offsetof宏:結構體成員相對結構體的偏移位置 container_of:根據結構體成員的地址來獲取結構體的地址html
原型:linux
#define offsetof(TYPE, MEMBER) ((size_t)&((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER)
(TYPE *)0
很是巧妙,告訴編譯器有一個指向結構體 TYPE 的指針,其地址是0,而後取該指針的 MEMBER 地址 &((TYPE *)0)->MEMBER
,由於基址是0,因此這時獲取到的 MEMBER 的地址就是至關於在結構體 TYPE 中的偏移量了。 Example:post
#include <stdlib.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stddef.h> struct TYPE{ int mem; int member; }; int main() { struct TYPE type; printf("&type = %p\n", &type); printf("&type.member = %p\n", &type.member); printf("&((struct type *)0)->member = %lu\n", ((size_t)&((struct TYPE *)0)->member) ); printf("offsetof(struct TYPE member) = %zd\n", offsetof(struct TYPE, member)); return 0; } /* result: &type = 0x7ffc1104a110 &type.member = 0x7ffc1104a114 &((struct type *)0)->member = 4 offsetof(struct TYPE member) = 4 */
原型:linux-4.18.5this
/** * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure * @ptr: the pointer to the member. * @type: the type of the container struct this is embedded in. * @member: the name of the member within the struct. * */ #define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \ void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr); \ BUILD_BUG_ON_MSG(!__same_type(*(ptr), ((type *)0)->member) && \ !__same_type(*(ptr), void), \ "pointer type mismatch in container_of()"); \ ((type *)(__mptr - offsetof(type, member))); })
網上所見更可能是底下這個版本:spa
#define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \ const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \ (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );})
第一部分:void *__mptr = (void *)(ptr);
或const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);
兩個的差異在於 __mptr 的類型一個是 void * ,一個是 type *。 void * 較爲容易理解,下面來看看 type *: 關於 typeof 關鍵字其做用是返回變量的類型,簡單理解就是以下,詳細可參見GCC typeof在kernel中的使用——C語言的「編譯時多態」指針
int a; typeof(a) b; //這等同於int b; typeof(&a) c; //這等同於int* c;
所以const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr);
的做用就是經過 typeof 獲取結構體成員 member 的類型,而後定義一個這個類型的指針變量 __mptr 並將其賦值爲 ptr。 第二部分:(type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) )
,經過offsetof
宏計算出 member 在 type 中的偏移,而後用 member 的實際地址__mptr
減去偏移,獲得 type 的起始地址。從上面關於offsetof
宏的 Example 也能夠驗證這一點: &type.member = 0x7ffc1104a114 - &((struct type *)0)->member = 4 = &type = 0x7ffc1104a110code