解決WIN7與虛擬機CentOS的文件夾共享問題

時間 2019-11-10

標籤解決 win7 win 虛擬機 centos 文件夾共享問題欄目 Windows 简体版

原文原文鏈接

1、系統與軟件html

WIN7 64bit、VirtualBox 5.0.1四、CentOS 6.五、SecureCRT 7.2.3python

2、使用文件夾共享須要安裝加強功能，可是安裝時沒法讀取光盤iso文件c++

3、爲了方便操做，配置靜態IP，並使用CRT鏈接上去（參考http://my.oschina.net/allman90/blog/294847?fromerr=CotpElUe）ubuntu

[root@pc ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0                               //指出設備名稱
HWADDR=08:00:27:20:01:4A                  //硬件Mac地址
TYPE=Ethernet                             //網絡類型
UUID=c1d0e14c-cd39-4817-af44-37daca90c1f9 //設備UUID編號
ONBOOT=yes                                //是否啓動應用
NM_CONTROLLED=yes                         //設備是否被NetworkManager管理
BOOTPROT=static                           //啓動類型 dhcp|static
BROADCAST=192.168.88.203                  //廣播地址
IPADDR=192.168.88.111                     //IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0                     //子網掩碼
NETWORK=192.168.88.0                      //網絡地址
GATEWAY=192.168.88.254                    //網關地址
DNS1=8.8.8.8                              //DNS
[root@pc ~]# service network restart
Shutting down interface eth0:                              [  OK  ]
Shutting down loopback interface:                          [  OK  ]
Bringing up loopback interface:                            [  OK  ]
Bringing up interface eth0:                                [  OK  ]
[root@pc ~]# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:57:73:2C  
          inet addr:192.168.88.111  Bcast:192.168.88.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe57:732c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:9520 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:5348 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 
          RX bytes:12491456 (11.9 MiB)  TX bytes:349639 (341.4 KiB)

lo        Link encap:Local Loopback  
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)
[root@pc ~]# ping www.baidu.com
PING www.baidu.com (111.13.100.92) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 111.13.100.92: icmp_seq=1 ttl=49 time=59.1 ms
64 bytes from 111.13.100.92: icmp_seq=2 ttl=49 time=65.4 ms

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4、既然沒法讀取光盤，便採用FTP上傳，配置FTP（參考http://os.51cto.com/art/201408/448630.htm）vim

[root@pc ~]# yum -y install vsftpd                                        // 安裝FTP
...
Complete!
[root@pc ~]# service vsftpd start                                         // 啓動FTP
Starting vsftpd for vsftpd:                                [  OK  ]
[root@pc ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables                                   // 防火牆開啓21端口
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
[root@pc ~]# service iptables restart                                     // 重啓防火牆
iptables: Flushing firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter          [  OK  ]
iptables: Unloading modules:                               [  OK  ]
iptables: Applying firewall rules:                         [  OK  ]
[root@pc ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep ftp                                   // 新增一個帳戶ftpuser，並設置密碼
ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
[root@pc ftp]# useradd -g ftp ftpuser
[root@pc ftp]# passwd ftpuser
Changing password for user ftpuser.

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沒法讀取目錄網絡

[root@pc ~]# getsebool -a | grep ftp                        // 開啓外網訪問
allow_ftpd_full_access --> off
ftp_home_dir --> off
[root@pc ~]# setsebool -P allow_ftpd_full_access 1
[root@pc ~]# setsebool -P ftp_home_dir 1
[root@pc ~]# vi /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf                     // 設定passive模式端口範圍
pasv_min_port=30000
pasv_max_port=30999
[root@pc ~]# service vsftpd restart                         // 重啓FTP
[root@pc ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables                     // 開啓防火牆對應範圍端口
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 30000:30999 -j ACCEPT
[root@pc ~]# service iptables restart                       // 重啓防火牆

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正常鏈接上虛擬機 app

把VirtualBox安裝目錄下的 VBoxGuestAdditions.iso 解壓，並經過FTP客戶端filezilla上傳到虛擬機tcp

[root@pc ~]# cd /home/ftpuser/
[root@pc ftpuser]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x. 6 ftpuser ftp 4096 Apr 19 22:28 VBoxGuestAdditions

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5、開始安裝加強功能ide

[root@pc ~]# cd /home/ftpuser/VBoxGuestAdditions/
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# ll
total 51296
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ftpuser ftp 4096 Apr 19 22:28 32Bit
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ftpuser ftp 4096 Apr 19 22:28 64Bit
-rw-r--r--. 1 ftpuser ftp 647 Apr 19 22:28 AUTORUN.INF
-rw-r--r--. 1 ftpuser ftp 6909 Apr 19 22:28 autorun.sh
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ftpuser ftp 4096 Apr 19 22:28 cert
drwxr-xr-x. 2 ftpuser ftp 4096 Apr 19 22:28 OS2
-rw-r--r--. 1 ftpuser ftp 5519 Apr 19 22:28 runasroot.sh
-rw-r--r--. 1 ftpuser ftp 7515597 Apr 19 22:28 VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
-rw-r--r--. 1 ftpuser ftp 17449472 Apr 19 22:28 VBoxSolarisAdditions.pkg
-rw-r--r--. 1 ftpuser ftp 16950032 Apr 19 22:28 VBoxWindowsAdditions-amd64.exe
-rw-r--r--. 1 ftpuser ftp 316016 Apr 19 22:28 VBoxWindowsAdditions.exe
-rw-r--r--. 1 ftpuser ftp 10245216 Apr 19 22:28 VBoxWindowsAdditions-x86.exe
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# chmod +x runasroot.sh
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# ./runasroot.sh
Usage: runasroot.sh DESCRIPTION COMMAND [ADVICE]

Attempt to execute COMMAND with root privileges, displaying DESCRIPTION if
possible and displaying ADVICE if possible if no su(1)-like tool is available.
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# chmod +x VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# ./VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.0.14 Guest Additions for Linux............
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
Removing existing VirtualBox non-DKMS kernel modules [ OK ]
Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules
The gcc utility was not found. If the following module compilation fails then
this could be the reason and you should try installing it.

The headers for the current running kernel were not found. If the following
module compilation fails then this could be the reason.
The missing package can be probably installed with
yum install kernel-devel-2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64

Building the main Guest Additions module [FAILED]
(Look at /var/log/vboxadd-install.log to find out what went wrong)
Doing non-kernel setup of the Guest Additions [ OK ]
Installing the Window System drivers
Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System, skipping.
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# cat /var/log/vboxadd-install.log
/tmp/vbox.0/Makefile.include.header:97: *** Error: unable to find the sources of your current Linux kernel. Specify KERN_DIR=<directory> and run Make again. Stop.
Creating user for the Guest Additions.
Creating udev rule for the Guest Additions kernel module.

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查找報錯 Building the main Guest Additions module [FAILED]（參考 http://www.xuebuyuan.com/2039380.html）oop

[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# yum -y install gcc make gcc-c++
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# yum -y install kernel
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# yum -y install kernel-devel
[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# yum -y install kernel-headers

重啓CentOS並再次執行VBoxLinuxAdditions.run，依舊報錯（參考 http://askubuntu.com/questions/22743/how-do-i-install-guest-additions-in-a-virtualbox-vm）

[root@pc VBoxGuestAdditions]# yum update
[root@pc ~]# /opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-5.0.14/uninstall.sh
[root@pc ~]# /home/ftpuser/VBoxGuestAdditions/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
[root@pc ~]# cat /var/log/vboxadd-install.log
/bin/sh: perl: command not found

此次變成報沒有 perl，因而 yum -y install perl 補齊

再次進行安裝

[root@pc ~]# /opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-5.0.14/uninstall.sh
[root@pc ~]# /home/ftpuser/VBoxGuestAdditions/VBoxLinuxAdditions.run
Verifying archive integrity... All good.
Uncompressing VirtualBox 5.0.14 Guest Additions for Linux............
VirtualBox Guest Additions installer
You appear to have a version of the VBoxGuestAdditions software
on your system which was installed from a different source or using a
different type of installer. If you installed it from a package from your
Linux distribution or if it is a default part of the system then we strongly
recommend that you cancel this installation and remove it properly before
installing this version. If this is simply an older or a damaged
installation you may safely proceed.

Do you wish to continue anyway? [yes or no]
yes
Removing existing VirtualBox non-DKMS kernel modules [ OK ]
grep: /opt/VBoxGuestAdditions-*/init/*: No such file or directory
Copying additional installer modules ...
Installing additional modules ...
Removing existing VirtualBox non-DKMS kernel modules [ OK ]
Building the VirtualBox Guest Additions kernel modules
Building the main Guest Additions module [ OK ]
Building the shared folder support module [ OK ]
Building the OpenGL support module [FAILED]
(Look at /var/log/vboxadd-install.log to find out what went wrong. The module is not built but the others are.)
Doing non-kernel setup of the Guest Additions [ OK ]
Starting the VirtualBox Guest Additions [ OK ]
Installing the Window System drivers
Could not find the X.Org or XFree86 Window System, skipping.

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終於成功了，其中 OpenGL 失敗是由於個人CentOS是精簡版沒有界面的！

6、設置共享

[root@pc ~]# ll /media/
total 4
drwxrwx---. 1 root vboxsf 4096 Mar 27 16:59 sf_win_www

----------------------------------2019-01-10----------------------------------

 1 [root@localhost ~]# df
 2 Filesystem           1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
 3 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
 4                       19035432  7226256  10835560  41% /
 5 tmpfs                   502380        0    502380   0% /dev/shm
 6 /dev/sda1               487652    57642    404410  13% /boot
 7 .host://www          165686344 81123004  84563340  49% /datas/htdocs
 8 .host://log          165686344 81123004  84563340  49% /datas/log
 9 .host://vmware       157300384 89902340  67398044  58% /datas/vmware
10 [root@localhost ~]# vmware-hgfsclient #查看共享目錄
11 www
12 vmware
13 log
14 python
15 [root@localhost ~]# mount -t vmhgfs .host:/python /datas/python #掛載
16 Error: cannot canonicalize mount point: No such file or directory
17 [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /datas/python
18 [root@localhost ~]# mount -t vmhgfs .host:/python /datas/python
19 [root@localhost ~]# df
20 Filesystem           1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
21 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
22                       19035432  7226256  10835560  41% /
23 tmpfs                   502380        0    502380   0% /dev/shm
24 /dev/sda1               487652    57642    404410  13% /boot
25 .host:/www          165686344 81123004  84563340  49% /datas/htdocs
26 .host:/log          165686344 81123004  84563340  49% /datas/log
27 .host:/vmware       157300384 89902340  67398044  58% /datas/vmware
28 .host:/python       165686344 81123004  84563340  49% /datas/python
29 [root@localhost ~]# ll /datas/python/
30 total 1
31 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 May  4  2017 1.log
32 [root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab #自動掛載
33 .host:/python          /datas/python           vmhgfs  iocharset=utf8,rw,uid=www,gid=www 0 1
34 [root@localhost ~]# init 6
35 [root@localhost ~]# df
36 Filesystem           1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
37 /dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_root
38                       19035432  7226256  10835560  41% /
39 tmpfs                   502380        0    502380   0% /dev/shm
40 /dev/sda1               487652    57642    404410  13% /boot
41 .host:/www          165686344 81123004  84563340  49% /datas/htdocs
42 .host:/log          165686344 81123004  84563340  49% /datas/log
43 .host:/vmware       157300384 89902340  67398044  58% /datas/vmware
44 .host:/python       165686344 81123004  84563340  49% /datas/python