Linux arm64的虛擬內存佈局

原創翻譯,轉載請註明出處。linux

 

頁錶轉換
arm64在硬件體系結構上支持4級的每頁大小爲4K的頁錶轉換,也支持3級的頁大小64KB的頁錶轉換。
在linux arm64中,若是頁的大小爲4KB,使用3級頁錶轉換或者4級頁錶轉換,用戶空間和內核空間都支持有39bit(512GB)或者48bit(256TB)大小的虛擬地址空間。
若是頁的大小爲64KB,就只有2級頁錶轉換,支持42bit(4TB)大小的虛擬地址,用戶空間和內核空間也大小同樣。


地址分佈
虛擬地址都用64位無符號數表示。
用戶虛擬地址從高位的63到低位的48都是0,內核虛擬地址則相反,63~48都是1. TTBR x(Translation table base register)的選擇是經過虛擬地址的第63 bit位來肯定的。swapper_pg_dir只包含內核地址映射,而用戶

pgd 只包含用戶地址映射,swapper_pg_dir 指向的地址只會寫入到 TTBR1,毫不會寫入到TTBR0。app

AArch64 Linux memory layout with 4KB pages + 3 levels:

Start            End            Size        Use
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
0000000000000000    0000007fffffffff     512GB        user
ffffff8000000000    ffffffffffffffff     512GB        kernel
AArch64 Linux memory layout with 4KB pages + 4 levels:
 
Start            End            Size        Use
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
0000000000000000    0000ffffffffffff     256TB        user
ffff000000000000    ffffffffffffffff     256TB        kernel
AArch64 Linux memory layout with 64KB pages + 2 levels:

Start            End            Size        Use
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
0000000000000000    000003ffffffffff       4TB        user
fffffc0000000000    ffffffffffffffff       4TB        kernel
AArch64 Linux memory layout with 64KB pages + 3 levels:

Start            End            Size        Use
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
0000000000000000    0000ffffffffffff     256TB        user
ffff000000000000    ffffffffffffffff     256TB        kernel

想看內核虛擬地址佈局的詳細狀況,能夠經過觀察內核boot日誌。佈局

Translation table lookup with 4KB pages:
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|                 |         |         |         |         |
|                 |         |         |         |         v
|                 |         |         |         |   [11:0]  in-page offset
 
|                 |         |         |         +-> [20:12] L3 index
 
|                 |         |         +-----------> [29:21] L2 index
 
|                 |         +---------------------> [38:30] L1 index
 
|                 +-------------------------------> [47:39] L0 index
 +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1
Translation table lookup with 64KB pages:
+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|63    56|55    48|47    40|39    32|31    24|23    16|15     8|7      0|

+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|                 |    |               |              |
|                 |    |               |              v
 
|                 |    |               |            [15:0]  in-page offset
 
|                 |    |               +----------> [28:16] L3 index
 
|                 |    +--------------------------> [41:29] L2 index
 
|                 +-------------------------------> [47:42] L1 index
 +-------------------------------------------------> [63] TTBR0/1

當使用kvm時,虛擬機管理器(hypervisor)內核頁表映射在EL2(CPU異常級別),經過對內核虛擬地址固定的偏移來肯定(高24位內核虛擬地址設置爲0):翻譯

Start            End            Size        Use
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
0000004000000000    0000007fffffffff     256GB        kernel objects mapped in HYP
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