【Python之路】特別篇--Django生產環境部署

 

Django的部署能夠有不少方式,採用nginx+uwsgi的方式是其中比較常見的一種方式。html

uWSGI

uWSGI是一個Web服務器,它實現了WSGI協議、uwsgi、http等協議。Nginx中HttpUwsgiModule的做用是與uWSGI服務器進行交換。python

要注意 WSGI / uwsgi / uWSGI 這三個概念的區分。nginx

  1. WSGI是一種Web服務器網關接口。它是一個Web服務器(如nginx,uWSGI等服務器)與web應用(如用Flask框架寫的程序)通訊的一種規範。web

  2. uwsgi是一種線路協議而不是通訊協議,在此經常使用於在uWSGI服務器與其餘網絡服務器的數據通訊。apache

  3. 而uWSGI是實現了uwsgi和WSGI兩種協議的Web服務器。django

  4. uwsgi協議是一個uWSGI服務器自有的協議,它用於定義傳輸信息的類型(type of information),每個uwsgi packet前4byte爲傳輸信息類型描述,它與WSGI相比是兩樣東西。服務器

uwsgi性能很是高網絡

uWSGI的主要特色以下app

  1. 超快的性能框架

  2. 低內存佔用(實測爲apache2的mod_wsgi的一半左右)

  3. 多app管理(終於不用左思右想下個app用哪一個端口比較好了-.-)

  4. 詳盡的日誌功能(能夠用來分析app性能和瓶頸)

  5. 高度可定製(內存大小限制,服務必定次數後重啓等)

Uwsgi 安裝使用

pip install uwsgi pip install https://projects.unbit.it/downloads/uwsgi-lts.tar.gz

基本測試

Create a file called test.py

# test.py def application(env, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) return [b"Hello World"] # python3 #return ["Hello World"] # python2

運行

uwsgi --http :8000 --wsgi-file test.py

用uwsgi 啓動django

uwsgi --http :8000 --module Mysite.wsgi

編寫uwsgi配置文件

[uwsgi] http = :9000 #the local unix socket file than commnuincate to Nginx socket = 127.0.0.1:8001 # the base directory (full path) chdir = /home/user/Mysite # Django's wsgi file
wsgi-file = Mysite/wsgi.py # maximum number of worker processes processes = 4 #thread numbers startched in each worker process threads = 2 #monitor uwsgi status stats = 127.0.0.1:9191 # clear environment on exit vacuum = true

啓動

/usr/local/bin/uwsgi Mysite_uwsgi.ini

Nginx安裝使用  

sudo apt-get install nginx sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start    # start nginx

爲你的項目生成Nginx配置文件

1.先去nginx 目錄下copy一個uwsgi_params 到你項目的目錄下  源文件( /etc/nginx/uwsgi_params )

2.建立一個 mysite_nginx.conf  配置文件

# mysite_nginx.conf # the upstream component nginx needs to connect to upstream django { # server unix:///path/to/your/mysite/mysite.sock; # for a file socket
    server 127.0.0.1:8001; # for a web port socket (we'll use this first)
} # configuration of the server server { # the port your site will be served on listen 8000; # the domain name it will serve for server_name .example.com; # substitute your machine's IP address or FQDN
    charset     utf-8; # max upload size client_max_body_size 75M; # adjust to taste # Django media location /media { alias /path/to/your/mysite/media;  # your Django project's media files - amend as required
 } location /static { alias /path/to/your/mysite/static; # your Django project's static files - amend as required
 } # Finally, send all non-media requests to the Django server. location / { uwsgi_pass django; include /path/to/your/mysite/uwsgi_params; # the uwsgi_params file you installed } }

經過軟鏈接形式把配置文件鏈接到nginx的目錄裏(或者直接cp過去)

sudo ln -s ~/path/to/your/mysite/mysite_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

3.setting.py 中配置全部靜態文件的路徑

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, "all_static_files/")

4.集合全部靜態文件

python manage.py collectstatic

5.在 mysite_nginx.conf 中修改  location /static 路勁

6.重啓服務

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