原文連接:http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-22548820-id-3181798.htmlhtml
fork是最普通的, 就是直接在腳本里面用/directory/script.sh來調用script.sh這個腳本。運行的時候開一個sub-shell執行調用的腳本,sub-shell執行的時候, parent-shell還在。shell
sub-shell執行完畢後返回parent-shell. sub-shell從parent-shell繼承環境變量.可是sub-shell中的環境變量不會帶回parent-shellbash
exec與fork不一樣,不須要新開一個sub-shell來執行被調用的腳本. 被調用的腳本與父腳本在同一個shell內執行。可是使用exec調用一個新腳本之後, 父腳本中exec行以後的內容就不會再執行了。這是exec和source的區別ui
與fork的區別是不新開一個sub-shell來執行被調用的腳本,而是在同一個shell中執行. 因此被調用的腳本中聲明的變量和環境變量, 均可以在主腳本中獲得和使用.spa
能夠經過下面這兩個腳原本體會三種調用方式的不一樣:.net
1.shunix
1 #!/bin/bash 2 A=B 3 echo "PID for 1.sh before exec/source/fork:$$" 4 export A 5 echo "1.sh: \$A is $A" 6 case $1 in 7 exec) 8 echo "using exec…" 9 exec ./2.sh ; 10 source) 11 echo "using source…" 12 . ./2.sh ; 13 *) 14 echo "using fork by default…" 15 ./2.sh ; 16 esac 17 echo "PID for 1.sh after exec/source/fork:$$" 18 echo "1.sh: \$A is $A"
2.shcode
1 #!/bin/bash 2 echo "PID for 2.sh: $$" 3 echo "2.sh get \$A=$A from 1.sh" 4 A=C 5 export A 6 echo "2.sh: \$A is $A"
執行狀況:htm
$ ./1.sh PID for 1.sh before exec/source/fork:5845364 1.sh: $A is B using fork by default… PID for 2.sh: 5242940 2.sh get $A=B from 1.sh 2.sh: $A is C PID for 1.sh after exec/source/fork:5845364 1.sh: $A is B $ ./1.sh exec PID for 1.sh before exec/source/fork:5562668 1.sh: $A is B using exec… PID for 2.sh: 5562668 2.sh get $A=B from 1.sh 2.sh: $A is C $ ./1.sh source PID for 1.sh before exec/source/fork:5156894 1.sh: $A is B using source… PID for 2.sh: 5156894 2.sh get $A=B from 1.sh 2.sh: $A is C PID for 1.sh after exec/source/fork:5156894 1.sh: $A is C $