Looper Handler MessageQueue Message 探究

Android消息處理的大體的原理以下:html

  1.有一個消息隊列,能夠往隊列中添加消息java

  2.有一個消息循環,能夠從消息隊列中取出消息async

 

Android系統中這些工做主要由Looper和Handler兩個類來實現:ide

  Looper類: 有一個消息隊列,封裝消息循環函數

  Handler類: 消息的投遞、消息的處理oop

Looper類:ui

  Looper的使用需先調用 Looper.prepare(),而後調用Looper.loop()開啓消息循環。this

 1     public static void prepare() {
 2         prepare(true);
 3     }
 4 
 5     private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
 6         if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
 7             throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
 8         }
 9         sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
10     }

    static final ThreadLocal<Looper> sThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Looper>();

  prepare會在調用線程的局部變量中設置一個Looper對象;spa

  ThreadLocal是java中線程局部變量類,有兩個關鍵函數:線程

      set: 設置調用線程的局部變量

      get: 獲取調用線程的局部變量

  Looper的構造函數:  

1     private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
2         mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
3         mThread = Thread.currentThread();
4     }

  建立了一個消息隊列,用於存放消息。

  Looper.loop(), myLooper()經過ThreadLocal對象獲取了prepare時建立的Looper對象。loop裏面是一個循環,循環從MessageQueue中取消息,而後經過Handler去處理。

  (msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); target是一個Handler對象,後面會提到)

 1     public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
 2         return sThreadLocal.get();
 3     }
 4 
 5     public static void loop() {
 6         final Looper me = myLooper();
 7         if (me == null) {
 8             throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
 9         }
10         final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
11 
12         // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
13         // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
14         Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
15         final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
16 
17         for (;;) {
18             Message msg = queue.next(); // might block   可能會阻塞
19             if (msg == null) {
20                 // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
21                 return;
22             }
23 
24             // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
25             Printer logging = me.mLogging;
26             if (logging != null) {
27                 logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
28                         msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
29             }
30 
31             msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
32 
33             if (logging != null) {
34                 logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
35             }
36 
37             // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
38             // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
39             final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
40             if (ident != newIdent) {
41                 Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
42                         + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
43                         + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
44                         + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
45                         + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
46             }
47 
48             msg.recycleUnchecked();
49         }
50     }

  Looper的做用:

  • 封裝一個消息隊列

  • prepare()方法把Looper對象和調用的線程綁定起來

  • 經過loop()方法處理消息隊列中的消息    

Hander類:

  Handler有多個構造函數,經常使用的就下面幾個:     

 1     public Handler() {
 2         this(null, false);
 3     }
 4 
 5     public Handler(Looper looper) {
 6         this(looper, null, false);
 7     }
 8 
 9     public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
10         mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
11         if (mLooper == null) {
12             throw new RuntimeException(
13                 "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
14         }
15         mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
16         mCallback = callback;
17         mAsynchronous = async;
18     }
19 
20     public Handler(Looper looper, Callback callback, boolean async) {
21         mLooper = looper;
22         mQueue = looper.mQueue;
23         mCallback = callback;
24         mAsynchronous = async;
25     }

  無參構造函數,經過Looper.myLooper()獲取調用線程的Looper對象; Handler提供了一個Callback的接口,參數裏面的Callback在處理消息的時候會用到,若是設置了全局Callback,消息會經過這個Callback處理,若是未設置,則需重重載handlerMessage()方法來處理消息。

1     public interface Callback {
2         public boolean handleMessage(Message msg);
3     }

 

  (1) Handler和Message ----> Handler把Message插入Looper的消息隊列。

    Handler有一系列的處理消息的函數,好比:     

 1     public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
 2     {
 3         return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
 4     }
 5 
 6     public final boolean sendEmptyMessage(int what)
 7     {
 8         return sendEmptyMessageDelayed(what, 0);
 9     }
10 
11     public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
12         Message msg = Message.obtain();
13         msg.what = what;
14         return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
15     }
16 
17     public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
18     {
19         if (delayMillis < 0) {
20             delayMillis = 0;
21         }
22         return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
23     }
24 
25     public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
26         MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
27         if (queue == null) {
28             RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
29                     this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
30             Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
31             return false;
32         }
33         return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
34     }
35 
36     public final boolean sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue(Message msg) {
37         MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
38         if (queue == null) {
39             RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
40                 this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
41             Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
42             return false;
43         }
44         return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, 0);
45     }

   這些都是將消息插入到Looper的消息隊列,sendMessageAtFrontOfQueue()是將消息插入到消息隊列的隊列頭,因此優先級很高。全部方法最後都是經過enqueueMessage()方法插入消息。

1     private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
2         msg.target = this;
3         if (mAsynchronous) {
4             msg.setAsynchronous(true);
5         }
6         return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
7     } 

    msg.target = this,前面有提到,target是Handler對象,消息的處理最後都需經過這個。

  (2)Handler的消息處理

    上面的Looper.loop()方法中,不斷從消息隊列中提取消息,而後經過Handler的dispatchMessage()方法處理消息。

 1     public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
 2         if (msg.callback != null) {
 3             handleCallback(msg);
 4         } else {
 5             if (mCallback != null) {
 6                 if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
 7                     return;
 8                 }
 9             }
10             handleMessage(msg);
11         }
12     }

      若是Message設置了callback,則經過這個callback處理,若是Message沒設置callback則先經過全局callback來處理,若是都沒設置,則經過handlerMessage()方法來處理。

 

  簡單總結一下:

    Looper中有一個MessageQueue,裏面存儲一個個待處理的Message。

    Message中有一個Handler,這個Handler處理Message。

 

    轉載還望註明出處:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaojianli/p/5642380.html

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