導入導出 Oracle 分區表數據

時間 2019-11-06

標籤導入導出 oracle 分區數據欄目 Oracle 简体版

原文原文鏈接

--****************************node

-- 導入導出 Oracle 分區表數據sql

--****************************數據庫

導入導入Oracle 分區表數據是Oracle DBA 常常完成的任務之一。分區表的導入導出一樣普通表的導入導出方式，只不過導入導出須要考session

慮到分區的特殊性，如分區索引，將分區遷移到普通表，或使用原始分區表導入到新的分區表。下面將描述使用imp/exp，impdp/expdp導入導出oracle

分區表數據。app

有關分區表的特性請參考： less

Oracle 分區表dom

SQL server 2005 切換分區表工具

SQL server 2005 基於已存在的表建立分區ui

有關導入導出工具請參考：

數據泵EXPDP 導出工具的使用

數據泵IMPDP 導入工具的使用

有關導入導出的官方文檔請參考：

Original Export and Import

1、分區級別的導入導出

能夠導出一個或多個分區，也能夠導出全部分區(即整個表)。

能夠導入全部分區(即整個表)，一個或多個分區以及子分區。

對於已經存在數據的表，使用imp導入時須要使用參數IGNORE=y，而使用impdp，加table_exists_action=append | replace 參數。

2、建立演示環境

1.查看當前數據庫的版本

SQL> select * from v$version where rownum < 2;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

2.建立一個分區表

SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='yyyy-mm-dd';

SQL> CREATE TABLE tb_pt (

sal_date DATE NOT NULL,

sal_id NUMBER NOT NULL,

sal_row NUMBER(12) NOT NULL)

partition by range(sal_date)

(

partition sal_11 values less than(to_date('2012-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_12 values less than(to_date('2013-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_13 values less than(to_date('2014-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_14 values less than(to_date('2015-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_15 values less than(to_date('2016-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_16 values less than(to_date('2017-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD')) ,

partition sal_other values less than (maxvalue)

) nologging;

3.建立一個惟一索引

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX tb_pt_ind1

ON tb_pt(sal_date) nologging;

4.爲分區表生成數據

SQL> INSERT INTO tb_pt

SELECT TRUNC(SYSDATE)+ROWNUM, dbms_random.random, ROWNUM

FROM dual

CONNECT BY LEVEL<=5000;

SQL> commit;

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_11);

COUNT(1)

----------

300

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_other);

COUNT(1)

----------

2873

SQL> select * from tb_pt partition(sal_12) where rownum < 3;

SAL_DATE SAL_ID SAL_ROW

--------- ---------- ----------

01-JAN-12 -1.356E+09 301

02-JAN-12 -761530183 302

3、使用exp/imp導出導入分區表數據

1.導出整個分區表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.log' tables=tb_pt

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:18 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table TB_PT

. . exporting partition SAL_11 300 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_12 366 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_13 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_14 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_15 365 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_16 366 rows exported

. . exporting partition SAL_OTHER 2873 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

Export terminated successfully with warnings.

[oracle@node1 ~]$ oerr exp 00091

00091, 00000, "Exporting questionable statistics."

// *Cause: Export was able export statistics, but the statistics may not be

// usuable. The statistics are questionable because one or more of

// the following happened during export: a row error occurred, client

// character set or NCHARSET does not match with the server, a query

// clause was specified on export, only certain partitions or

// subpartitions were exported, or a fatal error occurred while

// processing a table.

// *Action: To export non-questionable statistics, change the client character

// set or NCHARSET to match the server, export with no query clause,

// export complete tables. If desired, import parameters can be

// supplied so that only non-questionable statistics will be imported,

// and all questionable statistics will be recalculated.

在上面的導出中出現了錯誤提示，即EXP-00091，該錯誤代表exp工具所在的環境變量中的NLS_LANG與DB中的NLS_CHARACTERSET不一致

儘管該錯誤對最終的數據並沒有影響，但調整該參數來避免異常仍是有必要的。所以須要將其設置爲一致便可解決上述的錯誤提示。

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')

----------------------------------------------------

AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK

[oracle@node1 ~]$ export NLS_LANG='AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK'

通過上述設置以後再次導出正常，過程略。

2.導出單個分區

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' tables=tb_pt:sal_16

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:52:38 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export done in ZHS16GBK character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

About to export specified tables via Conventional Path ...

. . exporting table TB_PT

. . exporting partition SAL_16 366 rows exported

EXP-00091: Exporting questionable statistics.

Export terminated successfully with warnings

在上面的導出過程當中再次出現了統計信息錯誤的狀況，所以採起了對該對象收集統計信息，但並不能解決該錯誤，但在exp命令行中增

加statistics=none便可，以下：

[oracle@node1 ~]$ exp scott/tiger file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' log='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.log' /

> tables=tb_pt:sal_16 statistics=none

若是要導出多個分區，則在tables參數中增長分區數。如：tables=(tb_pt:sal_15,tb_pt:sal_16)

3.使用imp工具生成建立分區表的DDL語句

[oracle@node1 ~]$ imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt indexfile='/u02/dmp/cr_tb_pt.sql' /

> file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' ignore=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:54:38 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_11"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_12"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_13"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_14"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_15"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"

. . skipping partition "TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER"

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

4.導入單個分區(使用先前備份的單個分區導入文件)

SQL> alter table tb_pt truncate partition sal_16; --導入前先將分區實現truncate

Table truncated.

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_16);

COUNT(1)

----------

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:55:39 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16"

IMP-00058: ORACLE error 1502 encountered

ORA-01502: index 'SCOTT.TB_PT_IND1' or partition of such index is in unusable state

Import terminated successfully with warnings.

收到了ORA-01502錯誤，下面查看索引的狀態，並對其重建索引後再執行導入

SQL> select index_name ,status from dba_indexes where table_name='TB_PT'; --查看索引的狀態

INDEX_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ --------

TB_PT_IND1 UNUSABLE

SQL> alter index TB_PT_IND1 rebuild online; --重建索引

Index altered.

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt:sal_16 file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt_sal_16.dmp' ignore=y --再次導入成功

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:56:15 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16" 366 rows imported

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

SQL> select count(*) from tb_pt partition(sal_16);

COUNT(*)

----------

366

5.導入整個表

SQL> truncate table tb_pt; --首先truncate 整個表

Table truncated.

SQL> ho imp scott/tiger tables=tb_pt file='/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp' ignore=y indexes=y

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 13:57:10 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing o

Export file created by EXPORT:V11.02.00 via conventional path

import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set

import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)

. importing SCOTT's objects into SCOTT

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_11" 298 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_12" 366 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_13" 365 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_14" 365 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_15" 365 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_16" 366 rows imported

. . importing partition "TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 2875 rows imported

Import terminated successfully without warnings.

SQL> select count(1) from tb_pt partition(sal_other);

COUNT(1)

----------

2875

4、使用expdp/impdb來實現分區表的導入導出

1.查看導入導出的目錄設置

SQL> select directory_name,directory_path from dba_directories where directory_name='DMP';

DIRECTORY_NAME DIRECTORY_PATH

------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------

DMP /u02/dmp

2.爲分區表建立一個本地索引

create index tb_pt_local_idx

on tb_pt(sal_id)

local

(partition local1,

partition local2,

partition local3,

partition local4,

partition local5,

partition local6,

partition local7)

;

3.導出整個表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=tb_pt parallel=3

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:04:28 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pb.log tables=

tb_pt parallel=3

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 512 KB

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.63 KB 2875 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_11" 12.54 KB 298 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_12" 14.22 KB 366 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_13" 14.18 KB 365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_14" 14.18 KB 365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_15" 14.19 KB 365 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16" 14.23 KB 366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u02/dmp/tb_pt.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:04:51

4.導出多個分區

[oracle@node1 ~]$ expdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt.log /

> tables=(tb_pt:sal_16,tb_pt:sal_other) parallel=2

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:08:06 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt.log

tables=(tb_pt:sal_16,tb_pt:sal_other) parallel=2 --*/

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 192 KB

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.63 KB 2875 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16" 14.23 KB 366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01 is:

/u02/dmp/tb_pts.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:08:17

5.截斷分區sal_other

SQL> alter table tb_pt truncate partition(sal_other);

Table truncated.

SQL> select count(*) from tb_pt partition(sal_other);

COUNT(*)

----------

SQL> select index_name,status,partitioned from dba_indexes where table_name='TB_PT'; --查看索引的狀態, TB_PT_IND1不可用

INDEX_NAME STATUS PAR

------------------------------ -------- ---

TB_PT_IND1 UNUSABLE NO

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX N/A YES

SQL> select index_name ,partition_name, status from dba_ind_partitions where index_owner='SCOTT';

INDEX_NAME PARTITION_NAME STATUS

------------------------------ ------------------------------ --------

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL1 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL2 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL3 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL4 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL5 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL6 USABLE

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX LOCAL7 USABLE

6.導入單個分區

[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt_imp.log /

> tables=tb_pt:sal_other skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:13:28 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pts.dmp logfile=tb_pt_imp.log

tables=tb_pt:sal_other skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace --*/

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.63 KB 2875 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:13:33

SQL> select index_name,status,partitioned from dba_indexes where table_name='TB_PT';

INDEX_NAME STATUS PAR

------------------------------ -------- ---

TB_PT_IND1 VALID NO

TB_PT_LOCAL_IDX N/A YES

從上面的導入狀況能夠看出，儘管執行了truncate partition，然而使用impdp導入工具，而且使用參數table_exists_action=replace

能夠避免使用imp導入時惟一和主鍵索引須要重建的問題。注意，若是沒有使用table_exists_action=replace參數，將會收到ORA-39151

錯誤，以下

ORA-39151: Table "SCOTT"."TB_PT" exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to

table_exists_action of skip

7.導入整個表

[oracle@node1 ~]$ impdp scott/tiger directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pt_fullimp.log /

> tables=tb_pt skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Mar 9 14:17:35 2011

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,

Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=dmp dumpfile=tb_pt.dmp logfile=tb_pt_fullimp.log

tables=tb_pt skip_unusable_indexes=y table_exists_action=replace --*/

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_OTHER" 71.63 KB 2875 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_11" 12.54 KB 298 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_12" 14.22 KB 366 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_13" 14.18 KB 365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_14" 14.18 KB 365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_15" 14.19 KB 365 rows

. . imported "SCOTT"."TB_PT":"SAL_16" 14.23 KB 366 rows

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" successfully completed at 14:17:40

5、參數skip_unusable_indexes的做用

SQL> show parameter skip

NAME TYPE VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

skip_unusable_indexes boolean TRUE

該參數容許在導入分區數據時延遲對索引的處理，即先將數據導入，導入後再來重建索引分區。

在命令行導入中未指定導入參數skip_unusable_indexes時，則對於索引相關的問題，根據數據庫初始化參數的值來肯定。

在命令行導入中若是指定了參數skip_unusable_indexes時，則該參數的值優先於數據庫初始化參數的設定值。

skip_unusable_indexes=y對unique index不起做用，由於此時的unique index扮演者constraint的做用，因此在insert數據時index必須被

更新。

對於單個分區導入時PK，unique index的處理，必須先重建索引而後進行導入。

使用impdp數據泵實現導入並使用參數table_exists_action=replace能夠解決上述問題，即ORA-01502錯誤。

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