zuul開發實戰(限流,超時解決)

什麼是網關
  API Gateway,是系統的惟一對外的入口,介於客戶端和服務器端之間的中間層,處理非業務功能 提供路由請求、鑑權、監控、緩存、限流等功能
  統一接入
    * 智能路由
    * AB測試、灰度測試
    * 負載均衡、容災處理
    * 日誌埋點(相似Nignx日誌)
  流量監控
    * 限流處理
    * 服務降級
  安全防禦
    * 鑑權處理
    * 監控
    * 機器網絡隔離
主流的網關
  zuul:是Netflix開源的微服務網關,和Eureka,Ribbon,Hystrix等組件配合使用,Zuul 2.0比1.0的性能提升不少
  kong: 由Mashape公司開源的,基於Nginx的API gateway
  nginx+lua:是一個高性能的HTTP和反向代理服務器,lua是腳本語言,讓Nginx執行Lua腳本,而且高併發、非阻塞的處理各類請求java

1. zuul路由案例:
  1. 導入依賴nginx

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>Finchley.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <!-- eureka client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- zuul網關 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
View Code

  2. 註冊到eurekaspring

server:
  port: 9000

#服務的名稱
spring:
  application:
    name: api_gatway

#指定註冊中心地址ַ
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/

  3. 主函數開啓zuul註解,而且啓動apache

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableZuulProxy// 開啓網關代理
public class ApiGatwayApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ApiGatwayApplication.class, args);
    }
}

測試:能夠看到服務都已經註冊到eureka上了,咱們不用配置任何路由規則就能夠直接經過註冊的服務名稱來路由api

2. 自定義路由規則:緩存

#自定義路由映射(配置文件加入這段配置就行了)
zuul:
  routes:
    order-service: /apigateway/order/**  #配置後就不能經過serverName訪問了。
    product-service: /apigateway/product/**
  #忽略知足條件的服務(即:忽略全部-service結尾的服務)
  ignored-patterns: /*-service/**
  #解決http請求頭爲空的問題 (值爲空就行了)
  sensitive-headers:

 

 3. 自定義過濾器url校驗 / 限流:安全

import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
/**
 * 攔截指定url, 進行參數校驗
 */
@Component
public class UrlFilter extends ZuulFilter {

//    private String pre_filterType = PRE_TYPE;    // 前置過濾器(url以前執行)
//    private String post_filterType = POST_TYPE;  // 後置過濾器
//    private String error_filterType = ERROR_TYPE;// 異常過濾器
    /**
     * 過濾器類型
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return PRE_TYPE;
    }
    /**
     * 過濾器順序(多個過濾器時, 越小的越先執行)
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {

        return 3;
    }


    /**
     * 過濾器是否生效
     *  爲false時就不會走run()裏面的業務邏輯
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest  request = requestContext.getRequest();

        // System.out.println(request.getRequestURI());
        // System.out.println(request.getRequestURL());

        if ("/apigateway/order/api/v1/order/find".equalsIgnoreCase(request.getRequestURI())){
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 業務邏輯
     * @return
     * @throws ZuulException
     */
    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        System.out.println("攔截邏輯");
        RequestContext requestContext =  RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        HttpServletRequest  request = requestContext.getRequest();

        //token對象
        String id = request.getHeader("id");

        if(StringUtils.isBlank((id))){
            id  = request.getParameter("id");
        }

        //若是id參數爲null就程序中止,  同時返回  HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED  狀態碼
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(id)) {
            requestContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            requestContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED.value());
        }
        return null;
    }
}
import com.netflix.zuul.ZuulFilter;
import com.netflix.zuul.context.RequestContext;
import com.netflix.zuul.exception.ZuulException;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import static org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.filters.support.FilterConstants.PRE_TYPE;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import com.google.common.util.concurrent.RateLimiter;
/**
 * 網關限流
 */
@Component
public class RequestFilter extends ZuulFilter {


    //每秒產生1000個令牌
    private static final RateLimiter RATE_LIMITER = RateLimiter.create(1000);

    @Override
    public String filterType() {
        return PRE_TYPE;
    }

    @Override
    public int filterOrder() {
        return -4;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean shouldFilter() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public Object run() throws ZuulException {
        RequestContext requestContext = RequestContext.getCurrentContext();
        System.out.println("獲取令牌");
        boolean tryAcquire = RATE_LIMITER.tryAcquire();
        // 若是獲取不到就直接中止
        if(!tryAcquire){
            requestContext.setSendZuulResponse(false);
            requestContext.setResponseStatusCode(HttpStatus.TOO_MANY_REQUESTS.value());
        }
        return null;
    }
}

解決zuul超時問題,  完整配置文件  (設置ribbon  hystrix  zuul 超時時間,最好超時時間值比被代理的服務要大。ps: 不須要添加其餘依賴包,就一個zuul依賴就行了)服務器

server:
  port: 9000

spring:
  application:
    name: api_gatway

# eureka註冊地址
eureka:
  client:
    serviceUrl:
      defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/


ribbon:
  ReadTimeout: 7000 #超時時間
  ConnectTimeout: 2000 #鏈接時間
  MaxAutoRetries: 1 #同一臺實例最大重試次數,不包括首次調用
  MaxAutoRetriesNextServer: 1 #重試負載均衡其餘的實例最大重試次數,不包括首次調用
  OkToRetryOnAllOperations: false  #是否全部操做都重試
  
#解決hystrix+feign超時設置
feign:
  hystrix: #開啓feign支持hystrix (注意:必定要開啓,舊版本默認支持,新版本默認關閉)
    enabled: true

hystrix:
  command:
    default:
      execution:
        isolation:
          thread:
            timeoutInMilliseconds: 7000


# ========================================================
#  不配置路由規則,默承認以用服務註冊名稱來路由
#  商品服務:http://localhost:9000/product-service/api/v1/product/list
#  訂單服務:http://localhost:9000/order-service/api/v1/order/find?id=3

#  自定義路由規則
zuul:
  routes:
    order-service: /apigateway/order/**
    product-service: /apigateway/product/**
  # 禁止對product-service服務路由  (支持多個,逗號隔開就行了)
  #ignored-services: product-service
  # 禁止對全部-service結尾的服務路由
  ignored-patterns: /*-service/**
  # 解決http請求頭爲空的問題 (值爲空就行了)
  sensitive-headers:
  #ignored-headers: accept-language  路由時,不向第三方傳遞請求頭
  #sensitive-headers: cookie         路由時,不向第三方傳遞cookie
  host:
    socket-timeout-millis: 7000
    connect-timeout-millis: 7000

 # 通過上面的自定義路由以後
 # 訪問product-service   http://localhost:9000/apigateway/product/api/v1/product/list
 # 訪問order-service     http://localhost:9000/apigateway/order/api/v1/order/find?id=3
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