PyTorch Tutorials 5 數據並行（選讀）

%matplotlib inline

數據並行（選讀）

Authors: Sung Kim and Jenny Kang

在這個教程裏，咱們將學習如何使用 DataParallel 來使用多GPU。

PyTorch很是容易就可使用多GPU，用以下方式把一個模型放到GPU上：

device = torch.device("cuda:0")
    model.to(device)

GPU:
而後複製全部的張量到GPU上：

mytensor = my_tensor.to(device)

請注意，只調用my_tensor.to(device)並無複製張量到GPU上，而是返回了一個copy。因此你須要把它賦值給一個新的張量並在GPU上使用這個張量。

在多GPU上執行前向和反向傳播是天然而然的事。
可是PyTorch默認將只使用一個GPU。

使用DataParallel能夠輕易的讓模型並行運行在多個GPU上。

model = nn.DataParallel(model)

這纔是這篇教程的核心，接下來咱們將更詳細的介紹它。

導入和參數

導入PyTorch模塊和定義參數。

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader

# Parameters and DataLoaders
input_size = 5
output_size = 2

batch_size = 30
data_size = 100

Device

device = torch.device("cuda:0" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")

虛擬數據集

製做一個虛擬（隨機）數據集，
你只需實現 __getitem__

class RandomDataset(Dataset):

    def __init__(self, size, length):
        self.len = length
        self.data = torch.randn(length, size)

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        return self.data[index]

    def __len__(self):
        return self.len

rand_loader = DataLoader(dataset=RandomDataset(input_size, data_size), batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True)

簡單模型

做爲演示，咱們的模型只接受一個輸入，執行一個線性操做，而後獲得結果。
說明：DataParallel能在任何模型（CNN，RNN，Capsule Net等）上使用。

咱們在模型內部放置了一條打印語句來打印輸入和輸出向量的大小。

請注意批次的秩爲0時打印的內容。

class Model(nn.Module):
    # Our model

    def __init__(self, input_size, output_size):
        super(Model, self).__init__()
        self.fc = nn.Linear(input_size, output_size)

    def forward(self, input):
        output = self.fc(input)
        print("\tIn Model: input size", input.size(),
              "output size", output.size())

        return output

建立一個模型和數據並行

這是本教程的核心部分。

首先，咱們須要建立一個模型實例和檢測咱們是否有多個GPU。
若是有多個GPU，使用nn.DataParallel來包裝咱們的模型。
而後經過mmodel.to(device)把模型放到GPU上。

model = Model(input_size, output_size)
if torch.cuda.device_count() > 1:
  print("Let's use", torch.cuda.device_count(), "GPUs!")
  # dim = 0 [30, xxx] -> [10, ...], [10, ...], [10, ...] on 3 GPUs
  model = nn.DataParallel(model)

model.to(device)

Model(
  (fc): Linear(in_features=5, out_features=2, bias=True)
)

運行模型

如今能夠看到輸入和輸出張量的大小。

for data in rand_loader:
    input = data.to(device)
    output = model(input)
    print("Outside: input size", input.size(),
          "output_size", output.size())

In Model: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output size torch.Size([30, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output size torch.Size([30, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output size torch.Size([30, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])

結果

當沒有或者只有一個GPU時，對30個輸入和輸出進行批處理，獲得了指望的同樣獲得30個輸入和輸出，可是若是你有多個GPU，你獲得以下的結果。

2 GPUs
~

If you have 2, you will see:

.. code:: bash

# on 2 GPUs
Let's use 2 GPUs!
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([15, 5]) output size torch.Size([15, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([5, 5]) output size torch.Size([5, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([5, 5]) output size torch.Size([5, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])

3 GPUs
~

If you have 3 GPUs, you will see:

.. code:: bash

Let's use 3 GPUs!
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output size torch.Size([10, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])

8 GPUs
~~

If you have 8, you will see:

.. code:: bash

Let's use 8 GPUs!
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([4, 5]) output size torch.Size([4, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([30, 5]) output_size torch.Size([30, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
    In Model: input size torch.Size([2, 5]) output size torch.Size([2, 2])
Outside: input size torch.Size([10, 5]) output_size torch.Size([10, 2])

總結

DataParallel會自動的劃分數據，並將做業發送到多個GPU上的多個模型。
並在每一個模型完成做業後，收集合並結果並返回。

更多信息請看這裏：
https://pytorch.org/tutorials/beginner/former\_torchies/parallelism\_tutorial.html.