很快Node就會迎來4.0的時代,屆時將併入現有的iojs,因此先前寫過的iojs入門系列直接改名爲NodeJS入門。html
本篇開始將逐個介紹Node的各主要模塊,依循API文檔走一遍,但會給出比API文檔更詳盡的示例。java
全部的示例均可以在個人Github上下載到。node
API系列的開篇打算以 path 對象開始,由於以前在寫一些gulp插件,發現path的使用頻率實在過高了,掌握之有助於咱們處理好一些文件或文件夾的路徑。git
path.normalize(p)github
標準化路徑字符串,處理冗餘的「..」、「.」、「/」字符:gulp
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.normalize('a/b/c/../user/vajoy/bin'); var url2 = path.normalize('a/b/c///../user/vajoy/bin/'); var url3 = path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/vajoy/bin'); var url4 = path.normalize('a/b/c/.././///../user/vajoy/bin/..'); var url5 = path.normalize('a/b/c/../../user/vajoy/bin/../../'); var url6 = path.normalize('a/../../user/vajoy/bin/../../'); var url7 = path.normalize('a/../../user/vajoy/bin/../../../../'); var url8 = path.normalize('./a/.././user/vajoy/bin/./'); console.log('url1:',url1); // a\b\user\vajoy\bin console.log('url2:',url2); // a\b\user\vajoy\bin\ console.log('url3:',url3); // a\user\vajoy\bin console.log('url4:',url4); // a\user\vajoy console.log('url5:',url5); // a\user\ console.log('url6:',url6); // ..\user\ console.log('url7:',url7); // ..\..\ console.log('url8:',url8); // user\vajoy\bin\
path.join([path1], [path2], [...])ui
將多個路徑結合在一塊兒,並轉換爲標準化的路徑:url
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.join('////./a', 'b////c', 'user/', 'vajoy', '..'); var url2 = path.join('a', '../../', 'user/', 'vajoy', '..'); var url3 = path.join('a', '../../', {}, 'vajoy', '..'); console.log('url1:',url1); // \a\b\c\user console.log('url2:',url2); // ..\user console.log('url3:',url3); // 存在非路徑字符串,故拋出異常
path.resolve([from ...], to)spa
從源地址 from 到目的地址 to 的絕對路徑。插件
能夠理解爲 cd XXX 的形式,如在D盤上執行 path.resolve('a', 'D:/b', '../c', 'v.txt'),獲得的絕對路徑「D:/v.txt」,至關於執行以下指令後所處的路徑:
cd a
D:
cd b //同上一行對應 'D:/b'
cd ../c
cd v.txt
要注意的是,若是某個 from 或 to 參數是絕對路徑(好比 'E:/abc',或是以「/」開頭的路徑),則將忽略以前的 from 參數。
示例:
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.resolve('.', 'testFiles/..', 'trdLayer'); var url2 = path.resolve('..', 'testFiles', 'a.txt'); var url3 = path.resolve('D:/vajoy', 'abc', 'D:/a'); var url4 = path.resolve('abc', 'vajoy', 'ok.gif'); var url5 = path.resolve('abc', '/vajoy', '..', 'a/../subfile'); //'abc'參數將被忽略,源路徑改從'E:/vajoy'開始 console.log('url1:',url1); // E:\github\nodeAPI\path\trdLayer console.log('url2:',url2); // E:\github\nodeAPI\testFiles\a.txt console.log('url3:',url3); // D:\a console.log('url4:',url4); // E:\github\nodeAPI\path\abc\vajoy\ok.gif console.log('url5:',url5); // E:\subfile
path.isAbsolute(path)
判斷 path 是否絕對路徑。這塊能夠理解爲,path 是否真的是一個絕對路徑(好比 'E:/abc'),或者是以「/」開頭的路徑,兩者都會返回true:
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.isAbsolute('../testFiles/secLayer'); var url2 = path.isAbsolute('./join.js'); var url3 = path.isAbsolute('temp'); var url4 = path.isAbsolute('/temp/../..'); var url5 = path.isAbsolute('E:/github/nodeAPI/abc/efg'); var url6 = path.isAbsolute('///temp123'); console.log('url1:',url1); // false console.log('url2:',url2); // false console.log('url3:',url3); // false console.log('url4:',url4); // true console.log('url5:',url5); // true console.log('url6:',url6); // true
path.relative(from, to)
獲取從 from 到 to 的相對路徑,能夠看做 path.resolve 的相反實現:
path.resolve(from, path.relative(from, to)) == path.resolve(to)
示例:
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.relative('C:\\vajoy\\test\\aaa', 'C:\\vajoy\\impl\\bbb'); var url2 = path.relative('C:/vajoy/test/aaa', 'C:/vajoy/bbb'); var url3 = path.relative('C:/vajoy/test/aaa', 'D:/vajoy/bbb'); console.log('url1:',url1); //..\..\impl\bbb console.log('url2:',url2); //url2: ..\..\bbb console.log('url3:',url3); //D:\vajoy\bbb
path.dirname(p)
返回路徑中文件夾的路徑:
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt'); var url2 = path.dirname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/'); var url3 = path.dirname('C:/vajoy/test/aaa'); console.log('url1:',url1); // /foo/bar/baz/asdf console.log('url2:',url2); // /foo/bar/baz console.log('url3:',url3); // C:/vajoy/test
path.basename(p, [ext])
返回路徑中的最後一部分,相似於Unix 的 basename 命令。 ext 爲須要截掉的尾綴內容:
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt'); var url2 = path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt','.txt'); var url3 = path.basename('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/'); var url4 = path.basename('C:/vajoy/test/aaa'); console.log('url1:',url1); // a.txt console.log('url2:',url2); // a console.log('url3:',url3); // asdf console.log('url4:',url4); // aaa
path.extname(p)
返回路徑文件中的擴展名(若存在):
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt'); var url2 = path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.txt.html'); var url3 = path.extname('/foo/bar/baz/asdf/a.'); var url4 = path.extname('C:/vajoy/test/.'); var url5 = path.extname('C:/vajoy/test/a'); console.log('url1:',url1); // .txt console.log('url2:',url2); // .html console.log('url3:',url3); // . console.log('url4:',url4); // console.log('url5:',url5); //
path.sep
返回對應平臺下的文件夾分隔符,win下爲'\',*nix下爲'/':
var path = require('path'); var url1 = path.sep; var url2 = 'foo\\bar\\baz'.split(path.sep); var url3 = 'foo/bar/baz'.split(path.sep); console.log('url1:',url1); // win下爲\,*nix下爲/ console.log('url2:',url2); // [ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ] console.log('url3:',url3); // win下返回[ 'foo/bar/baz' ],但在*nix系統下會返回[ 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' ]
path.delimiter
返回對應平臺下的路徑分隔符,win下爲';',*nix下爲':':
var path = require('path'); var env = process.env.PATH; //當前系統的環境變量PATH var url1 = env.split(path.delimiter); console.log(path.delimiter); //win下爲「;」,*nix下爲「:」 console.log('env:',env); // C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\; console.log('url1:',url1); // ['C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath','C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\']
path的API較少,咱們就介紹到這裏,共勉~