Mac下安裝LNMP(Nginx+PHP5.6)環境

安裝Homebrew

最近工做環境切換到Mac，因此以OS X Yosemite（10.10.1）爲例，記錄一下從零開始安裝Mac下LNMP環境的過程

確保系統已經安裝xcode，而後使用一行命令安裝依賴管理工具Homebrew

ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
以後就可使用

brew install FORMULA
來安裝所須要的依賴了。

brew（意爲釀酒）的命名頗有意思，所有都使用了釀酒過程當中採用的材料/器具，名詞對應如下的概念：

Formula（配方） 程序包定義，本質上是一個rb文件
Keg（桶）程序包的安裝路徑
Cellar（地窖）全部程序包（桶）的根目錄
Tap（水龍頭）程序包的源
Bottle （瓶子）編譯打包好的程序包
最終編譯安裝完畢的程序就是一桶釀造好的酒

更詳細的信息參考Homebrew的官方Cookbook

所以使用Homebrew常見的流程是：

增長一個程序源（新增一個水龍頭） brew tap homebrew/php
更新程序源 brew update
安裝程序包（按照配方釀酒） brew install git
查看配置 brew config 能夠看到程序包默認安裝在/usr/local/Cellar下 （酒桶放在地窖內）
安裝PHP5.6（FPM方式）

首先加入Homebrew官方的幾個軟件源

brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/php
PHP若是採用默認配置安裝，會編譯mod_php模塊並只運行在Apache環境下，爲了使用Nginx，這裏須要編譯php-fpm而且禁用apache，主要經過參數--without-fpm --without-apache來實現。完整的安裝指令爲

brew install php56 \
--without-snmp \
--without-apache \
--with-debug \
--with-fpm \
--with-intl \
--with-homebrew-curl \
--with-homebrew-libxslt \
--with-homebrew-openssl \
--with-imap \
--with-mysql \
--with-tidy
因爲OSX已經自帶了PHP環境，所以須要修改系統路徑，優先運行brew安裝的版本，在~/.bashrc里加入：

export PATH="/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:$PATH"
若是要安裝新的php擴展，能夠直接安裝而不用每次從新編譯php，全部的擴展能夠經過

brew search php56
看到，下面是我本身所須要的擴展，能夠支持Phalcon框架：

brew install php56-gearman php56-msgpack php56-memcache php56-memcached php56-mongo php56-phalcon php56-redis php56-xdebug
PHP-FPM的加載與啓動

安裝完畢後能夠經過如下指令啓動和中止php-fpm

php-fpm -D
killall php-fpm
同時能夠將php-fpm加入開機啓動

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/php56/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php56.plist
安裝Nginx

brew install nginx
安裝完畢後能夠經過

nginx
nginx -s quit
啓動和關閉，同時也支持重載配置文件等操做

nginx -s reload|reopen|stop|quit
nginx安裝後默認監聽8080端口，能夠訪問http://localhost:8080查看狀態。若是要想監聽80端口須要root權限，運行

sudo chown root:wheel /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
sudo chmod u+s /usr/local/Cellar/nginx/1.6.2/bin/nginx
並使用root權限啓動

sudo nginx
開機啓動

ln -sfv /usr/local/opt/nginx/*.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents
launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist
Nginx + PHP-FPM配置

Nginx通常都會運行多個域名，所以這裏參考了@fish的方法，按Ubuntu的文件夾結構來存放Nginx的配置文件

mkdir -p /usr/local/var/logs/nginx
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-available
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d
mkdir -p /usr/local/etc/nginx/ssl
編輯Nginx全局配置

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes 1;
error_log /usr/local/var/logs/nginx/error.log debug;
pid /usr/local/var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
worker_connections 256;
}

http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] '
'"$request" $status $body_bytes_sent '
'"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" '
'"$http_x_forwarded_for" $host $request_time $upstream_response_time $scheme '
'$cookie_evalogin';

access_log /usr/local/var/logs/access.log main;

sendfile on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
port_in_redirect off;

include /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}
這樣一來首先能夠把一些可複用配置獨立出來放在/usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d下，好比fastcgi的設置就能夠獨立出來

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm
內容爲

location ~ \.php$ {
try_files $uri = 404;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/fastcgi.conf;
}
而後/usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled目錄下能夠一個文件對應一個域名的配置，好比web服務器目錄是/opt/htdocs

vim /usr/local/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
root /opt/htdocs/;

location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
include /usr/local/etc/nginx/conf.d/php-fpm;
}
}
此時啓動了php-fpm而且啓動了Nginx後，就能夠經過http://localhost來運行php程序了

安裝MySQL

brew install mysql
能夠經過

mysql.server start
mysql.server stop
來啓動／中止，啓動後默認應爲空密碼，能夠經過mysqladmin設置一個密碼

mysqladmin -uroot password "mypassword"
可是在操做的時候出現了空密碼沒法登入的狀況，最終只能經過mysqld_safe來設置

sudo mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
mysql -u root
mysql> UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('mypassword') WHERE User='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
最後將MySQL加入開機啓動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/mysql/5.6.22/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Memcache

brew install memcached
啓動/中止指令

memcached -d
killall memcached
加入開機啓動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/memcached/1.4.20/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
Redis

brew install redis
Redis默認配置文件不容許以Deamon方式運行，所以須要先修改配置文件

vim /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
將daemonize修改成yes，而後載入配置文件便可實現後臺進程啓動

redis-server /usr/local/etc/redis.conf
加入開機啓動

cp /usr/local/Cellar/redis/2.8.19/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist ~/Library/LaunchAgents/
設置別名

最後能夠對全部服務的啓動中止設置別名方便操做

vim ~/.bash_profile
加入

alias nginx.start='launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.stop='launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.nginx.plist'
alias nginx.restart='nginx.stop && nginx.start'
alias php-fpm.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.php55.plist"
alias php-fpm.restart='php-fpm.stop && php-fpm.start'
alias mysql.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.mysql.plist"
alias mysql.restart='mysql.stop && mysql.start'
alias redis.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.redis.plist"
alias redis.restart='redis.stop && redis.start'
alias memcached.start="launchctl load -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.stop="launchctl unload -w ~/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.memcached.plist"
alias memcached.restart='memcached.stop && memcached.start'
安裝其餘項目支持

brew install composer node
安裝Oh My Zsh

brew install zsh-completions
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/zsh
vim ~/.zshenv
加入內容

export PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
而後

vim ~/.zshrc
加入內容

fpath=(/usr/local/share/zsh-completions $fpath)
autoload -Uz compinit
compinit -u
最後運行

rm -f ~/.zcompdump; compinit
查看正在使用的shell

dscl localhost -read Local/Default/Users/$USER UserShell
安裝Oh My Zsh

wget https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/raw/master/tools/install.sh -O - | sh