在CentOS上安裝第三方軟件庫EPEL

時間 2019-11-06

原文原文鏈接

Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux (EPEL)【企業版 Linux 附加軟件包(如下簡稱 EPEL)】是一個由特別興趣小組建立、維護並管理的，針對紅帽企業版 Linux(RHEL)及其衍生髮行版(好比 CentOS、 Scientific Linux)的一個高質量附加軟件包項目。
EPEL 的軟件包一般不會與企業版Linux官方源中的軟件包發生衝突，或者互相替換文件。EPEL與Fedora項目基本一致，包含完整的構建系統、升級管理器、鏡像管理器等等。
EPEL 包含一個叫作epel-release的包，這個包包含了EPEL源的gpg密鑰和軟件源信息。您能夠經過yum安裝到您的企業版Linux發行版上。除了epel-release源，還有一個叫作epel-testing的源，這個源包含最新的測試軟件包，其版本很新可是安裝有風險，請自行斟酌。
注意: 有些第三方軟件源須要 EPEL 的'epel-testing'源來安裝依賴組件，請務必在系統設置中啓用本源。這裏有相關的開啓教程。(相關配置文件位於：/etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo)。

1.首先檢查系統是否安裝epel-release

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]
# rpm -q epel-release
package epel-release is not installed

[root@localhost ~]
# rpm -q epel-release
package epel-release is not installed

2.安裝EPEL

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:epel-release ########################################### [100%]

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]
   1:epel-release           ########################################### [100%]

注意：
一、 要安裝最新版本的EPEL，請前往 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/ 中查找最新版本的URL地址，這裏採用的是6.8版本
32位：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
64位：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm

二、若出現下面相似錯誤，則表示對應的URL已經不存在，須要從新找EPEL的版本，請前往 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/ 獲取須要的版本

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found
error: skipping http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm - transfer failed

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
Retrieving http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
curl: (22) The requested URL returned error: 404 Not Found
error: skipping http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm - transfer failed

#2.1 安裝成功

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q epel-release
epel-release-6-8.noarch

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q epel-release
epel-release-6-8.noarch

#2.2 查看其所依附的軟件文件

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qR epel-release
/bin/sh
/bin/sh
config(epel-release) = 6-8
redhat-release >= 6
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qR epel-release  
/bin/sh  
/bin/sh  
config(epel-release) = 6-8
redhat-release >= 6
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1

#2.3 卸載

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e epel-release
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.rpmsave

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e epel-release
warning: /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo saved as /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo.rpmsave

#2.4 設置源級別

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
設置 /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 中源的級別爲 priority=11

[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
設置 /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo 中源的級別爲 priority=11

#2.5 搜索軟件包
若要查看 EPEL Repo 中是否存在某個軟件包：yum search package-name，若搜索git

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]# yum search git
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
============================== N/S Matched: git ===============================
nodejs-github-url-from-git.noarch : Parse a GitHub git URL and return the GitHub repository URL
php-phpunit-git.noarch : Simple wrapper for Git
trac-git-plugin.noarch : GIT version control plugin for Trac
GitPython.noarch : Python Git Library
cgit.x86_64 : A fast web interface for git
git-annex.x86_64 : Manage files with git, without checking their contents into git
git-ftp.noarch : Git powered FTP client written as shell script
git-gui.noarch : Git GUI tool
git-review.noarch : A git helper for integration with Gerrit
git2cl.noarch : Converts git logs to GNU style ChangeLog format
gitolite.noarch : Highly flexible server for git directory version tracker
gitosis.noarch : Git repository hosting application
gitstats.noarch : Generates statistics based on GIT repository activity
// ……（略）
tkgate-fr.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tkgate-it.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tkgate-ja.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tuxpaint.x86_64 : Drawing program designed for young children
xmlsec1-devel.i686 : Libraries, includes, etc. to develop applications with XML Digital
: Signatures and XML Encryption support.
xmlsec1-devel.x86_64 : Libraries, includes, etc. to develop applications with XML Digital
: Signatures and XML Encryption support.
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

[root@localhost ~]# yum search git
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: mirrors.hust.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
============================== N/S Matched: git ===============================
nodejs-github-url-from-git.noarch : Parse a GitHub git URL and return the GitHub repository URL
php-phpunit-git.noarch : Simple wrapper for Git
trac-git-plugin.noarch : GIT version control plugin for Trac
GitPython.noarch : Python Git Library
cgit.x86_64 : A fast web interface for git
git-annex.x86_64 : Manage files with git, without checking their contents into git
git-ftp.noarch : Git powered FTP client written as shell script
git-gui.noarch : Git GUI tool
git-review.noarch : A git helper for integration with Gerrit
git2cl.noarch : Converts git logs to GNU style ChangeLog format
gitolite.noarch : Highly flexible server for git directory version tracker
gitosis.noarch : Git repository hosting application
gitstats.noarch : Generates statistics based on GIT repository activity
// ……（略）
tkgate-fr.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tkgate-it.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tkgate-ja.x86_64 : Locales and examples for tkgate, Digital Circuit Simulator
tuxpaint.x86_64 : Drawing program designed for young children
xmlsec1-devel.i686 : Libraries, includes, etc. to develop applications with XML Digital
                   : Signatures and XML Encryption support.
xmlsec1-devel.x86_64 : Libraries, includes, etc. to develop applications with XML Digital
                     : Signatures and XML Encryption support.

  Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.

3. 安裝第三方軟件
使用yum install package-name命令安裝第三方軟件，如使用yum install git安裝git

Java代碼

[root@localhost ~]# yum install git
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/metalink | 5.5 kB 00:00
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
epel | 4.4 kB 00:00
epel/primary_db | 6.0 MB 01:19
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl-Git = 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Git) for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Error) for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
==================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
==================================================================================
Installing:
git x86_64 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 base 4.6 M
Installing for dependencies:
perl-Error noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 base 29 k
perl-Git noarch 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 base 28 k
Transaction Summary
==================================================================================
Install 3 Package(s)
Total download size: 4.7 M
Installed size: 15 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm | 4.6 MB 00:33
(2/3): perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch.rpm | 29 kB 00:00
(3/3): perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch.rpm | 28 kB 00:00
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 140 kB/s | 4.7 MB 00:34
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org>
Package: centos-release-6-4.el6.centos.10.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201303020151.x86_64/6.4)
From : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y （注：這裏爲輸入的內容，導入GPG key）
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
Installing : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 1/3
Installing : perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch 2/3
Installing : git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64 3/3
Verifying : git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64 1/3
Verifying : perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch 2/3
Verifying : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch 3/3
Installed:
git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1
Dependency Installed:
perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1
Complete!

[root@localhost ~]# yum install git
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/metalink                                                 | 5.5 kB     00:00     
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * epel: ftp.sjtu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn
epel                                                          | 4.4 kB     00:00     
epel/primary_db                                               | 6.0 MB     01:19     
Setting up Install Process
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: perl-Git = 1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Git) for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: perl(Error) for package: git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6 will be installed
---> Package perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

==================================================================================
 Package                Arch       Version                 Repository        Size
==================================================================================
Installing:
 git                    x86_64     1.7.1-3.el6_4.1         base             4.6 M
Installing for dependencies:
 perl-Error             noarch     1:0.17015-4.el6         base              29 k
 perl-Git               noarch     1.7.1-3.el6_4.1         base              28 k

Transaction Summary
==================================================================================
Install       3 Package(s)

Total download size: 4.7 M
Installed size: 15 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64.rpm                         | 4.6 MB     00:33     
(2/3): perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch.rpm                    |  29 kB     00:00     
(3/3): perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch.rpm                    |  28 kB     00:00     
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                          140 kB/s | 4.7 MB     00:34     
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
 Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org>
 Package: centos-release-6-4.el6.centos.10.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201303020151.x86_64/6.4)
 From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y    （注：這裏爲輸入的內容，導入GPG key）
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum.
  Installing : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch                             1/3 
  Installing : perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch                               2/3 
  Installing : git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64                                    3/3 
  Verifying  : git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.x86_64                                    1/3 
  Verifying  : perl-Git-1.7.1-3.el6_4.1.noarch                               2/3 
  Verifying  : 1:perl-Error-0.17015-4.el6.noarch                             3/3 

Installed:
  git.x86_64 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1                                                                 

Dependency Installed:
  perl-Error.noarch 1:0.17015-4.el6              perl-Git.noarch 0:1.7.1-3.el6_4.1             

Complete!

4. 參考資料 [1]EPEL https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/EPEL [2]CentOS 6.2安裝第三方軟件庫epel http://blog.csdn.net/jackalfly/article/details/7572886