網絡驅動之net_device結構體

在Linux系統中,網絡設備都被抽象爲struct net_device結構體。它是網絡設備硬件與上層協議之間聯繫的接口,瞭解它對編寫網絡驅動程序很是有益,因此本文將着手簡要介紹linux-2.6.38.8/include/linux/netdevice.h文件中struct net_device結構體的全部成員(沒有按照它們定義的順序)。node

    一、網絡設備相關信息linux

    (1)、設備名 api

char    name[IFNAMSIZ];  
char    *ifalias;  //用於SNMP協議  

    在Linux系統中,每一個網絡設備都有一個惟一的設備名(如eth0,字母部分表明網絡設備的類型,數字部分表明此類網絡設備的數量)。網絡

    (2)、電源管理服務質量( power managementQuality Of Service) 併發

struct pm_qos_request_list pm_qos_req;  

    用於Wi-Fi和千兆以太網,能夠幫助控制網絡的延遲和帶寬的需求,以達到在可用的前提下省電的目的。less

    (3)、硬件信息 函數

//網絡設備內存映射時在主機中的內存區域  
unsigned long   mem_end;  
unsigned long   mem_start;  
//網絡設備I/O基地址  
unsigned long   base_addr;  
//中斷號  
unsigned int    irq;  
//傳輸介質,如雙絞線、同軸電纜等,在多端口設備中指定使用哪一個端口  
unsigned char   if_port;  
/* if_port可能的取值以下: 
enum { 
            IF_PORT_UNKNOWN = 0, 
        IF_PORT_10BASE2, 
        IF_PORT_10BASET, 
        IF_PORT_AUI, 
        IF_PORT_100BASET, 
        IF_PORT_100BASETX, 
        IF_PORT_100BASEFX 
}; 
 **/   
// DMA通道  
unsigned char   dma;  
//最大傳輸單元,以太網數據幀最大爲1500字節  
unsigned int    mtu;  
//網絡設備硬件類型,如10Mbps以太網ARPHRD_ETHER  
unsigned short  type;  
//硬件數據幀頭的長度,以太網爲14字節  
unsigned short  hard_header_len;  
//廣播地址  
unsigned char   broadcast[MAX_ADDR_LEN];  
//硬件(如MAC)地址長度以及設備的硬件地址  
unsigned char   addr_len;  
unsigned char   *dev_addr;  
unsigned char   perm_addr[MAX_ADDR_LEN];  
unsigned char   addr_assign_type;  

    (4)、標識符 oop

int ifindex; //標識網絡設備的惟一索引號  
int iflink;  //用於虛擬網絡設備  
unsigned short  dev_id; //用於共享網絡設備  

    (5)、分配套接字緩衝區時預留空間的長度 ui

unsigned short  needed_headroom;  
unsigned short  needed_tailroom;  

    (6)、在sysfs文件系統中輸出網絡設備信息 this

struct device   dev;  
const struct attribute_group *sysfs_groups[4];  

    (7)、網絡設備相關鏈表 

//以設備名爲關鍵字的網絡設備哈希鏈表  
struct hlist_node   name_hlist;  
//網絡設備鏈表  
struct list_head    dev_list;  
//支持NAPI傳輸的網絡設備鏈表  
struct list_head    napi_list;  
//被註銷的網絡設備鏈表  
struct list_head    unreg_list;  
//網絡設備硬件地址組成的鏈表  
struct netdev_hw_addr_list  dev_addrs;   
/* n-tuple filter list attached to this device */  
struct ethtool_rx_ntuple_list ethtool_ntuple_list;  
//單播地址鏈表  
struct netdev_hw_addr_list  uc;  
//組播地址鏈表  
struct netdev_hw_addr_list  mc;  
//防止單播地址鏈表和組播地址鏈表被併發訪問的自旋鎖  
spinlock_t      addr_list_lock;  
//監聽全部組播地址  
unsigned int        allmulti;  
//延遲註冊/註銷的網絡設備鏈表  
struct list_head    todo_list;  
//以索引號爲關鍵字的網絡設備哈希鏈表  
struct hlist_node   index_hlist;  
//鏈路查看機制鏈表  
struct list_head    link_watch_list;  

    (8)、混雜模式 

//混雜模式時的單播地址個數  
int     uc_promisc;  
//混雜模式的計數器  
unsigned int    promiscuity; 

    (9)、網絡層協議特定數據 

struct vlan_group __rcu *vlgrp;     /* VLAN group */  
void            *dsa_ptr;   /* dsa specific data */  
void            *atalk_ptr; /* AppleTalk link   */  
struct in_device __rcu  *ip_ptr;    /* IPv4 specific data   */  
struct dn_dev __rcu     *dn_ptr;        /* DECnet specific data */  
struct inet6_dev __rcu  *ip6_ptr;       /* IPv6 specific data */  
void            *ec_ptr;    /* Econet specific data */  
void            *ax25_ptr;  /* AX.25 specific data */  
struct wireless_dev *ieee80211_ptr; /* IEEE 802.11 specific data, 
                       assign before registering */  

    (10)、設備硬件功能特性 

 unsigned long       features;  
    // features的可能取值以下:  
#define NETIF_F_SG      1   /* Scatter/gather IO. */  
#define NETIF_F_IP_CSUM     2   /* Can checksum TCP/UDP over IPv4. */  
#define NETIF_F_NO_CSUM     4   /* Does not require checksum. F.e. loopack. */  
#define NETIF_F_HW_CSUM     8   /* Can checksum all the packets. */  
#define NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM   16  /* Can checksum TCP/UDP over IPV6 */  
#define NETIF_F_HIGHDMA     32  /* Can DMA to high memory. */  
#define NETIF_F_FRAGLIST    64  /* Scatter/gather IO. */  
#define NETIF_F_HW_VLAN_TX  128 /* Transmit VLAN hw acceleration */  
#define NETIF_F_HW_VLAN_RX  256 /* Receive VLAN hw acceleration */  
#define NETIF_F_HW_VLAN_FILTER  512 /* Receive filtering on VLAN */  
#define NETIF_F_VLAN_CHALLENGED 1024    /* Device cannot handle VLAN packets */  
#define NETIF_F_GSO     2048    /* Enable software GSO. */  
#define NETIF_F_LLTX        4096    /* LockLess TX - deprecated. Please */  
                    /* do not use LLTX in new drivers */  
#define NETIF_F_NETNS_LOCAL 8192    /* Does not change network namespaces */  
#define NETIF_F_GRO     16384   /* Generic receive offload */  
#define NETIF_F_LRO     32768   /* large receive offload */  
#define NETIF_F_FCOE_CRC    (1 << 24) /* FCoE CRC32 */  
#define NETIF_F_SCTP_CSUM   (1 << 25) /* SCTP checksum offload */  
#define NETIF_F_FCOE_MTU    (1 << 26) /* Supports max FCoE MTU, 2158 bytes*/  
#define NETIF_F_NTUPLE      (1 << 27) /* N-tuple filters supported */  
#define NETIF_F_RXHASH      (1 << 28) /* Receive hashing offload */  
#define NETIF_F_GSO_SHIFT   16  
#define NETIF_F_GSO_MASK    0x00ff0000  
#define NETIF_F_TSO     (SKB_GSO_TCPV4 << NETIF_F_GSO_SHIFT)  
#define NETIF_F_UFO     (SKB_GSO_UDP << NETIF_F_GSO_SHIFT)  
#define NETIF_F_GSO_ROBUST  (SKB_GSO_DODGY << NETIF_F_GSO_SHIFT)  
#define NETIF_F_TSO_ECN     (SKB_GSO_TCP_ECN << NETIF_F_GSO_SHIFT)  
#define NETIF_F_TSO6        (SKB_GSO_TCPV6 << NETIF_F_GSO_SHIFT)  
#define NETIF_F_FSO     (SKB_GSO_FCOE << NETIF_F_GSO_SHIFT)  
#define NETIF_F_GSO_SOFTWARE    (NETIF_F_TSO | NETIF_F_TSO_ECN | \  
                 NETIF_F_TSO6 | NETIF_F_UFO)  
#define NETIF_F_GEN_CSUM    (NETIF_F_NO_CSUM | NETIF_F_HW_CSUM)  
#define NETIF_F_V4_CSUM     (NETIF_F_GEN_CSUM | NETIF_F_IP_CSUM)  
#define NETIF_F_V6_CSUM     (NETIF_F_GEN_CSUM | NETIF_F_IPV6_CSUM)  
#define NETIF_F_ALL_CSUM    (NETIF_F_V4_CSUM | NETIF_F_V6_CSUM)  
#define NETIF_F_ONE_FOR_ALL (NETIF_F_GSO_SOFTWARE | NETIF_F_GSO_ROBUST | \  
                 NETIF_F_SG | NETIF_F_HIGHDMA |     \  
                 NETIF_F_FRAGLIST)  

     (11)、分配net_device結構體及其私有數據時爲對齊所需的填充位數目

unsigned short  padded;   

    (12)、其餘信息 

//NETPOLL相關信息  
struct netpoll_info *npinfo;  
//網絡命名空間  
struct net      *nd_net;  
//中間層的私有數據  
union {  
    void                *ml_priv;  
    struct pcpu_lstats __percpu *lstats; /* loopback stats */  
    struct pcpu_tstats __percpu *tstats; /* tunnel stats */  
    struct pcpu_dstats __percpu *dstats; /* dummy stats */  
};  
//GARP協議相關  
struct garp_port __rcu  *garp_port;  
//虛擬局域網相關  
unsigned long vlan_features;  
//GSO最大值  
unsigned int        gso_max_size;  
//max exchange id for FCoE LRO by ddp  
unsigned int        fcoe_ddp_xid;  
//PHY實例  
struct phy_device *phydev;  

    二、網絡設備的運行狀態

    (1)、網絡設備物理上的工做狀態 

unsigned long       state;  
/* state的可能取值以下: 
enum netdev_state_t { 
    __LINK_STATE_START, 
    __LINK_STATE_PRESENT, 
    __LINK_STATE_NOCARRIER, 
    __LINK_STATE_LINKWATCH_PENDING, 
    __LINK_STATE_DORMANT, 
}; 
**/  

    (2)、網絡設備通訊模式或狀態 

//它們的可能取值定義在linux-2.6.38.8/include/linux/if.h文件中。  
unsigned int        flags;  
unsigned short      gflags;  
unsigned int            priv_flags; //相似flags,但對用戶空間不可見  

    (3)、統計信息 

struct net_device_stats stats;  
//在接收過程當中丟棄的數據包數目(在網絡驅動中不使用此項)  
atomic_long_t       rx_dropped;   

    (4)、RFC2863協議相關 

//RFC 2863操做狀態  
unsigned char       operstate;  
/* operstate的可能取值以下: 
enum { 
    IF_OPER_UNKNOWN, 
    IF_OPER_NOTPRESENT, 
    IF_OPER_DOWN, 
    IF_OPER_LOWERLAYERDOWN, 
    IF_OPER_TESTING, 
    IF_OPER_DORMANT, 
    IF_OPER_UP, 
}; 
 **/   
//映射到RFC2863兼容狀態的策略  
unsigned char       link_mode;  
/* link_mode的可能取值以下: 
enum { 
    IF_LINK_MODE_DEFAULT, 
    IF_LINK_MODE_DORMANT, 
}; 
 **/  

    (5)、傳輸超時 

//最後接收數據包的時間  
unsigned long       last_rx;  
//最近傳送數據包的時間  
unsigned long       trans_start;  
//發生傳輸超時時,設置的標誌  
int         watchdog_timeo;  
//網絡層設置的傳送數據包超時的時鐘    
struct timer_list   watchdog_timer;  

    (6)、設備註冊/註銷狀態機 

enum { NETREG_UNINITIALIZED=0,  
       NETREG_REGISTERED,   /* completed register_netdevice */  
       NETREG_UNREGISTERING,    /* called unregister_netdevice */  
       NETREG_UNREGISTERED, /* completed unregister todo */  
       NETREG_RELEASED,     /* called free_netdev */  
       NETREG_DUMMY,        /* dummy device for NAPI poll */  
} reg_state:16;  

    (7)、引用計數 

int __percpu        *pcpu_refcnt;  

    (8)、分組狀態 

struct net_device   *master;  

    (9)、RTNL初始化狀態 

enum {  
    RTNL_LINK_INITIALIZED,  
    RTNL_LINK_INITIALIZING,  
} rtnl_link_state:16;  

    三、網絡設備的操做函數 

//使用無線網絡設備擴展功能的一組操做函數  
const struct iw_handler_def *   wireless_handlers;  
//無線網絡設備處理函數所使用的數據  
struct iw_public_data * wireless_data;  
//網絡設備驅動程序須要實現的一組操做函數  
const struct net_device_ops *netdev_ops;  
//支持ethtool功能的一組操做函數  
const struct ethtool_ops *ethtool_ops;  
//數據鏈路層協議頭相關的一組操做函數  
const struct header_ops *header_ops;  
//析構函數,註銷網絡設備時被調用  
void (*destructor)(struct net_device *dev);  
//rtnetlink操做函數  
const struct rtnl_link_ops *rtnl_link_ops;  
//DCB操做函數  
const struct dcbnl_rtnl_ops *dcbnl_ops;  

    四、數據包的收發隊列

    (1)、接收隊列 

//RPS(Receive Packet Steering)特性  
struct kset     *queues_kset;  
struct netdev_rx_queue  *_rx;  
unsigned int        num_rx_queues;  
unsigned int        real_num_rx_queues;  
rx_handler_func_t __rcu *rx_handler;  
void __rcu      *rx_handler_data;  
struct netdev_queue __rcu *ingress_queue;  

    (2)、發送隊列 

struct netdev_queue *_tx ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;  
unsigned int        num_tx_queues;  
unsigned int        real_num_tx_queues;  
struct Qdisc        *qdisc;  
unsigned long       tx_queue_len;  
spinlock_t      tx_global_lock;  
//XPS(Transmit Packet Steering)特性  
struct xps_dev_maps __rcu *xps_maps;  
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