ying01.err -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 5 7月 19 13:26 ying01.pid -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 16 7月 19 13:26 ying01.index -rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 7月 19 13:22 ib_logfile1 drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 324 7月 16 23:59 zrlog drwx------ 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 11 23:28 mysql2 drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 7月 11 22:48 mysql -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 16384 6月 27 09:58 aria_log.00000001 -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 52 6月 27 09:58 aria_log_control -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 2747 6月 27 09:58 ib_buffer_pool -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 0 6月 24 17:37 multi-master.info -rwxr-xr-x 1 mysql mysql 56 6月 24 08:45 auto.cnf drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 4096 6月 24 07:45 performance_schema drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 6月 24 07:45 test [root@ying01 mysql]#
進入mysql；
[root@ying01 mysql]# mysql -uroot -pyinglinux Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.6.36-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
授予repl用戶（所屬IP）從複製權限，針對全部的數據庫及表，以及密碼
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repl'@'192.168.112.138' identified by 'yinglinux111'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
grant 權限 on 數據庫對象 to 用戶
名詞 解釋 replication slave 從複製權限 *.* 數據庫.表 repl 主從複製的用戶 IP slave的IP
先鎖定數據庫以防止寫入數據；
mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
查看master狀態
mysql> show master status; +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | ying01.000001 | 11211 | | | | +---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye
把須要主從複製的數據庫都備份
[root@ying01 mysql]# ls /tmp/ 1212.txt php_errors.log-20180704 test.com.log hsperfdata_root php-fcgi.sock user.sql mysql_all.sql systemd-private-0b22f6f6d29c4dd98b413eb07065989f-chronyd.service-k7zu0o ying.sock mysqlbak.sql systemd-private-0b22f6f6d29c4dd98b413eb07065989f-vgauthd.service-2DBZkO zrlog.sql mysql.sock systemd-private-0b22f6f6d29c4dd98b413eb07065989f-vmtoolsd.service-25Cn8e [root@ying01 mysql]# mysqldump -uroot -pyinglinux mysql2 > /tmp/my2.sql Warning: Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
4、配置從
如今在從端配置: ying02 192.168.112.138
編輯mysql配置文件；
[root@ying02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysqld] datadir=/data/mysql socket=/tmp/mysql.sock server-id=138 //id只要和主端不一樣便可
重啓mysql服務；並利用scp命令，複製ying01上備份文件到ying02上/tmp下；
[root@ying02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS! Starting MySQL.. SUCCESS! [root@ying02 ~]# ls /data/mysql/ auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql performance_schema test ying02.err ying02.pid [root@ying02 ~]# scp 192.168.112.136:/tmp/my2.sql /tmp/ my2.sql 100% 641KB 18.6MB/s 00:00 [root@ying02 ~]# scp 192.168.112.136:/tmp/zrlog.sql /tmp/ zrlog.sql 100% 10KB 2.1MB/s 00:00 [root@ying02 ~]# ls /tmp/ 1212.txt systemd-private-a229089a97fe4894a0c6a4e777a7688a-chronyd.service-Jlqqo0 zrlog.sql my2.sql systemd-private-a229089a97fe4894a0c6a4e777a7688a-vgauthd.service-lVk5CW mysql.sock systemd-private-a229089a97fe4894a0c6a4e777a7688a-vmtoolsd.service-NuLEq4
因爲ying02沒有給mysql命令指定環境變量；所以此時須要設置別名，方便使用；
[root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot //沒有設置環境變量 -bash: mysql: 未找到命令 [root@ying02 ~]# alias 'mysql=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql' //別名 [root@ying02 ~]# alias 'mysqldump=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqldump' //別名 [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot //如今可使用 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
建立與ying01上相同的數據庫，並把/tmp下相應的備份數據庫，拷貝到剛建立的數據庫，須要一一對應；
mysql> create database yingying; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database zrlog; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create database mysql2; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.20 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot yingying < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot zrlog < /tmp/zrlog.sql [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot mysql < /tmp/my2.sql ERROR 1556 (HY000) at line 180: You can't use locks with log tables. [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot mysql2 < /tmp/my2.sql [root@ying02 ~]# ls /data/mysql/ auto.cnf ibdata1 ib_logfile0 ib_logfile1 mysql mysql2 performance_schema test ying02.err ying02.pid yingying zrlog [root@ying02 ~]# mysql -uroot Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 6 Server version: 5.6.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>
若slave io及sql線程已經啓動，須要先 stop slave
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
change master命令設置slave從機與master主機進行通訊；
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.112.136',master_user='repl',master_password='yinglinux111',master_log_file='ying01.000001',master_log_pos=11211; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.03 sec)
語句釋義：
- master_host 與 master_port：分別表明master主機名（或IP地址）及mysql實例端口號。端口默認爲3306,則能夠省略；
- master_user 與 master_password：鏈接到master主機複製帳戶所對應的用戶名及密碼。
- master_log_file 與 master_log_pos：肯定slave的io線程下次開始執行時從master開始讀取的位置座標，若是兩者都沒有指定，slave使用上次slave sql線程保存的位置。
注意：change master to能夠不帶參數，如：只改變了用於複製的用戶密碼，那麼change master to只需針對master_password選項做出修改便可。
開啓從機上slave io及sql線程；
mysql> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.15 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
Slave_IO_Running: Connecting //有問題
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
出現 Slave_IO_Running: Connecting 問題
有問題 ，先中止slave；
mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)在排查用戶名，密碼等配置信息後，發現ying01端的防火牆沒有關閉；
[root@ying01 mysql]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@ying01 mysql]# iptables -nvL Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 0 packets, 0 bytes) pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination
回到從端（ying02），從新開啓start slave
mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.112.136', master_user='repl', master_password='yinglinux111', master_log_file='ying01.000001', master_log_pos=112211;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)
mysql> start slave; //開啓
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.112.136
Master_User: repl
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: ying01.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 11211
Relay_Log_File: ying02-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 280
Relay_Master_Log_File: ying01.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //配置成功
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //配置成功
配置成功後，而後到ying01上，解鎖數據表；
mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
5、測試主從同步
數據庫及表同步也能夠指定，主從上命令不一樣：
主服務器：
- binglog-do-db=1,2 //僅同步指定的庫1和2
- bing-ignore-db=3 //忽略指定的庫3
從服務器：
- replicate-do-db=
- replicate-ignore-db=
- replicate-do-table
- replicate-ignore-table=
- replicate-wild-do-table= // 經常使用
- replicate-wild-ignore-table= // 經常使用
如今分別在ying01和ying02機器上進行主從測試：
在主（ying01）上，進入yingying數據庫，查看其數據表狀況；
mysql> mysql> use yingying Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> show tables; //常看當前數據庫的表 +--------------------+ | Tables_in_yingying | +--------------------+ | comment | | link | | log | | lognav | | plugin | | tag | | type | | user | | website | +--------------------+ 9 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from website; //查看websites表的行數 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 10 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> truncate table website; //清空ebsites表內容 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec) mysql> select count(*) from website; //此時此表內容爲0 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 0 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop table website; //刪除 website表 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql>
從端（ying02）測試
mysql> use yingying //進入yingying數據庫 Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> select count(*) from website; //查看 website的行數，與主端一致 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 10 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select count(*) from website; //在主端清空 website表的內容，此時與主端一致 +----------+ | count(*) | +----------+ | 0 | +----------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> select * from website; //在主端刪除 website表，此時也與主端一致，此表已經不存在 ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'yingying.website' doesn't exist mysql> select count(*) from website; ERROR 1146 (42S02): Table 'yingying.website' doesn't exist mysql>
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