鴻蒙軟總線跨設備訪問該怎麼玩——小總結

 

 重點擼代碼：

一、跨設備啓動FA、跨設備遷移、回遷

（1）權限

ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE：用於容許監聽分佈式組網內的設備狀態變化。
ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO：用於容許獲取分佈式組網內的設備列表和設備信息。
ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO：用於查詢其餘應用的信息。
ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC：用於容許不一樣設備間的數據交換。

"reqPermissions": [
    {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"},
    {"name": "ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_STATE_CHANGE"}, 
    {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_DISTRIBUTED_DEVICE_INFO" }, 
   {"name": "ohos.permission.GET_BUNDLE_INFO"} 
]

//主動申明，要多設備協同，讓用戶選擇容許仍是禁止
requestPermissionsFromUser(new String[]{"ohos.permission.DISTRIBUTED_DATASYNC"}, 0);

 

（2）界面：ability_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:main_start_fa_btn"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="300vp"
        ohos:text="1.啓動遠程設備的FA"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:left_padding="40vp"
        ohos:right_padding="40vp"
        ohos:top_margin="20vp"
        />

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:main_migration_btn"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="300vp"
        ohos:text="2.遷移到遠程設備"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:left_padding="40vp"
        ohos:right_padding="40vp"
        ohos:top_margin="20vp"
        />
    
</DirectionalLayout>

 

button_bg.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<shape  xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
        ohos:shape="rectangle">
    <solid ohos:color="#007DFF"/>
    <corners ohos:radius="40"/>
</shape>

 

另外咱們須要的Page Abiltiy：MigrationAbility、RemoveAbility
 
MainAbilitySlice:

public class MainAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
   private Button mainStartFABtn,mainMigrationBtn;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_main);
        mainStartFABtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_main_start_fa_btn);
        mainMigrationBtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_main_migration_btn);
        
        mainStartFABtn.setClickedListener(mClickListener);
        mainMigrationBtn.setClickedListener(mClickListener);
    }

    private Component.ClickedListener mClickListener = new Component.ClickedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(Component component) {
            int compoentId = component.getId();
            switch (compoentId){
                case ResourceTable.Id_main_start_fa_btn:
                    //點擊後跨設備打開Fa
                    //第一種寫法
                    Intent intent = new Intent();
                    Operation op = new Intent.OperationBuilder()
                            .withDeviceId(Common.getOnLineDeviceId())
                            .withBundleName("com.ybzy.demo")
                            .withAbilityName("com.ybzy.demo.RemoveAbility")
                            .withFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE)
                            .build();
                    intent.setOperation(op);
                    intent.setParam("msg","我誇設備把你這個FA拉起來了！");
                    startAbility(intent);

                    //第二鍾寫法
                    intent.setElement(new ElementName(Common.getOnLineDeviceId()
                                            ,"com.ybzy.demo","com.ybzy.demo.RemoveAbility"));
                    intent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);
                    intent.setParam("msg","我誇設備把你這個FA拉起來了！");
                    startAbility(intent);

                    break;
                case ResourceTable.Id_main_migration_btn:
                    //點擊後進入要遷移的Ability頁面
                    Intent migrationIntent = new Intent();
                    migrationIntent.setElement(new ElementName("","com.ybzy.demo"
                                                    ,"com.ybzy.demo.MigrationAbility"));
                    startAbility(migrationIntent);
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

 

ability_migration.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#00ffff"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:migration_text"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="250vp"
        ohos:background_element="#0088bb"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="下面是一個可編輯的文本框"
        ohos:text_size="50"
        ohos:padding="5vp"
        ohos:top_margin="30vp"
        />

    <TextField
        ohos:id="$+id:migration_textfield"
        ohos:height="250vp"
        ohos:width="250vp"
        ohos:hint="請輸入..."
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:background_element="#ffffff"
        ohos:text_color="#888888"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:padding="5vp"
        />
    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:migration_migration_btn"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="點擊遷移"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:left_padding="50vp"
        ohos:right_padding="50vp"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:top_margin="30vp"
        />

    <Button
        ohos:id="$+id:migration_migration_back_btn"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:text="點擊遷移回來"
        ohos:text_size="20fp"
        ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
        ohos:top_padding="8vp"
        ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
        ohos:left_padding="50vp"
        ohos:right_padding="50vp"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:top_margin="30vp"
        />
</DirectionalLayout>

 

RemoveAbility...把接收到的值顯示到頁面就行，setText()

 

（3）工具類

public class Common{
    public static String getDeviceId(){
        List<DeviceInfo> deviceList = DeviceManager.getDeviceList(DeviceInfo.FLAG_GET_ONLINE_DEVICE);
        if(deviceList.isEmpty()){
            return null;
        }
        int deviceNum = deviceList.size();
        List<String> deviceIds = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);
        List<String> deviceNames = new ArrayList<>(deviceNum);
        deviceList.forEach((device)->{
            deviceIds.add(device.getDeviceId());
            deviceNames.add(device.getDeviceName());
        });

        //咱們這裏的實驗環境，就兩部手機，組件還沒講
        //我就直接使用deviceIds的第一個元素，作爲啓動遠程設備的目標id
        String devcieIdStr = deviceIds.get(0);
        return devcieIdStr;
    }


    public static void myShowTip(Context context,String msg){
        //提示框的核心組件文本
        Text text = new Text(context);
        text.setWidth(MATCH_CONTENT);
        text.setHeight(MATCH_CONTENT);
        text.setTextSize(16, Text.TextSizeType.FP);
        text.setText(msg);
        text.setPadding(30,20,30,20);
        text.setMultipleLine(true);
        text.setMarginLeft(30);
        text.setMarginRight(30);
        text.setTextColor(Color.WHITE);
        text.setTextAlignment(TextAlignment.CENTER);
    
        //給上面的文本設置一個背景樣式
        ShapeElement style = new ShapeElement();
        style.setShape(ShapeElement.RECTANGLE);
        style.setRgbColor(new RgbColor(77,77,77));
        style.setCornerRadius(15);
        text.setBackground(style);
    
        //構建存放上面的text的佈局
        DirectionalLayout mainLayout = new DirectionalLayout(context);
        mainLayout.setWidth(MATCH_PARENT);
        mainLayout.setHeight(MATCH_CONTENT);
        mainLayout.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.CENTER);
        mainLayout.addComponent(text);
    
        //最後要讓上面的組件綁定dialog
        ToastDialog toastDialog = new ToastDialog(context);
        toastDialog.setSize(MATCH_PARENT,MATCH_CONTENT);
        toastDialog.setDuration(1500);
        toastDialog.setAutoClosable(true);
        toastDialog.setTransparent(true);
        toastDialog.setAlignment(LayoutAlignment.CENTER);
        toastDialog.setComponent((Component) mainLayout);
        toastDialog.show();
    }
    
}

 

（4）實現功能
MigrationAbilitySlice：

public class MigrationAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice implements IAbilityContinuation {
    TextField migrationTextField;
    Button migrationMigrationBtn,migrationMigrationBackBtn;
    String msg = "";

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_migration);

        migrationTextField = (TextField)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_textfield);
        migrationTextField.setText(msg);
        migrationMigrationBtn = (Button)findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_migration_migration_btn);
        migrationMigrationBtn.setClickedListener(component -> {
            //一、要進行遷移的Ability實現接口 IAbilityContinuation，實現的方法返回值改爲true
            //二、要進行遷移的Ability下面關聯的全部AbilitySlice都要實現接口 IAbilityContinuation，
            //  實現的方法上處理數據
            //三、進行遷移
            String deviceId = Common.getOnLineDeviceId();
            if(deviceId != null){
//                continueAbility(deviceId); 
                continueAbilityReversibly(deviceId);
            }
        });

        migrationMigrationBackBtn = (Button) findComponentById(ResourceTable
                                                                    .Id_migration_migration_back_btn);
        migrationMigrationBackBtn.setClickedListener(component -> {
            reverseContinueAbility();
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onStartContinuation() {
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onSaveData(IntentParams intentParams) {
        intentParams.setParam("msg",migrationTextField.getText());
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean onRestoreData(IntentParams intentParams) {
        msg = intentParams.getParam("msg").toString();
//        getUITaskDispatcher().asyncDispatch(() -> {
//            migrationTextField.setText(intentParams.getParam("msg").toString());
//        });
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public void onCompleteContinuation(int i) {

    }

}

 

二、跨設備鏈接Service

啓動遠程設備Service的代碼示例以下：
添加按鈕：

<Button
    ohos:id="$+id:main_start_removeService_btn"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:width="300vp"
    ohos:text="遠程啓動ServiceAbility"
    ohos:text_size="20fp"
    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
    ohos:top_padding="8vp"
    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
    ohos:left_padding="40vp"
    ohos:right_padding="40vp"
    ohos:top_margin="20vp"
    />
    
    <Button
    ohos:id="$+id:main_stop_removeService_btn"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:width="300vp"
    ohos:text="遠程關閉ServiceAbility"
    ohos:text_size="20fp"
    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
    ohos:top_padding="8vp"
    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
    ohos:left_padding="40vp"
    ohos:right_padding="40vp"
    ohos:top_margin="20vp"
    />

 

新建RemoteServiceAbility：

public class RemoteServiceAbility extends Ability {
    private static final HiLogLabel LABEL_LOG = new HiLogLabel(3, 0xD001100, "Demo");
    private Source sVideoSource;
    private Player sPlayer;

    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        HiLog.error(LABEL_LOG, "RmoteServiceAbility::onStart");
        super.onStart(intent);
        Common.myShowTip(this,"remote onstart");
        sPlayer = new Player(RemoteServiceAbility.this);
        new PlayerThread().start();
    }
    class PlayerThread extends Thread {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            try {
                File mp3FilePath = getExternalFilesDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_MUSIC);
                if (!mp3FilePath.exists()) {
                    mp3FilePath.mkdirs();
                }
                File mp3File = new File(mp3FilePath.getAbsolutePath() + "/" + "bj.mp3");

                Resource res = getResourceManager()
                        .getRawFileEntry("resources/rawfile/bj.mp3").openRawFile();
                byte[] buf = new byte[4096];
                int count = 0;
                FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(mp3File);
                while ((count = res.read(buf)) != -1) {
                    fos.write(buf, 0, count);
                }
                FileDescriptor fileDescriptor = new FileInputStream(mp3File).getFD();
                sVideoSource = new Source(fileDescriptor);
                sPlayer.setSource(sVideoSource);
                sPlayer.prepare();
                sPlayer.setVolume(0.3f);
                sPlayer.enableSingleLooping(true);
                sPlayer.play();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        Common.myShowTip(RemoteServiceAbility.this,"remote onStop");
        sPlayer.stop();
    }

    @Override
    public IRemoteObject onConnect(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }
    @Override
    public void onDisconnect(Intent intent) {
    }
}

 

啓動：

case ResourceTable.Id_main_start_remoteService_btn:

    Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,deviceId);
    Intent startRemoteServiceIntent = new Intent();
    startRemoteServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(
            deviceId,
            "com.ybzy.demo",
            "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"
    ));
    startRemoteServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);
    startAbility(startRemoteServiceIntent);
    break;

 

關閉遠程設備Service：

case ResourceTable.Id_main_stop_remoteService_btn:
    Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,deviceId);
    Intent stopRemoteServiceIntent = new Intent();
    stopRemoteServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(
            deviceId,
            "com.ybzy.demo",
            "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"
    ));
    stopRemoteServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);
    stopAbility(stopRemoteServiceIntent);
    break;

 

僅經過啓動和中止Service Ability兩種方式對Service進行調度沒法應對需長期交互的場景，
簡單地說，信息就是隻能去，回不來！
所以，分佈式任務調度平臺向開發者提供了跨設備Service鏈接及斷開鏈接的能力。
連接上了，信息可去可回！
 
連接是使用connectAbility()方法，須要傳入目標Service的Intent與接口IAbilityConnection的實例對象。
 
接口IAbilityConnection提供了兩個方法供開發者實現：
（1）onAbilityConnectDone()用來處理鏈接的回調。
（2）onAbilityDisconnectDone()用來處理斷開鏈接的回調。
 
咱們能夠在onAbilityConnectDone()中獲取管理連接的代理，進一步爲了使用該代理跨設備調度Service，
開發者須要在本地及遠端分別實現對外接口一致的代理，這個接口是IRemoteBroker。
 
添加按鈕：

<Button
    ohos:id="$+id:main_connect_remoteService_btn"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:width="300vp"
    ohos:text="遠程連接ServiceAbility"
    ohos:text_size="20fp"
    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
    ohos:top_padding="8vp"
    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
    ohos:left_padding="40vp"
    ohos:right_padding="40vp"
    ohos:top_margin="20vp"
    />

<Button
    ohos:id="$+id:main_use_remoteService_btn"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:width="300vp"
    ohos:text="使用遠程ServiceAbility"
    ohos:text_size="20fp"
    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
    ohos:top_padding="8vp"
    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
    ohos:left_padding="40vp"
    ohos:right_padding="40vp"
    ohos:top_margin="20vp"
    />

<Button
    ohos:id="$+id:main_disconnect_remoteService_btn"
    ohos:height="match_content"
    ohos:width="300vp"
    ohos:text="遠程斷開ServiceAbility"
    ohos:text_size="20fp"
    ohos:text_color="#ffffff"
    ohos:background_element="$graphic:button_bg"
    ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
    ohos:top_padding="8vp"
    ohos:bottom_padding="8vp"
    ohos:left_padding="40vp"
    ohos:right_padding="40vp"
    ohos:top_margin="20vp"
    />

 

發起鏈接的本地側的代理示例以下：

public class MyRemoteProxy implements IRemoteBroker {
    //IRemoteBroker:獲取遠程代理對象的持有者
    private static final int ERR_OK = 0;
    //COMMAND_PLUS表示有效消息進行通訊的約定的標記，MIN_TRANSACTION_ID是這個標記能夠用的最小值：1
    private static final int COMMAND_PLUS = IRemoteObject.MIN_TRANSACTION_ID;

    //IRemoteObject:此接口
    // 可用於查詢或獲取接口描述符、
    // 添加或刪除死亡通知、
    // 將對象狀態轉儲到特定文件以及發送消息。
    private final IRemoteObject remote;
    public MyRemoteProxy(IRemoteObject remote) {
        this.remote = remote;
    }

    @Override
    public IRemoteObject asObject() {//獲取遠程代理對象的方法
        return remote;
    }

    public int plus(int a,int b) throws RemoteException {
        //MessageParcel:這個類提供了讀寫對象、接口標記、文件描述符和大數據的方法。
        MessageParcel data = MessageParcel.obtain();
        //obtain()建立索引爲0的空MessageParcel對象
        MessageParcel reply = MessageParcel.obtain();

        //MessageOption:定義與sendRequest一塊兒發送消息的選項。
        // option不一樣的取值，決定採用同步或異步方式跨設備調用Service
        // 這個例子咱們須要同步獲取對端Service執行加法運算後的結果，同步模式調用sendRequest接口，即MessageOption.TF_SYNC
        // 對應的是異步：TF_ASYNC
        MessageOption option = new MessageOption(MessageOption.TF_SYNC);
        data.writeInt(a);
        data.writeInt(b);

        try {
            remote.sendRequest(COMMAND_PLUS, data, reply, option);
            //第1個參數：約定通訊雙方肯定的消息標記。
            //第2個參數：發送到對等端側的數據包裹MessageParcel對象。
            //第3個參數：對等端側返回的數據包裹MessageParcel對象。
            //第4個參數：設置發送消息，用同步仍是異步模式。
            int ec = reply.readInt(); //返回通訊成不成功，約定的標記ERR_OK
            if (ec != ERR_OK) {
                throw new RemoteException();
            }
            int result = reply.readInt();
            return result;
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            throw new RemoteException();
        } finally {
            data.reclaim(); //reclaim()清除再也不使用的MessageParcel對象。
            reply.reclaim();
        }
    }
}

 

等待鏈接的遠端側的代理示例以下：

public class MyRemote extends RemoteObject implements IRemoteBroker{
    private static final int ERR_OK = 0;
    private static final int ERROR = -1;
    private static final int COMMAND_PLUS = IRemoteObject.MIN_TRANSACTION_ID;
 
    public MyRemote() {
        super("MyService_Remote");
    }
 
    @Override
    public IRemoteObject asObject() {
        return this;
    }
 
    @Override
    public boolean onRemoteRequest(int code, MessageParcel data, MessageParcel reply, MessageOption option) {
        if (code != COMMAND_PLUS) {
            reply.writeInt(ERROR);
            return false;
        }
        int value1 = data.readInt();
        int value2 = data.readInt();
        int sum = value1 + value2;
        reply.writeInt(ERR_OK);
        reply.writeInt(sum);
        return true;
    }
}

 

等待鏈接側還須要做以下修改：

// 綁定前面定義的代理，實例化出發起連接側須要的代理
private MyRemote remote = new MyRemote();
@Override
public IRemoteObject onConnect(Intent intent) {
    //連接成功的時候，給發起連接側返回去
    return remote.asObject();
}

 

 

完成上述步驟後，能夠經過點擊事件實現鏈接、利用鏈接關係控制PA以及斷開鏈接等行爲，代碼示例以下：

private MyRemoteProxy mProxy = null;
// 建立鏈接回調實例
private IAbilityConnection conn = new IAbilityConnection() {
    // 鏈接到Service的回調
    @Override
    public void onAbilityConnectDone(ElementName elementName, IRemoteObject iRemoteObject, int resultCode) {
        // 在這裏開發者能夠拿到服務端傳過來IRemoteObject對象，從中解析出服務端傳過來的信息
        mProxy = new MyRemoteProxy(iRemoteObject);
        UIUtils.showTip(MainAbilitySlice.this,"拿到remoteObject：" + mProxy);
    }

    // 意外斷開鏈接纔會回調
    @Override
    public void onAbilityDisconnectDone(ElementName elementName, int resultCode) {
    }
};



// 鏈接遠程
case ResourceTable.Id_main_connect_remoteService_btn:
    //一、實現鏈接的本地側的代理
    //二、實現等待鏈接的遠端側的代理
    //三、修改等待鏈接側的Service
    //四、在本地(發起連接側)獲取遠端(被連接側)返回過來的連接代理，建立連接後的回調函數
    //五、實現連接，經過代理對象使用Service的服務
    if (deviceId != null) {
        Intent connectServiceIntent = new Intent();
        connectServiceIntent.setElement(new ElementName(
                deviceId,
                "com.ybzy.demo",
                "com.ybzy.demo.RemoteServiceAbility"
        ));
        connectServiceIntent.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ABILITYSLICE_MULTI_DEVICE);
        connectAbility(connectServiceIntent, iAbilityConnection);
    }
    break;
    
    
// 連接後使用
case ResourceTable.Id_main_use_remoteService_btn:
    if (mProxy != null) {
        int ret = -1;
        try {
            ret = mProxy.plus(10, 20);
        } catch (RemoteException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        Common.myShowTip(MainAbilitySlice.this, "獲取的結果：" + ret);
    }
    break;
    
// 用完斷開
case ResourceTable.Id_main_disconnect_remoteService_btn:
    disconnectAbility(iAbilityConnection);
    break;

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