英語連讀及發音

常見發音現象react

連讀–輔音+元音app

當前一個單詞以輔音結尾,後一個單詞以元音開頭,將前面的輔音與後面的元音天然相連,稱爲「輔音 + 元音」的連讀。咱們能夠想象這個輔音是後一個單詞的詞首,天然流暢地將輔音與元音連起來讀。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中「輔音 + 元音」連讀。
On it.
I found it.
Check it out.
Game over!
Can I fit this?
pick up on things
Do I speak it?
It’s a good job offer.
You know what a God is?
當前一個單詞以字母以-r或-re結尾,後一個單詞以元音開頭時,使用輔音/r/把先後兩個單詞中的元音鏈接起來。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中「/r/ + 元音」連讀。
Here I am.
Where am I?
Han, you’re on your own.
This is all right here in the box.
You’re old. You’re probably 60.
Number eight, you’re enchanting.
注意:
1)單詞連讀發生變音時,聽起來可能會像其餘單詞,但大多數誤解是能夠直接排除或在語境中能夠消除。
例以下面這句話中的number eight連讀後可能聽起來像number rate,但在語境中咱們能夠排除number rate。
Number eight, you’re enchanting.
2)有許多英語口音(如英國南部口音),詞尾字母 -r或 -re不發音,如car /kɑ:/,more /mɔ:/,other /'ʌðə/,pure /pjʊə/,number /ˈnʌmbə/,所以這類單詞是以元音結尾。在許多其餘英語口音中(如蘇格蘭口音、愛爾蘭口音以及北美大部分地區的口音),以 -r或 -re結尾的單詞通常在結尾發/r/音,如:car /kɑ:r/,more /mɔ:r/等。但只要單詞組合符合以上規律則天然地產生連讀。
下面錄音中的your爲英式發音,尾音/r/不發音,但在句子中與其後的元音連讀。聽錄音,對比他們的區別。
your
The fight will be your own.
I’ll whisper it in your ear.
3)有時,當前一個單詞以/ɑ:/、/ɔ:/、/ɜ:/、/ə/、/ɪə/、/ɛə/或/ʊə/等元音結尾,後一個單詞以元音開頭時,儘管前一個單詞的拼寫中不含 -r或 -re,發音時仍會添加/r/音以防止間斷。
聽錄音,仔細辨別劃線單詞之間添加的/r/音。
Henry saw ® in him perhaps the only prince.
I saw ® another Jayden, not the one I saw ® at home.
連讀–輔音+以「h」開頭的單詞less

當前一個單詞以輔音結尾,後一個單詞以字母h開頭(如he、his、her、him、here等),在這種狀況下字母h能夠不發音,直接將前面的輔音與h後面的元音天然相連,稱爲「輔音 + 以h開頭單詞」的連讀。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中「輔音 + 以h開頭單詞」連讀。
him
Call him.
Get him!
house
safe house
he
If he did?
his
Open his cage.
take his place
her
Keep her.
here
I slept here.
have經常能夠弱讀/həv/,或將/h/省略,弱讀爲/v/或/əv/。should、could、would與have也分別連讀做/ʃʊdə/、/kʊdə/、/wʊdə/。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中should、could、would與have的連讀。
Could have?
I could have used you.
You should have seen me.
I would have hated any theme.
注意:/h/音的省略出如今不少英語口音和方言中,如美語、威爾士英語、蘇格蘭英語、通用澳大利亞英語、牙買加英語等。但有學者認爲省略/h/音是對英語掌握不佳、缺少教育的體現。咱們不必定要按照這種規則發音,但咱們須要具有在語境中理解/h/音省略的認知。
連讀–輔音+半元音ide

當前一個單詞以輔音/t/、/d/、/s/、/z/結尾,後一個單詞以半元音/j/開頭,這些輔音能夠與/j/連讀,且產生音變。
聽錄音,仔細聽錄音中「輔音 + 半元音/j/」連讀。
/t/ + /j/ = /tʃ/
Got you.
I let you in!
Not your own?
/d/+/j/=/dʒ/
Did you?
And your father?
I need your help!
注意:do you也可連讀爲/dʒu:/。post

/s/+/j/=/ʃ/
God bless you.
Relax your legs.
I’m gonna miss you.
/z/+/j/=/ʒ/
Same as you.
Close your eyes.
How was your day?學習

連讀–輔音+輔音ui

先後爲相同輔音(爆破音除外)
當前一個單詞以輔音結尾,後一個單詞以相同的輔音開頭時,發音時只發一個拖長的輔音。(當相同的輔音爲爆破音的狀況在」失爆「章節中學習)
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中相同輔音的連讀。
I’m Max.
Film me!
Time magazine.
Yes sir.
Makes sense.
She wants to go to the American Dance Studio…
Safe flight.
Not dead enough for me.
I crave victory.
What’s passive voice?
先後爲相同的爆破音
爆破音:/p/-/b/,/t/-/d/,/k/-/g/
當前一個單詞以爆破音結尾,後一個單詞以相同的爆破音開頭時,前一個爆破音只需作好發音口形、造成阻礙,但不爆破出來,稍微停頓後即發出後面的輔音。這種狀況下,前一個爆破音就「失去爆破」了。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中相同爆破音的失去爆破。
Not today.
Get to work.
Take care.
It’s the classic case:
Keep pedaling, you two!
If you don’t stop prying.
Bad dog.
Good day.
Yeah, he got into the cab behind me and he’s…
I don’t think you’ve ever seen my lab before.
The a big green patch.
And who’s this big galoot?this

  1. 發音部位相近的輔音

當一個單詞以輔音結尾,後一個單詞以發音部位相近的輔音開頭時,前一個輔音作好發音口形、造成阻礙,發出輕微的聲音,有時聲音微弱到聽不出來,當即過渡到後一個輔音;也有人爲了更省力好讀,直接省略前一個輔音。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中發音部位相近的輔音的連讀。
Have fun.
(/v/-/f/)
I love flowers.
(/v/-/f/)
Let’s save five children.
(/v/-/f/)
Let’s see.
(/ts/-/s/)
He’s sick.
(/z/-/s/)
I have not thought this through.
(/s/-/θ/)
And, this seals those sheets of pasta together.
(/s/-/θ/)idea

連讀–元音+元音spa

當前一個單詞以/u:/、/aʊ/、/əʊ/結尾,後面的單詞以元音開頭,則在中間加/w/來鏈接兩個元音。這個發音規則在單詞內部一樣適用。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中「元音 + /w/ + 元音」的連讀。
heroic
/hɪˈrowɪk/
intuition
/ˌɪntuˈwɪʃən/
fluent
/ˈflu:wənt/
Go on.
/ɡəʊ wɒn/
Do it.
/ˈdu:ˌwɪt/
You are?
/jʊ wɑː/
Who else?
/huː wels/
I knew it.
/njuː wɪ/
How is she?
/haʊ wɪ/
How do I look?
/ˈdu:ˌwaɪ/
Not to us.
/tuː wʌs/
當前面的單詞以元音/i:/、/aɪ/、/eɪ/、/ɔɪ/結尾,後面的單詞以元音開頭,則在中間加/j/來鏈接兩個元音。這個發音規則在單詞內部一樣適用。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中「元音 + /j/ + 元音」的連讀。
idea
/aɪˈdi:jə/
science
/ˈsaɪjəns/
react
/riˈjækt/
Say it.
/seɪ jɪ/
My own.
/maɪ jəʊn/
May I see it?
/siːjɪ/
He is? Why?
/hiː jɪz/
He can be out?
/biː jaʊt/
失爆

先後爲不一樣爆破音
爆破音:/p/-/b/,/t/-/d/,/k/-/g/
當前一個單詞以爆破音結尾,後一個單詞以另外一個爆破音開頭時,前一個爆破音只需作好發音口形、造成阻礙,但不爆破出來,稍微停頓後即發出後面的輔音。這種狀況下,前一個爆破音就「失去爆破」了。
Sit down.
Get down!
My hot dog!
You’re a great dad.
You lied to us.
I need to rest.
Glad to hear it.
I said keep back!
Stop being happy!
I couldn’t stop but think:
But she might stop by later.
Thank God.
You look good.
Economic growth matters.
Get back, get down.
Most yogurt doesn’t burn!
Big commitment.
So it don’t look like a drug crime!
爆破音+摩擦音/破擦音
爆破音:/p/-/b/,/t/-/d/,/k/-/g/
摩擦音:/f/-/v/,/s/-/z/,/θ/-/ð/,/ʃ/-/ʒ/,/h/-/r/
破擦音:/ts/-/dz/,/tr/-/dr/,/ tʃ/-/ dʒ/
當一個爆破音的後面緊跟着一個摩擦音或破擦音,前面的爆破音只需好發音口形、造成阻礙,發出輕微的聲音,有時甚至聽不出來,當即過渡到後面的摩擦音或破擦音。這種狀況下,前一個爆破音發生了「不徹底爆破」。
Not real?
Music room.
It doesn’t hurt.
It does look fun.
Took that from me.
Not that shocked.
But the pack survives.
Oh, thank God for that.
Oh, that is so thoughtful.
This says platform 9 3/4.
What does NBC stand for?
I forget the third thing.
What stupid thing did you do?
Great choice.
I shot Chuck.
You like jazz?
Not just yet.
It just triggered some uh…
爆破音+鼻輔音/舌側音
爆破音:/p/-/b/,/t/-/d/,/k/-/g/
鼻輔音: /m/,/n/,/ŋ/
舌側音:/l/
當爆破音後面緊跟着鼻音/m/、/n/和舌側音/l/時,爆破音/d/、/t/一樣只作好發音口形、造成阻礙,發出輕微的聲音,有時甚至聽不出來,當即過渡到後面的音。這種狀況下,前一個爆破音發生了「不徹底爆破」。
Oatmeal.
Good morning.
He got me back.
Big commitment.
But now…
So, what next?
Shoot. Shoot now.
We need to find land fast!
a lot less.
Not long ago,
Not like this.
One week left.
You look lost, pal.
/t/在/n/、/l/前失爆
在一些地方口音中,當/t/位於/n/或/l/前面時,/t/不送氣,氣流受阻,而後發出後面的/n/或/l/。
Milk carton?
It’s written!
certainly has
Constantly.
Little Miss Sunshine.
Definitely not like that.
/t/、/d/的省略

當/t/、/d/位於句尾時,/t/、/d/能夠省略,在美式口音和英式口音中有此種發音現象。
Do it.
Just do it!
Don’t shoot!
Don’t do that.
Don’t do it.
Just sit tight.
Like that?
It’s wet and cold.
You sold my husband?
…that’s just stupid.
To infinity and beyond!
Doesn’t sound that bad.
Just stop for a second.
當/t/位於/n/的後面時,/t/能夠省略,此種發音現象在美式口音中常見。
Job interviews.
interaction over a short distance.
I took it down… off the Internet.
international language of love
濁化

「濁化」實際上是一個爭議較多的概念,咱們中文所說的「濁化」實際指英文中的「flap/tap sound(閃音)」。但咱們無需糾結這個概念自己,咱們關注更多的是這種發音現象。flap sound與其餘的發音現象同樣,也是爲了讓發音變得更好聽、省力。美語中的flap sound有:/t/、/p/、/k/和/tr/,而英語中則沒有這種發音現象,這也是區分美音和英音的方式之一。/t/、/p/、/k/和/tr/四個音爲清輔音,送氣順暢,不受阻塞。當它們產生濁化時則送氣受阻,發出接近於它們相對的濁輔音/d/、/b/、/g/和/dr/。
當/s/後面的音爲/t/、/p/、/k/和/tr/,且爲重讀音節時,/t/、/p/、/k/和/tr/產生「濁化」。
清輔音/s/也是一個送氣音,當兩個送氣的清輔音放在一塊兒讀時會很費勁,感受一直在吐氣。爲了省力好讀,/s/後的清輔音/t/、/p/、/k/和/tr/須要「濁化」,不送氣。
雖然發生了「濁化」,發音改變了,但音標的書寫方式沒有改變,咱們在拼讀的時候尤爲要注意。好比spider,雖然咱們發音時讀做/'sbaɪdə/,但書寫時音標仍應寫爲/'spaɪdə/。因爲在英語中咱們也不可能找出含有sb-、sd-、sg-和sdr-這些組合的單詞,因此咱們也不會將spider誤聽做sbider(這個單詞不存在)。
/s/+/p/
This means to postpone it.
I mean, spices are so small.
I’d like to speak to Sheldon.
/s/+/tr/
It’s strange.
Oh, I was starstruck.
The struggle’s so real.
/s/+/k/
But describe him.
There’s a big black sky over my town.
What did you learn in school today?
/s/+/t/
Stabilized.
Seven, stockings!
Star it. Write it down.
美式口音中,當/t/、/p/位於兩個元音之間時,且爲非重讀音節,/t/、/p/產生「濁化」。
(美音中/t/音的「濁化」大大促進了英語流暢、放鬆的發音,/d/音是很是平滑的音,/t/音須要更多的體力,/d/發音時肌肉無需太緊張。美音中的/p/也能夠「濁化」成/b/,但都沒有/t/的「濁化」常見。)
I separated you.
Am I British?
Keep writing.
And sky and cities.
Huangsha market is open 24/7 and…
Luckily, this doesn’t happen very often.
I’m just happy I’m keeping it down, you know?

縮略式及後綴的發音

縮約式-'s、-'re和-'ll

縮約式是非正式口語中常見的表達方式。代詞和助動詞常常合到一塊兒,構成縮約詞。例如代詞I和助動詞am一般合到一塊兒,構成I’m。代詞與助動詞構成是否能夠構成縮約也與這兩個單詞在句子中是否爲信息詞,是否重讀有關。

句子It’s a beautiful day! 中,最重要的單詞是beautiful、day,由於他們傳達了重要信息,須要重讀。單詞is不重讀,所以咱們使用其縮略形式It’s。可是在句子Yes, it is! 中,單詞yes、is是最重要的信息詞,須要重讀,這種狀況下咱們使用其徹底式,而不用縮約形式。

在句子They’re here! 中,最重要的單詞是here,here要重讀;They’re在這個句子中不重要,所以採用其縮約式,讀做/ðɛər/或/ðə/。可是在句子They are! 中,單詞are是最重要的單詞,咱們使用其徹底式,而不用縮約形式。
縮約式-’s一般用於表示is或has,較少用於表示does。-’s所表示的單詞可結合句子和語境來判斷,不會引發困惑。-’s的發音爲/z/。he’s可讀做/hi:z/、/hiz/或/iz/;she’s可讀做/ʃi:z/或/ʃiz/。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中is的縮略形式。
-’s表示is時有如下三種狀況:
1)-’s表示實義動詞is。
It’s a boy.
But that’s not the case.
What’s a payphone?
It’s not the same when there’s no future.
Here’s the intriguing part.
Where’s that pizza place again?
She’s not insane. She’s my mother.
2)-’s表示助動詞is,構成如今進行時is doing。
Ugh, it’s updating.
She’s not feeling too good.
He’s not dying. He’s just unconscious.
3)-’s表示助動詞is,構成通常未來時is going to do/is gonna do。
I know what’s gonna drive us apart…
He’s gonna give our business a real bump.

聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中has的縮略形式。

It’s been pretty amazing.
He’s never been to war. He’s only led you in training.
All right. She’s gone.
縮約式-’re表示are。we’re讀做/wɪr/;you’re讀做/jɔ:r/、/jər/或/jə/;they’re讀做/ðɛər/或/ðə/。
we’re
you’re
they’re

聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中are的縮略形式。
-’re表示are時有如下三種狀況:
1)-’re表示實義動詞are。
once or twice before we’re done.
You’re right. You’re right.
They’re lifeless and dry,
2)-’re表示助動詞are,構成如今進行時are doing。

We’re playing chutes and ladders.
Sir, you’re taking this all wrong.
They’re figuring this out
3)-’re表示助動詞are,構成通常未來時are going to do/are gonna do。

We’re gonna use a frying pan.
That’s all you’re gonna get.
They’re going to kill us all.
注意:
They’re與their或there發音相同,容易混淆,但結合語法和語義能夠區分,不會混淆。例以下面這個句子,咱們能夠直接經過語法和語義排除Their/There never gonna leave us alone again.這兩種可能,肯定此處爲They’re。
They’re never gonna leave us alone again.
縮約式-’ll表示助動詞will,用於構成通常未來時will do。縮約式-’ll讀做/l/,發/l/時用舌尖抵住上齒後面的口腔頂部,氣流從舌頭兩側經過,聲帶振動。
I’ll take it in.
You’ll see.
We’ll play nice.
She’ll do it, you’ll do it, Max.
He’ll be here soon. He’ll explain.
It’ll be okay. We’ll find the money.
注意:
在句尾不能使用縮約形式(否認縮約式-n’t除外)。
Do you know where dad is?(錯誤:Do you know where dad’s?)
I wonder where they are?(錯誤:I wonder where they’re.)
I’m sure he will. (錯誤:I’m sure he’ll.)

縮約式-'ve和-'d

縮約式是非正式口語中常見的表達方式。代詞和助動詞常常合到一塊兒,構成縮約詞。

例如代詞I和助動詞have一般合到一塊兒,構成I’ve。代詞與助動詞構成是否能夠構成縮約也與這兩個單詞在句子中是否爲信息詞,是否重讀有關。

例如句子I’ve been to twenty countries. 中,最重要的單詞是been、twenty、countries,由於他們傳達了重要信息,須要重讀。單詞have在句中是用於構成如今完成時態的助動詞,不須要重讀,所以咱們能夠將I have 縮略爲I’ve。

可是在句子Yes, I have. 中,單詞yes、have是重要的信息詞,須要重讀,這種狀況下則不能使用其使用縮約式,必須使用徹底式。
縮約式-’ve只表示have。-’ve可讀做/əv/、/v/或/ə/。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中have的縮略形式。
-’ve表示have有如下三種狀況:
a)-’ve表示實義動詞have(有),或表示助動詞have來構成have got(有)或have got to do(不得不作)。
I’ve got it.
We’ve got water.
You’ve got to be kidding.
We’ve got to go get him.
b)-’ve表示助動詞have,構成如今完成時have done或如今完成進行時have been doing。
We’ve failed.
You’ve made it.
I’ve been doing this a long time.
I’ve been hiding all my hopes and dreams away.
c)-’ve表示助動詞have,構成虛擬語氣should/would/could have done。
I should’ve done it.
You could’ve called her.
Sophie, we would’ve taken that.
縮約式-’d可表示had、did或would。-’d所表示的單詞可結合句子和語境來判斷,不會引發困惑。縮約式-'d在句中有時發生失爆或省音,須要結合語義和語境來判斷。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中had的縮略形式。
-’d表示助動詞had,構成過去完成時had done,或短語had better。
When I realized I’d done it,
I was so happy that they’d done that.
I’d better be going.
You’d better have a couple of days in bed.

聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中did的縮略形式。
How’d you know that?
What’d you do?

聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中would的縮略形式。
-’d可表示情態動詞would,或構成短語would like/love(喜歡、想要)或would rather(寧願) 。

It’d be one amazing place to live.
I’d like you to embrace it.
I’d love to put my ax in her face.
I’d rather not.
Besides, I think she’d rather go with somebody else.
注意:
在句尾不能使用縮約形式(否認縮約式-n’t除外)。
I’m sure we have. (錯誤:I’m sure we’ve.)
He said he did. (錯誤:He said he’d.)

否認縮約式

縮約式是非正式口語中常見的說話方式。例如句子I don’t like cake. 中,重要的單詞是don’t、like、cake,由於他們傳達了重要信息,須要重讀。

否認式縮約不一樣於其餘形式的縮約,-’s、-’re、-’ll、-’ve、-’d等使用縮約形式是由於他們不是重要的單詞,所以也不須要重讀。而否認縮約所提供的信息在句中相當重要,即便是縮約形式仍重讀。
否認縮約式有:
is not = isn’t
was not = wasn’t
are not = aren’t
were not = weren’t
do not = don’t
does not = doesn’t
did not = didn’t
have not = haven’t
has not = hasn’t
had not = hadn’t
will not = won’t
would not = wouldn’t
can not = can’t
could not = couldn’t
shall not = shan’t
should not = shouldn’t
might not = mightn’t
must not = mustn’t
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中的否認縮約式。

Isn’t that funny?
It wasn’t me.
Then why aren’t we listed?
Grandma, you weren’t invited.
I don’t know.
He doesn’t understand.
I didn’t tell you.
I haven’t seen you since high school.
I can’t believe Penny hasn’t.
I hadn’t heard. Martin is in.
I won’t be long.
Heck, I don’t know why you wouldn’t.
You can’t defeat me.
He couldn’t say it.
Unlike Solzhenitsyn, I shan’t be alone.
Why shouldn’t we?
He can’t die. He mustn’t die.
注意:
1)在口語中,代詞與be動詞的縮約式使用頻率很高,比be動詞的否認縮約式的使用頻率更高。
She’s not a student. 高於 She isn’t a student.
He’s not here. 高於 He isn’t here.
We’re not home. 高於 We aren’t home.
They’re not English. 高於 They aren’t English.

2)在句尾不能使用縮約形式(否認縮約式-n’t除外)。
I’m sure he will. (錯誤:I’m sure he’ll.)
I’m sure he has. (錯誤:I’m sure he’s.)
I’m sure he can’t. (正確)

過去式後綴

英語中動詞過去式的變化有規則變化和不規則變化。
規則動詞過去式的變化規則以下:
1)通常動詞,結尾加ed
look-looked,learn-learned

2)以-e結尾的動詞,結尾加d
dance-danced,use-used

3)以「輔音字母+y」結尾的動詞,變y爲i,再加ed
study-studied,carry-carried

4)以重讀閉音節結尾、末尾只有一個輔音字母(w、x、y除外)的動詞,雙寫輔音字母,再加ed
skip-skipped,plan-planned

5)以字母-l,且爲非重讀閉音節結尾的動詞,可雙寫l(英式)或可不雙寫l(美式),再加ed
travel-travelled/ traveled,label-labelled/ labeled

6)以-ic結尾的動詞,變-ic爲-ck,再加ed
panic-panicked
規則動詞過去式均以-ed結尾,它們的發音符合如下發音規則:清念/t/ ,元濁/d/ ; /t//d/以後念/id/。
1)清念 /t/,即-ed在清輔音後面念/t/。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中動詞過去式結尾-ed(/t/)的發音。
finished
/ˈfɪnɪʃt/
You’ve finished most of the lesson.
helped
/helpt/
Because I’ve used it myself before and it helped me so much.

passed
/pɑ:st/
Correct, you’ve all passed the magic test.

2)元濁 /d/ ,即-ed在元音、濁輔音後面念/d/。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中動詞過去式結尾-ed(/d/)的發音。
borrowed
/ˈbɒrəʊd/
We’ve only borrowed it for today.
enjoyed
/ɪnˈdʒɔɪd/
Mostly I’ve just enjoyed everything I’ve been doing.
called
/kɔːld/
You could’ve called her.

3)/t/、/d/以後念/ɪd/,即-ed在/t/、 /d/音後面念/ɪd/。
聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中動詞過去式結尾-ed(/ɪd/)的發音。
wanted
/ˈwɒntɪd/
I know you’ve wanted a flu shot.
needed
/niːdɪd/
We thought you needed something blue.
注意:
有時候可能會出現詞尾-ed的發音聽不清。這種狀況是由於在它後面的單詞是以輔音音素開頭,-ed出現了失爆的現象。
Okay, we’ve passed the weight of the steel.
Early on, I’ve discovered I needed principles.

縮略詞

在非正式的書面語和口語中,經常會出現下面這樣的縮略詞。學會這些單詞的縮約形式可以幫助咱們提升聽力理解能力,也能使咱們的口語表達更地道。
常見的一個單詞的縮略詞:
about = ’bout
around = ’round
of = o’
them = ’em
because = ‘cause/ ’cos/ ’coz
doing = doin’(以-ing結尾的單詞能夠將其縮略爲-in’,發音位置也從/-ɪŋ/前移變爲/-ɪn/)

聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中縮略詞。

How 'bout the Rec Room?
Waiting 'round the bend,
Feed 'em.
'Cause you’ve got a friend in me.
I’m sad ‘cos it’s cold.
How ya doin’?
常見的兩個單詞構成的縮略詞:
going to = gonna
want to = wanna
out of = outta
got to = gotta
sort of = sorta
kind of = kinda
have to = hafta
give me = gimme
let me = lemme
lot of = lotta
could have = coulda
should have = shoulda
catch you = catcha
got you = gotcha
don’t you = dontcha/don’tcha
let you = letcha
don’t know = dunno
you all = y’all
come on = c’mon
it is = ’tis
it was = ’twas
it will = ’twill
it would = ’twould
am not/ are not/ is not /have not/ has not = ain’t

聽錄音,仔細辨別錄音中縮略詞。

I’m gonna cry.
You wanna go?
I’m outta here.
Then I’ve gotta go.
I just sorta forgot.
Kinda busy right now.
I hafta do it today.
Yep, just gimme like five minutes.
Lemme have a look.
A lotta rain.
Coulda gone better.
I shoulda done it.
Read a freek book why dontcha!
Ah, I gotcha!
I dunno if I wanna do it.
But yeah, y’all look gorgeous.
C’mon baby.
'Tis they who empower my verse.
This ain’t that.
三個單詞構成的縮略詞
在口語中人們爲了說話省力,有時也將三個單詞縮略。咱們不必定要用這種方式講話,可是咱們要在對方使用縮略後可以識別、聽懂說話內容。

could not have = couldn’t’vewould not have = wouldn’t’veshould not have = shouldn’t’veought not have = oughtn’t’vehe would have = he’d’ve (she’d’ve, we’d’ve…)it was not = ’twasn’tit will not = ’twon’tit would not = ’twouldn’twhat are you/ what do you/ what have you/ what you = whatcha

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