ping # 測試主機的連通性 file # 用於配置文件屬性 yum # 用於管理軟件包 cron # 配置計劃任務 copy/fetch # 複製文件到遠程主機/複製遠程主機文件到本地 command # 在遠程主機上執行命令 shell/raw # 相似於command模塊,支持管道與通配符(最經常使用) user/group # 配置用戶/用戶組 service # 用於管理服務 ping # 檢測遠程主機是否存活 setup # 遠程主機基本信息 mount # 配置掛載點 script # 腳本複製拷貝相關(最經常使用) get_url # 下載模塊
append # (yes|no, default=no) yes:增量添加group,no: 全量變動group,之設置groups指定的group組 comment # (default=no) 可選設置用戶的帳戶的描述 createhome # (yes|no,default=yes),建立用戶時或家目錄不存在時建立home目錄 expires # 用戶過時時間, force # (yes|no default=no) 強制,與state=absent結合使用時,效果等同於 userdel --force generate_ssh_key # (yes|no,default=no) 是否生成 ssh Key,不會覆蓋已有的ssh Key group # 可選。設置用戶屬組 groups # 設置用戶附加羣組,使用逗號分開多個羣組home # 可選,設置用戶家目錄 login_class # 可選,設置 bsd系統的用戶登陸class move_home # (yes|no,default=no,臨時遷移用戶家目錄到指定目錄)name # 用戶名 non_unique # Optionally when used with the -u option, this option allows to change the user ID to a non-unique password # 設置用戶密碼爲指定的密碼remove # 至關於 userdel remove shell # 設置用戶shell
skeleton # Optionally set a home skeleton directory. Requires createhome option! ssh_key_bits # 指定生成ssh key的加密位數 ssh_key_comment # 定義ssh key的註釋 ssh_key_file # 指定ssh key文件名 ssh_key_passphrase # 設置ssh key密碼 ssh_key_type # 指定ssh key 類型,默認rsa state # (default=present) present,新建用戶;absent,刪除用戶 system # (yes|no,default=no) 當建立新帳戶時,該選項爲yes,爲用戶設置系統帳戶,對已經存在的用戶無效 uid # 可選,設置用戶uid update_password # (no|always,default=always) always:只有當密碼不相同時纔會更新密碼,on_create:爲新用戶設置密碼
示例:html
//新增用戶,使用bash shell,附加組爲admins,dbagroup,家目錄 /home/dba ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba shell=/bin/bash groups=admins,dbagroup append=yes home=/home/dba state=present" //修改用戶屬組 ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba groups=dbagroup append=no" //修改用戶屬性 ansible dba -m user -a "name=dba expires=1464775222(時間戳)" // 刪除用戶 ansible dba -m user "name=dba state=abesent remove=yes" //變動用戶密碼 ansible dba -m user -a "name=tom shell=/bin/bash password="密碼 update_password=always" 這裏的password爲通過加密後的密碼,兩種方式生成加密密碼:
方法①、
yum install expect makepasswd
mkpasswd --method=SHA-512
方法②、使用python passlib、getpass庫生成密碼
pip install passlib
生成密碼(python3.x)
python -c "from passlib.hash import sha512_crypt;import getpass;print (sha512_crypt.encrypt(getpass.getpass()))"
普通加密算法
python -c "import crypt;print (crypt.crypt("redhat123","dba")"
應用層用戶管理(如MySQL用戶管理)java
//添加一個mysql用戶
ansible db -m mysql_user -a "login_host=localhost login_password="mysqlmima login_user=root name=stanly password=stanlymima priv=zabbix.*:all state=present"
模塊參數說明node
archive # 是否採用歸檔模式同步,即以源文件相同屬性同步到目標地址
checksum # 是否效驗
compress # 開啓壓縮,默認爲開啓
copy_links # 同步的時候是否複製鏈接
delete # 刪除源中沒有而目標存在的文件(即以推送方爲主)
dest= # 目標地址路徑
dest_port # 目標接受的端口,ansible配置文件中的 ansible_ssh_port 變量優先級高於該 dest_port 變量
dirs # 以非遞歸的方式傳輸目錄
existing_only # Skip creating new files on receiver.
group # Preserve group
links # Copy symlinks as symlinks.
mode # 模式,rsync 同步的方式 PUSH\PULL,默認都是推送push。若是你在使用拉取pull功能的時候,能夠參考以下來實現mode=pull 更改推送模式爲拉取模式
recursive # 是否遞歸 yes/no
rsync_opts # 使用rsync 的參數
rsync_path # 服務的路徑,指定 rsync 命令來在遠程服務器上運行。這個參考rsync命令的--rsync-path參數,--rsync-path=PATH # 指定遠程服務器上的rsync命令所在路徑信息
rsync_timeout # 指定 rsync 操做的 IP 超時時間,和rsync命令的 --timeout 參數效果同樣.
set_remote_user # put user@ for the remote paths. If you have a custom ssh config to define the remote user for
src=\‘#\‘" # 源,同步的數據源
times #
--exclude=.Git 忽略同步.git結尾的文件
因爲模塊默認啓用了archive參數,該參數默認開啓了recursive, links, perms, times, owner,group和-D參數。若是你將該參數設置爲no,那麼你將中止不少參數,好比會致使以下目的遞歸失敗,致使沒法拉取
使用synchronize模塊,系統必須安裝rsync 包,不然沒法使用這個模塊
示例:python
ansible -i /etc/ansible/web_guanwang huizhongcf -m synchronize -a 'src=/var/lib/jenkins/workspace/HuiZhong/hzcfCMS/ dest=/usr/share/nginx/html/ rsync_opts="--exclude=.git" '
解釋:
指定 /etc/ansible/web_guanwang 目錄下的hosts 文件 裏huizhongcf 組名
-m 指定模塊名
-a 命令
rsync_opts 指定參數 忽略.git 結尾的文件 mysql
ansible web -m shell -a 'command' -o ansible web -m shell -a 'uname -r ' -f 5 -o
註解: -f 5 線程數 -o 輸出linux
shell: chdir={{ tomcat_dir }}/../../ nohup rm -rf work &
清除tomcat緩存操做ios
一、將ansible主機上的壓縮包在本地解壓縮後傳到遠程主機上,這種狀況下,copy=yes. 本地解壓縮,解壓縮位置不是默認的目錄,沒找到或傳完刪了 後傳到遠程主機nginx
二、將遠程主機上的某個壓縮包解壓縮到指定路徑下。這種狀況下,須要設置copy=no 遠程主機上面的操做,不涉及ansible服務端git
用於解壓文件,模塊包含以下選項: copy:默認爲yes。若爲no,則要求目標主機上壓縮包必須存在。 creates:指定一個文件名,當該文件存在時,則解壓指令不執行 dest:遠程主機上的一個路徑,即文件解壓的路徑 grop:解壓後的目錄或文件的屬組 list_files:若是爲yes,則會列出壓縮包裏的文件,默認爲no,2.0版本新增的選項 mode:解決後文件的權限 src:若是copy爲yes,則須要指定壓縮文件的源路徑 owner:解壓後文件或目錄的屬主
示例:web
src: "{{ war_files }}" dest: "{{ tomcat_root }}" copy: yes
ansible web -m copy -a 'src=host.py dest=/root/host.py' owner=root group=root mode=644 backup=yes'
參數說明
參數名 選項 必須 參數說明 backup yes/no no 備份遠程節點上的原始文件,在拷貝以前。若是發生什麼意外,原始文件還能使用。 content yes/no no 用來替代src,用於將指定文件的內容,拷貝到遠程文件內 dest yes/no yes 用於定位遠程節點上的文件,須要絕對路徑。若是src指向的是文件夾,這個參數也必須是指向文件夾 directory_mode yes/no no 這個參數只能用於拷貝文件夾時候,這個設定後,文件夾內新建的文件會被拷貝。而老舊的不會被拷貝 follow yes/no no 當拷貝的文件夾內有link存在的時候,那麼拷貝過去的也會有link group yes/no no 指明文件屬組 mode yes/no no 指明文件的權限 owner yes/no no 指明文件的屬主 src yes/no no 文件源地址路徑
安裝:ansible web -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=latest' -f 5 -o 啓動:ansible web -m yum -a 'name=httpd state=started' -f 5 -o 驗證:ansible web -m shell -a 'netstat -ntlp| grep httpd ' -f 5
首先openssl生成密碼,而後user命令添加用戶
生成密碼 echo ansible|openssl passwd -1 -stdin 新建用戶 ansible web -m user -a 'name=username password="生成的密碼" ' -f 5 -o
ssh-keyscan xx.xx.xxx.xxx xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx >> /root/.ssh/known_hosts ##測試貌似沒經過
export ANSIBLE_HOST_KEY_CHECKING=False ##可用
cat sshkey.yml --- - hosts: Partner gather_facts: false tasks: - name: install sshkey authorized_key: user=root key="{{ lookup('file', '/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub') }}" state=present
##執行 ansible-playbook -i /etc/ansible/Partner/hosts sshkey.yml --ask-pass
ansible web -m get_url -a "http://xx.com/xx.tar.gz dest=/tmp"
lineinfile模塊針對文件特殊行,使用後端引用的正則表達式來替換,相似linux工具中的sed工具
//刪除一行 - name: 刪除一行 lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/hosts state: absent regexp: '^192\.' tags: - ... //添加一行 - name: 添加一行(在最後添加) lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/hosts line: '.....' tags: - ... //若是匹配到這一行,引用line這一行做爲替換,若是匹配不到,則引用line這同樣做爲添加 - name: Fully quoted a line lineinfile: dest: /opt/playbook/test/testfile state: present regexp: '^%wheel' line: '%wheel ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL' tags: - testfile //關於參數backrefs,backup使用。 backrefs爲no時,若是沒有匹配,則添加一行line。若是匹配了,則把匹配內容替被換爲line內容。 backrefs爲yes時,若是沒有匹配,則文件保持不變。若是匹配了,把匹配內容替被換爲line內容。 backup爲no時,沒有匹配,則添加。若是匹配了,則替換 backup爲yes時,沒有匹配,添加,若是匹配了,則替換
//示例
- name: test backrefs lineinfile: # backup: yes state: present dest: /opt/playbook/test/testfile regexp: '^#\?bar' backrefs: yes line: 'bar' tags: - test_backrefs
設定regexp匹配不到,而後匹配「insertbefore」文本:
若匹配到「insertbefore」值=1:匹配「insertbefore」值以前的行,精確匹配行「line」;若匹配行「line」到,不作任何操做;若未匹配到,則在「insertbefore」值以前增長行「line」。
若匹配到「insertbefore」值>1:則只有最後一個「insertbefore」值爲有效匹配值,其他同上。
- name: Lineinfile-iptables lineinfile: dest: /etc/sysconfig/iptables regexp: "ruler:other start" line: "{{item.line}}" insertbefore: "ruler:other end" backrefs: yes with_items: - { line: '-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports {{TOMCAT_PORT}} -j ACCEPT'}
優先匹配「regexp」,若匹配到則直接替換爲「line」,未匹配到則分紅下面的狀況
① 存在「backrefs: yes」 參數:
A匹配「insertbefore」文本或者「insertafter」文本,若都未匹配到,則不會作任何操做。
B匹配到「insertbefore」文本(匹配多個最後一個有效),會從「insertbefore」文本往前匹配「line」,若匹配不到則新增行「line」,不然不作任何操做。
C匹配到「insertafter」文本(匹配多個最後一個有效),會從「insertafter」文本日後匹配「line」,若匹配不到則新增行「line」,不然不作任何操做。
② 不存在「backrefs: yes」 參數:
A匹配「insertbefore」文本或者「insertafter」文本,若都未匹配到,則在文件末尾新增行「line」。
B匹配到「insertbefore」文本(匹配多個最後一個有效),直接在「insertbefore」文本前面新增行「line」。
C匹配到「insertafter」文本(匹配多個最後一個有效),直接在「insertafter」文本後面新增行「line」。
- name: Lineinfile-iptables lineinfile: dest: /etc/sysconfig/iptables regexp: "ruler:other start" line: "{{item.line}}" insertbefore: "ruler:other end" # insertafter: "ruler:other start" backrefs: yes with_items: - { line: '-A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports {{TOMCAT_PORT}} -j ACCEPT'}
示例
--- - hosts: test tasks: - name: 修改ssh配置 lineinfile: dest: /etc/ssh/sshd_config #要修改的配置文件 regexp: "{{ item.regexp }}" #要修改的行 line: "{{ item.line }}" #修改後的行 state: present with_items: - { regexp: "^PasswordAuthentication" , line: "PasswordAuthentication no"} - { regexp: "^#PermitRootLogin", line: "PermitRootLogin no"} notify: restart ssh handlers: - name: restart ssh service: name=sshd.service state=restarted
setup模塊主要用來顯示主機的系統信息(cpu,ip,dns等等),以key:values的形式列出,最主要的功能就是這些信息能夠被playbook的yml文件所引用,
如:查看本機的主要ip:playbook裏能夠寫成{{ ansible_ens32.ipv4.address }} (ansible_ens32爲key,ipv4 爲key的values值裏的一個key,address爲ipv4這個key的值裏的key)獲取到的值爲ip:10.10.10.11
若是想在命令行過濾: ansible 主機組 -m setup -a "filter=ansible_ens32"
10.10.10.11 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [ "172.17.0.1", "10.10.10.11", "172.18.0.1", "192.168.122.1" ], "ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [ "fe80::250:56ff:fe93:e5c6" ], "ansible_apparmor": { "status": "disabled" }, "ansible_architecture": "x86_64", "ansible_bios_date": "06/22/2012", "ansible_bios_version": "6.00", "ansible_br_715339010b9c": { "active": false, "device": "br-715339010b9c", "features": { "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "highdma": "on", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "netns_local": "on [fixed]", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off [fixed]", "rx_checksumming": "off [fixed]", "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "on", "tx_gre_segmentation": "on", "tx_gso_robust": "on", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "on", "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]", "tx_mpls_segmentation": "on", "tx_nocache_copy": "off", "tx_scatter_gather": "on", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "on", "tx_sit_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "on", "tx_vlan_offload": "on", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "udp_fragmentation_offload": "on", "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]" }, "id": "8000.0242218ae431", "interfaces": [], "ipv4": { "address": "172.18.0.1", "broadcast": "global", "netmask": "255.255.0.0", "network": "172.18.0.0" }, "macaddress": "02:42:21:8a:e4:31", "mtu": 1500, "promisc": false, "stp": false, "type": "bridge" }, "ansible_cmdline": { "BOOT_IMAGE": "/vmlinuz-3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64", "LANG": "en_US.UTF-8", "crashkernel": "auto", "quiet": true, "rd.lvm.lv": "centos/swap", "rhgb": true, "ro": true, "root": "/dev/mapper/centos-root" }, "ansible_date_time": { "date": "2018-01-18", "day": "18", "epoch": "1516240309", "hour": "09", "iso8601": "2018-01-18T01:51:49Z", "iso8601_basic": "20180118T095149945019", "iso8601_basic_short": "20180118T095149", "iso8601_micro": "2018-01-18T01:51:49.945264Z", "minute": "51", "month": "01", "second": "49", "time": "09:51:49", "tz": "CST", "tz_offset": "+0800", "weekday": "Thursday", "weekday_number": "4", "weeknumber": "03", "year": "2018" }, "ansible_default_ipv4": { "address": "10.10.10.11", "alias": "ens32", "broadcast": "10.10.10.255", "gateway": "10.10.10.1", "interface": "ens32", "macaddress": "00:50:56:93:e5:c6", "mtu": 1500, "netmask": "255.255.255.0", "network": "10.10.10.0", "type": "ether" }, "ansible_default_ipv6": {}, "ansible_devices": { "fd0": { "holders": [], "host": "", "model": null, "partitions": {}, "removable": "1", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "8", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "4.00 KB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": null }, "sda": { "holders": [], "host": "SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01)", "model": "Virtual disk", "partitions": { "sda1": { "holders": [], "sectors": "1024000", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "500.00 MB", "start": "2048", "uuid": "d8dc2423-3de9-44d6-a983-ec66e55581bf" }, "sda2": { "holders": [ "centos-root", "centos-swap", "centos-home" ], "sectors": "418404352", "sectorsize": 512, "size": "199.51 GB", "start": "1026048", "uuid": null } }, "removable": "0", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "deadline", "sectors": "419430400", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "200.00 GB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "VMware" }, "sr0": { "holders": [], "host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)", "model": "VMware IDE CDR10", "partitions": {}, "removable": "1", "rotational": "1", "sas_address": null, "sas_device_handle": null, "scheduler_mode": "cfq", "sectors": "2097151", "sectorsize": "512", "size": "1024.00 MB", "support_discard": "0", "vendor": "NECVMWar" } }, "ansible_distribution": "CentOS", "ansible_distribution_major_version": "7", "ansible_distribution_release": "Core", "ansible_distribution_version": "7.3.1611", "ansible_dns": { "nameservers": [ "219.141.136.10" ] }, "ansible_docker0": { "active": false, "device": "docker0", "features": { "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "highdma": "on", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "netns_local": "on [fixed]", "ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]", "receive_hashing": "off [fixed]", "rx_all": "off [fixed]", "rx_checksumming": "off [fixed]", "rx_fcs": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]", "rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]", "scatter_gather": "on", "tcp_segmentation_offload": "on", "tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on", "tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]", "tx_checksumming": "on", "tx_fcoe_segmentation": "on", "tx_gre_segmentation": "on", "tx_gso_robust": "on", "tx_ipip_segmentation": "on", "tx_lockless": "on [fixed]", "tx_mpls_segmentation": "on", "tx_nocache_copy": "off", "tx_scatter_gather": "on", "tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on", "tx_sctp_segmentation": "on", "tx_sit_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on", "tx_tcp_segmentation": "on", "tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "on", "tx_vlan_offload": "on", "tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]", "udp_fragmentation_offload": "on", "vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]" }, "id": "8000.024263e72f42", "interfaces": [], "ipv4": { "address": "172.17.0.1", "broadcast": "global", "netmask": "255.255.0.0", "network": "172.17.0.0" }, "macaddress": "02:42:63:e7:2f:42", "mtu": 1500, "promisc": false, "stp": false, "type": "bridge" }, "ansible_domain": "", "ansible_effective_group_id": 0, "ansible_effective_user_id": 0, "ansible_ens32": { "active": true, "device": "ens32", "features": { "busy_poll": "off [fixed]", "fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]", "generic_receive_offload": "on", "generic_segmentation_offload": "on", "highdma": "off [fixed]", "hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]", "l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]", "large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]", "loopback": "off [fixed]", "netns_local": "off [fixed]", 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