認識並學會springCloud的使用

SpringCloud將如今一些流行的技術整合到一塊兒，實現如：配置管理，服務發現，智能路由，負載均衡，熔斷器，控制總線，集羣狀態等等功能。主要涉及的組件有

netflix

• Eureka：註冊中心

• Zuul：服務網關

• Ribbon：負載均衡

• Feign：服務調用

• Hystix：熔斷器

環境準備：一個數據庫和表tb_user

1.建立一個父工程，和子模塊consumer-demo，eureka-server，eureka-server2（兩個是eureka的高可用性練習），user-server，(user-server2是對user server的集羣練習能夠不要)zuul-Demo。

（完整代碼：https://gitee.com/mountaincold/cloudDemo）

2. 建立註冊中心 eureka-server

　　1.pom.xml 導入依賴 eureka服務端

 

　　2. 建立啓動類 eureka1

 

　　3. 設置application.yml

eureka-server2相同把端口換成10087，註冊地址換成10086就好了

2.建立服務提供者userservice

　　1. pom.xml的配置 導入依賴

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>tk.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mapper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Eureka客戶端 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

　　2. 設置application.yml配置文件

server:
  port: 8081
spring:
  datasource:
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis
    username: root
    password: 960326
  application:
    name: userservice
logging:
  level:
    com.practice:
      debug
eureka:
  client:
    service-url: #eurekaServer 地址
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #當調用getHostname獲取實例的hostname時 返回ip而不是host名稱
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1 #指定本身的ip信息 不指定的話會本身尋找
    lease-expiration-duration-in-seconds: 10 #服務失效時間 默認90秒
    lease-renewal-interval-in-seconds: 5 #服務續約時間的間隔，默認30秒
    instance-id: ${spring.application.name}:${server.port} #設置id

　　2.建立啓動類，和pojo對象類

@Table(name = "tb_user")
public class User implements Serializable {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    // 用戶名
    private String userName;

    // 密碼
    private String password;

    // 姓名
    private String name;

    // 年齡
    private Integer age;

    // 性別，1男性，2女性
    private Integer sex;

    // 出生日期
    private Date birthday;

    // 建立時間
    private Date created;

    // 更新時間
    private Date updated;

    // 備註
//    private String note;

    // 。。。省略getters和setters
    //TODO 須要手動添加getter，setter
}

　　

　　3.建立controller，service ，mapper

 

package com.practice.controller;

import com.practice.pojo.User;
import com.practice.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping("/{id}")
    public User queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id) {
        return this.userService.queryById(id);
    }
}

/**
*設置睡眠是爲了測試熔斷器
*/
package com.practice.service;

import com.practice.mapper.UserMapper;
import com.practice.pojo.User;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserService.class);
    public User queryById(Long id) {
        Long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        int time = (int)(Math.random()*2000+1);
        try {
            Thread.sleep(time);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        User user = this.userMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
        Long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
        logger.info("本次查詢：{},花費時間爲{}ms",id,endTime-startTime);
        return user;
    }
}

/**
*通用mapper的使用，能夠動態生成實現子類和查詢語言適用於單表查詢
*/

package com.practice.mapper;

import com.practice.pojo.User;
import tk.mybatis.mapper.common.Mapper;

public interface UserMapper extends Mapper<User> {
}

3建立服務消費者cosumer-demo

　　1.pom.xml配置 須要的依賴

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!-- 添加OkHttp支持 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3</groupId>
            <artifactId>okhttp</artifactId>
            <version>3.9.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Eureka客戶端 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--測試-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Hystrix依賴-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <!--Feign的依賴-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

　　2. application.xml的配置

Spring:
  application:
    name: consumer
eureka:
  client:
    service-url: #eurekaServer地址
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka,http://127.0.0.1:10087/eureka
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 #獲取更新服務列表 默認時間爲30秒

  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true #當其它服務獲取地址時提供ip而不是hostname
    ip-address: 127.0.0.1 #指定本身的ip信息 不指定的話會本身尋找
ribbon: #修改服務負載均衡的分流規則
  NFLoadBalancerRuleClassName: com.netflix.loadbalancer.RandomRule #隨機 默認爲輪詢
  ConnectTimeout: 250 # ribbon 鏈接超時時間
  ReadTimeout: 1000 #Ribbon 數據讀取超時時間
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true #開啓feign的熔斷支持默認關閉
  compression:
    request:
      enabled: true # 開啓請求壓縮
      mime-types: text/html,application/xml,application/json # 設置壓縮的數據類型
      min-request-size: 2048 # 設置觸發壓縮的大小下限
logging:
  level:
    com.consumer:
      debug

　　3. 建立啓動類 和pojo對象類

package com;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;

@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
//@EnableHystrix
@EnableFeignClients
public class Consumer {
//    @Bean
//    @LoadBalanced //開啓負載均衡
//    public RestTemplate restTemplate(){
//    // 使用OKHTTP客戶端，只需注入工廠
//       return new RestTemplate(new OkHttp3ClientHttpRequestFactory());
//    }
// 由於Feign 中自動集成 Ribbon 負載均衡 因此不須要自定義RestTemplate
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Consumer.class);

    }
}
/**
*屬性類型和user-service中相同可是不用加@table之類的註解
*/
public class User  {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private Long id;

    // 用戶名
    private String userName;

    // 密碼
    private String password;

    // 姓名
    private String name;

    // 年齡
    private Integer age;

    // 性別，1男性，2女性
    private Integer sex;

    // 出生日期
    private Date birthday;

    // 建立時間
    private Date created;

    // 更新時間
    private Date updated;


    //TODO 須要手動添加getter，setter
}

　　4. 建立 controller，service，config （dao是測試hystrix時建立的，feign中支持熔斷因此不用建立）

 

package com.consumer.controller;

import com.consumer.pojo.User;
import com.consumer.service.UserService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
@RequestMapping("consume")
public class ConsumerController {
    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @GetMapping
    public List<User> consume(@RequestParam("ids")List<Long> ids){
    return this.userService.queryUserByIds(ids);
    }
}



package com.consumer.service;

import com.consumer.config.UserFeignClient;
import com.consumer.config.impl.UserFeignClientImpl;
import com.consumer.dao.UserDao;
import com.consumer.pojo.User;
//import com.netflix.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

@Service
public class UserService {



  /**
   * 根據服務名稱，獲取服務實例
   * */

     @Autowired
     private UserFeignClient userFeignClient;
    public List<User> queryUserByIds(List<Long> ids) {
        List<User> users = new ArrayList<>();

        ids.forEach(id ->{
            users.add(userFeignClient.queryById(id));
           /* try {
                Thread.sleep(500);
線程睡眠用於測試能夠刪除
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }*/
        });
        return users;
    }
  
}


package com.consumer.config;

import com.consumer.config.impl.FeignConfig;
import com.consumer.config.impl.UserFeignClientImpl;
import com.consumer.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;

@FeignClient(value = "userservice",fallback = UserFeignClientImpl.class,configuration = FeignConfig.class)

public interface UserFeignClient {
    @GetMapping("/user/{id}")
    public User queryById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}



package com.consumer.config.impl;

import com.consumer.config.UserFeignClient;
import com.consumer.pojo.User;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class UserFeignClientImpl implements UserFeignClient {

    @Override
    public User queryById(Long id) {
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(id);
        user.setName("請求超時，請稍後重試--feign");
        return user;
    }
}



package com.consumer.config.impl;

import feign.Logger;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

/**
 * 編寫配置類定義feign的日誌級別 feign支持四種級別
 * - NONE：不記錄任何日誌信息，這是默認值。
 * - BASIC：僅記錄請求的方法，URL以及響應狀態碼和執行時間
 * - HEADERS：在BASIC的基礎上，額外記錄了請求和響應的頭信息
 * - FULL：記錄全部請求和響應的明細，包括頭信息、請求體、元數據
 */
@Configuration
public class FeignConfig {
    @Bean
    Logger.Level feignLoggerLevel() {
        return Logger.Level.FULL;
    }
}

4. 建立zuul網關

     1.pom.xml中的依賴

 <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-zuul</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

　　2. application.yml

server:
  port: 10010
spring:
  application:
    name: gateway
zuul:
  routes:
    userservice: userservice/**  #簡便方式
  prefix: /api #添加路由前綴
 #     path: /userservice/** #這是映射路徑
#    serviceId: userservice #指定服務名稱
#      url: http://127.0.0.1:8081 映射路徑對應的實際url地址
eureka:
  client:
    registry-fetch-interval-seconds: 5 #循環獲取服務列表
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:10086/eureka
  instance:
    prefer-ip-address: true
    ip-address: 127:0.0.1

　　3. 建立啓動器

package com.zuul;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.zuul.EnableZuulProxy;

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableZuulProxy //開啓網關功能
public class Zuul {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Zuul.class);
    }
}

　　測試成功的頁面：